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Author: Juliana Stival Sena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
Technical advances have accelerated the structural and functional exploration of conifer genomes and opened up new approaches to study their physiology and adaptation to environmental conditions. This thesis focuses on the evolution of conifer genes and explores (i) the genomic factors that have impacted the evolution of gene structure and (ii) the evolution of a large gene family involved in drought tolerance, the dehydrins. The analysis of gene structure was based on white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) sequence data from BAC clones, the genome assembly and the gene space obtained from sequence capture. Through comparative analyses, we found that conifers presented more intronic sequence per gene than most flowering plants (angiosperms) and that the average intron length was not directly correlated to genome size. We found that repetitive elements, which are responsible for the very large size of conifer genomes, also affect the evolution of exons and introns. In the second part of the thesis, we undertook the first exhaustive analysis of the dehydrin gene family in conifers. The phylogenetic analyses indicated the occurrence of a series of gene duplications in conifers and a major lineage duplication, which caused the expansion of the dehydrin family in the genus Picea. Conifer dehydrins have an array of modular amino acid structures, and in spruce, these structures are particularly diverse and are associated with different expression patterns in response to dehydration stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that the evolution of gene structure is dynamic in conifers, which contrast with a widely accepted slow rate of chromosome evolution. They further indicate that the expansion and diversification of adaptation-related genes, like the dehydrins in spruce, may confer the phenotypic plasticity to respond to the environmental changes during their long life span.
Author: Juliana Stival Sena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
Technical advances have accelerated the structural and functional exploration of conifer genomes and opened up new approaches to study their physiology and adaptation to environmental conditions. This thesis focuses on the evolution of conifer genes and explores (i) the genomic factors that have impacted the evolution of gene structure and (ii) the evolution of a large gene family involved in drought tolerance, the dehydrins. The analysis of gene structure was based on white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) sequence data from BAC clones, the genome assembly and the gene space obtained from sequence capture. Through comparative analyses, we found that conifers presented more intronic sequence per gene than most flowering plants (angiosperms) and that the average intron length was not directly correlated to genome size. We found that repetitive elements, which are responsible for the very large size of conifer genomes, also affect the evolution of exons and introns. In the second part of the thesis, we undertook the first exhaustive analysis of the dehydrin gene family in conifers. The phylogenetic analyses indicated the occurrence of a series of gene duplications in conifers and a major lineage duplication, which caused the expansion of the dehydrin family in the genus Picea. Conifer dehydrins have an array of modular amino acid structures, and in spruce, these structures are particularly diverse and are associated with different expression patterns in response to dehydration stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that the evolution of gene structure is dynamic in conifers, which contrast with a widely accepted slow rate of chromosome evolution. They further indicate that the expansion and diversification of adaptation-related genes, like the dehydrins in spruce, may confer the phenotypic plasticity to respond to the environmental changes during their long life span.
Author: David B. Neale
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319468073
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 590
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Book Description
This book is the first comprehensive volume on conifers detailing their genomes, variations, and evolution. The book begins with general information about conifers such as taxonomy, geography, reproduction, life history, and social and economic importance. Then topics discussed include the full genome sequence, complex traits, phenotypic and genetic variations, landscape genomics, and forest health and conservation. This book also synthesizes the research included to provide a bigger picture and suggest an evolutionary trajectory. As a large plant family, conifers are an important part of economic botany. The group includes the pines, spruces, firs, larches, yews, junipers, cedars, cypresses, and sequoias. Of the phylum Coniferophyta, conifers typically bear cones and evergreen leaves. Recently, there has been much data available in conifer genomics with the publication of several crop and non-crop genome sequences. In addition to their economic importance, conifers are an important habitat for humans and animals, especially in developing parts of the world. The application of genomics for improving the productivity of conifer crops holds great promise to help provide resources for the most needy in the world.
Author: Christophe Plomion
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1578087198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
With contributions by internationally reputed researchers in the field, this book presents the implications of the genomic revolution for conifers—promoting a better understanding of the evolution of these organisms as well as new knowledge about the molecular basis of quantitative trait variation. Both of these discoveries play important roles in their domestication. Topics include cytogenetics, patterns of nucleotide diversity, genetic mapping, integration of molecular markers in breeding, transcriptomics, advances in proteomics and metabolomics in gymnosperms, and economic importance.
Author: Erika Groth
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789155478506
Category : Conifers
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
Author: Oldenburg Oldenburg Press
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781523764426
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
HiC-Pro is an optimized and flexible pipeline for processing Hi-C data from raw reads to normalized contact maps. HiC-Pro maps reads, detects valid ligation products, performs quality controls and generates intra- and inter-chromosomal contact maps. It includes a fast implementation of the iterative correction method and is based on a memory-efficient data format for Hi-C contact maps. In addition, HiC-Pro can use phased genotype data to build allele-specific contact maps. We applied HiC-Pro to different Hi-C datasets, demonstrating its ability to easily process large data in a reasonable time. Source code and documentation are available at http://github.com/nservant/HiC-Pro.
Author: Jean-Nicolas Volff
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805584911
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
Recent major advances in the field of comparative genomics and cytogenomics of plants, particularly associated with the completion of ambitious genome projects, have uncovered astonishing facets of the architecture and evolutionary history of plant genomes. The aim of this book was to review these recent developments as well as their implications in our understanding of the mechanisms which drive plant diversity. New insights into the evolution of gene functions, gene families and genome size are presented, with particular emphasis on the evolutionary impact of polyploidization and transposable elements. Knowledge on the structure and evolution of plant sex chromosomes, centromeres and microRNAs is reviewed and updated. Taken together, the contributions by internationally recognized experts present a panoramic overview of the structural features and evolutionary dynamics of plant genomes.This volume of Genome Dynamics will provide researchers, teachers and students in the fields of biology and agronomy with a valuable source of current knowledge on plant genomes.
Author: Marilena Idzojtic
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128196459
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 800
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Book Description
Dendrology: Cones, Flowers, Fruits and Seeds offers a comprehensive overview of the morphology of reproductive organs of woody plants of Europe in one resource. The book contains 2020 woody taxa (845 species, 58 subspecies, 38 varieties, 13 forms, 40 hybrids and 1026 cultivars), belonging to 400 genera and 121 families. It includes 447 taxa of trees and shrubs that are autochthonous in Europe and numerous ornamental species that originate from North America, Asia, South America, Australia and Africa, along with invasive woody species. Accompanied by thousands of original photographs, the book is designed to efficiently guide the reader to accurate identification. Other features include taxa organized in alphabetical order of their botanical names, flowering and fruiting time, mode of fruit or seed dispersal, and distribution range, making this a must-have reference for students and researchers in dendrology, botany, forestry, forest management and conservation, arboriculture and horticulture. Includes 2,020 taxa of trees and shrubs important for the European dendrology Provides detailed descriptions of reproductive organs and data on the reproductive biology of the described taxa Contains 6,644 original, high-quality photographs of habits, cones, flowers, fruits and seeds
Author: Ricardo Utsunomia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889764915
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
Author: Ilga M. Porth
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783030210038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
This book offers comprehensive information on the genomics of spruces (Picea spp.), naturally abundant conifer tree species that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Due to their tremendous ecological and economic importance, the management of forest genetic resources has chiefly focused on conservation and tree improvement. A draft genome sequence of the 20-gigabase Norway spruce genome was published in the journal Nature in 2013. Continuous efforts to improve the spruce genome assembly are underway, but are hindered by the inherent characteristics of conifer genomes: high amounts of repetitive sequences (introns and transposable elements) in the genome and large gene family expansions with regards to abiotic stress, secondary metabolism and spruces' defense responses to pathogens and herbivory. This book presents the latest information on the status of genome assemblies, provides detailed insights into transposable elements and methylation patterns, and highlights the extensive genomic resources available for inferring population genomics and climate adaptation, as well as emerging genomics tools for tree improvement programs. In addition, this volume features whole-genome comparisons among conifer species, and demonstrates how functional genomics can be used to improve gene function annotations. The book closes with an outlook on emerging fields of research in spruce genomics.
Author: Timothy L. White
Publisher: Cabi
ISBN: 9780851993485
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book, which contains 20 chapters, integrates the varied subdisciplines of genetics and their applications in gene conservation, tree improvement and biotechnology. Topics covered include: genetic variation in natural forests, the application of genetics in tree improvement and breeding programmes, and genomic sequences and molecular technologies. This book will be a valuable resource for students, scientists and professionals in the plant sciences, especially forest geneticists, tree breeders, forest managers and other natural resource specialists.
