Studies of Bud-site Selection in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae PDF Download
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Author: Shanshan Tuo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation describes investigations of the machinery of cell polarization in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell polarization is an essential feature of most, if not all, cell types. It occurs in two steps: (1) the selection of an axis and (2) the asymmetric organization of organelles, the cytoskeleton, and plasma-membrane components along this axis. The selection of an axis in S. cerevisiae is manifested as bud-site selection. S. cerevisiae cells select bud sites in either of two patterns, known as the axial and bipolar, depending on the mating type of the cells. Normal haploid cells use the axial pattern, whereas normal diploid cells use the bipolar pattern. Beginning with a re-analysis of the phenotypes of 38 mutants reported in a genome-wide screen to be defective in bipolar-bud-site selection, I focused on two groups of mutants with distinct phenotypes and tried to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. The first group contains two mutants, bud13[Delta] and ist3[Delta]; the second group contains 14 endocytosis-related mutants. Each group has led to a separate story of how the corresponding proteins are involved in bipolar-bud-site selection. First, I found (Chapter 2) that Bud13 and Ist3 are responsible specifically for the efficient pre-mRNA splicing of MATa1, which encodes a cell-type-specific regulator for the expression of haploid-specific genes. One of these genes, AXL1, encodes a protein whose ectopic expression in diploid cells causes override of the bipolar-budding mechanism by the axial budding mechanism. Second, I found (Chapter 3) that endocytosis-related proteins are involved in maintaining the localization, and thus the function, of bipolar marker proteins including Bud8 and Bud9.
Author: Shanshan Tuo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation describes investigations of the machinery of cell polarization in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell polarization is an essential feature of most, if not all, cell types. It occurs in two steps: (1) the selection of an axis and (2) the asymmetric organization of organelles, the cytoskeleton, and plasma-membrane components along this axis. The selection of an axis in S. cerevisiae is manifested as bud-site selection. S. cerevisiae cells select bud sites in either of two patterns, known as the axial and bipolar, depending on the mating type of the cells. Normal haploid cells use the axial pattern, whereas normal diploid cells use the bipolar pattern. Beginning with a re-analysis of the phenotypes of 38 mutants reported in a genome-wide screen to be defective in bipolar-bud-site selection, I focused on two groups of mutants with distinct phenotypes and tried to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. The first group contains two mutants, bud13[Delta] and ist3[Delta]; the second group contains 14 endocytosis-related mutants. Each group has led to a separate story of how the corresponding proteins are involved in bipolar-bud-site selection. First, I found (Chapter 2) that Bud13 and Ist3 are responsible specifically for the efficient pre-mRNA splicing of MATa1, which encodes a cell-type-specific regulator for the expression of haploid-specific genes. One of these genes, AXL1, encodes a protein whose ectopic expression in diploid cells causes override of the bipolar-budding mechanism by the axial budding mechanism. Second, I found (Chapter 3) that endocytosis-related proteins are involved in maintaining the localization, and thus the function, of bipolar marker proteins including Bud8 and Bud9.
Author: Emily Cecile Walsh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Peter A. Hall
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470779699
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
"The authors represent most of the key figures and the work and the book as a whole is an essential reference for the newcomer or specialist in this area and for any student of eukaryotic cell structure and function. This is an important and wonderful reference." –Microbiology Today, May 2009 Septins are an evolutionarily conserved group of GTP-binding and filament-forming proteins that were originally discovered in yeast. Once the preserve of a small band of yeast biologists, the field has grown rapidly in the past few years and now encompasses the whole of animal and fungal biology. Furthermore, septins are nowadays recognized to be involved in a variety of disease processes from neoplasia to neurodegenerative conditions. This book comprehensively examines the septin gene family and their proteins, providing those new to this research area with a detailed and wide ranging introduction to septin biology. It starts with a unique historical perspective on the development of the field, from its beginnings in the screen for cell division mutants by the Nobel Laureate Lee Hartwell. The evolution of the septin gene family then forms a basis for consideration of the biochemistry and functions of septins in yeast and other model organisms including C. elegans and Drosophila. A major part of the book considers the diversity of septins in mammals, their functions and properties as well as their involvement in normal and abnormal cellular states, followed by a speculative overview from the editors of the key questions in septin research and of where the field may be headed. In addition, several appendices summarise important information for those in, or just entering, the field, e.g. nomenclature and septin and septin-like sequences. This book is an essential source of reference material for researchers in septin biology, cell biology, genetics and medicine, in particular pathology, including areas of neurobiology, oncology, infectious disease and developmental biology.
Author: Jeffrey N. Strathern
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 776
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Author: Ashwini R. Jambhekar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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RNA localization is an important regulatory mechanism utilized by many cells and organisms for ensuring proper development. Although this process has been studied for many years in Drosophila and Xenopus, the single-celled yeast S. cerevisiae also provides examples of RNA transport. A core complex of 3 proteins---She2, She3, and Myo4---transports ASH1 and IST2 mRNAs to bud tips of growing cells by an actinmyosin based mechanism. In this work, 22 additional mRNAs have been identified as She-complex targets and have been shown to localize to bud tips in vivo. In contrast to other organisms, S. cerevisiae was found to contain localization elements in the coding regions of transported RNAs. Unbiased selection of localization elements from the open reading frames of several She-complex targets revealed a short single-stranded RNA motif containing a core CG dinucleotide which was essential for She2/3 binding and transport. Further analysis also revealed additional context-dependencies affecting the function of the motif. These results establish yeast as a model system for studying RNA transport, and provide a foundation for elucidating the mechanisms of motor-cargo interactions and defining the range of regulatory functions fulfilled by localization of mRNA. Furthermore, the identification of a consensus motif and accessory features regulating She-complex recognition suggests a general mechanism by which mRNAs can simultaneously mediate protein production and binding of regulatory factors.
Author: Yi-Jun Sheu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Author: Karl Esser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
Compiles comprehensive overviews obtained from cytological, genetic and molecular studies. This work features topics that include: cellular and colony growth of fungi, cellular fusion and incompatibility, senescence and programmed cell death, environmental and physiological signalling in differentiation processes, and more.
Author: Horst Feldmann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527659196
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1
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Book Description
Finally, a stand-alone, all-inclusive textbook on yeast biology. Based on the feedback resulting from his highly successful monograph, Horst Feldmann has totally rewritten he contents to produce a comprehensive, student-friendly textbook on the topic. The scope has been widened, with almost double the content so as to include all aspects of yeast biology, from genetics via cell biology right up to biotechnology applications. The cell and molecular biology sections have been vastly expanded, while information on other yeast species has been added, with contributions from additional authors. Naturally, the illustrations are in full color throughout, and the book is backed by a complimentary website. The resulting textbook caters to the needs of an increasing number of students in biomedical research, cell and molecular biology, microbiology and biotechnology who end up using yeast as an important tool or model organism.
Author: Renko Goyashiki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Author: D. Kerridge
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461528348
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Fungal dimorphism is a topic that sounds inherently too rarified to attract more than a specialist audience. Yet some 230 individuals representing an eclectic mixture of interests, from basic science to medical practice, gathered in Churchill College, Cambridge in Semptember 1992 for a meeting devoted only to this subject. The symposium was the fourth in a series "Topics in Mycology" to be jointly organized by the Janssen Research Foundation and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. The participants enjoyed a rich and varied diet of oral presentations and poster displays in the field of fungal morphogenesis. This book sets down in print the material presented at the dimorphism symposium. We think that the high quality of these papers conveys very well the flavor of what was an excellent meeting. The selection of contributions in this volume covers very wide ground indeed. Chapters devoted to some non-pathogenic fungi are included, because the scientific basis of morphological development belongs to the fields of cellular and molecular biology: it does not recognize the boundary imposed by considerations of virulence of a fungus for a human host. Yet morphogenetic change in those fungi that do cause human disease frequently appears to be a component of the pathological process: many important pathogens change from a hyphal form in the external environment to a round form in infected tissues. This relationship between dimorphism and pathogenicity is the point of contact between pure biology and medicine.
