Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292613790
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 141
Book Description
This publication helps guide investment planning and financing across key urban infrastructure sectors of Azerbaijan to improve the performance of cities---with a focus on economy, equity, and environment. The National Urban Assessment for Azerbaijan is among a series prepared by the Asian Development Bank for selected developing countries under its Urban Operational Plan 2012–2020).
Strengthening Functional Urban Regions in Azerbaijan
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292613790
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 141
Book Description
This publication helps guide investment planning and financing across key urban infrastructure sectors of Azerbaijan to improve the performance of cities---with a focus on economy, equity, and environment. The National Urban Assessment for Azerbaijan is among a series prepared by the Asian Development Bank for selected developing countries under its Urban Operational Plan 2012–2020).
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292613790
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 141
Book Description
This publication helps guide investment planning and financing across key urban infrastructure sectors of Azerbaijan to improve the performance of cities---with a focus on economy, equity, and environment. The National Urban Assessment for Azerbaijan is among a series prepared by the Asian Development Bank for selected developing countries under its Urban Operational Plan 2012–2020).
Redefining "Urban" A New Way to Measure Metropolitan Areas
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264174109
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 151
Book Description
This report compares urbanisation trends in OECD countries on the basis of a newly defined OECD methodology which enables cross-country comparison of the socio-econimic and environmental performance of metropolitan areas in OECD countries.
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264174109
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 151
Book Description
This report compares urbanisation trends in OECD countries on the basis of a newly defined OECD methodology which enables cross-country comparison of the socio-econimic and environmental performance of metropolitan areas in OECD countries.
Capital Cities: Varieties and Patterns of Development and Relocation
Author: Vadim Rossman
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317562844
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
The issue of capital city relocation is a topic of debate for more than forty countries across the world. In this first book to discuss the issue, Vadim Rossman offers an in-depth analysis of the subject, highlighting the global trends and the key factors that motivate different countries to consider such projects, analyzing the outcomes and drawing lessons from recent capital city transfers worldwide for governments and policy-makers. Capital Cities studies the approaches and the methodologies that inform such decisions and debates. Special attention is given to the study of the universal patterns of relocation and patterns specific to particular continents and mega-regions and particular political regimes. The study emphasizes the role of capital city transfers in the context of nation- and state-building and offers a new framework for thinking about capital cities, identifying six strategies that drive these decisions, representing the economic, political, geographic, cultural and security considerations. Confronting the popular hyper-critical attitudes towards new designed capital cities, Vadim Rossman shows the complex motives that underlie the proposals and the important role that new capitals might play in conflict resolution in the context of ethnic, religious and regional rivalries and federalist transformations of the state, and is seeking to identify the success and failure factors and more efficient implementation strategies. Drawing upon the insights from spatial economics, comparative federalist studies, urban planning and architectural criticism, the book also traces the evolution of the concept of the capital city, showing that the design, iconography and the location of the capital city play a critical role in the success and the viability of the state.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317562844
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
The issue of capital city relocation is a topic of debate for more than forty countries across the world. In this first book to discuss the issue, Vadim Rossman offers an in-depth analysis of the subject, highlighting the global trends and the key factors that motivate different countries to consider such projects, analyzing the outcomes and drawing lessons from recent capital city transfers worldwide for governments and policy-makers. Capital Cities studies the approaches and the methodologies that inform such decisions and debates. Special attention is given to the study of the universal patterns of relocation and patterns specific to particular continents and mega-regions and particular political regimes. The study emphasizes the role of capital city transfers in the context of nation- and state-building and offers a new framework for thinking about capital cities, identifying six strategies that drive these decisions, representing the economic, political, geographic, cultural and security considerations. Confronting the popular hyper-critical attitudes towards new designed capital cities, Vadim Rossman shows the complex motives that underlie the proposals and the important role that new capitals might play in conflict resolution in the context of ethnic, religious and regional rivalries and federalist transformations of the state, and is seeking to identify the success and failure factors and more efficient implementation strategies. Drawing upon the insights from spatial economics, comparative federalist studies, urban planning and architectural criticism, the book also traces the evolution of the concept of the capital city, showing that the design, iconography and the location of the capital city play a critical role in the success and the viability of the state.
THE HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN: from ancient times to the present day
Author: Ismail bey Zardabli
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1291971319
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 602
Book Description
This textbook, "The History of Azerbaijan" was written in accordance with the existing academic-thematic programme in this area of study. The history of the country is described starting from ancient times to the beginning of the 21st century. The maps in this book were originally published in the work "The Historical Geography of Azerbaijan" (Baku, 1986). This textbook is intended for students, lecturers and non-specialists working in the educational system as well as for the general reader with an interest in Azerbaijan.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1291971319
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 602
Book Description
This textbook, "The History of Azerbaijan" was written in accordance with the existing academic-thematic programme in this area of study. The history of the country is described starting from ancient times to the beginning of the 21st century. The maps in this book were originally published in the work "The Historical Geography of Azerbaijan" (Baku, 1986). This textbook is intended for students, lecturers and non-specialists working in the educational system as well as for the general reader with an interest in Azerbaijan.
Harnessing Uzbekistan’s Potential of Urbanization
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292690329
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
The National Urban Assessment for Uzbekistan examines the progress of urbanization and the development and current state of government policies and programs in the country. It recommends various pathways to sustainable urbanization, including reforms in urban planning. Particular focus is given on economy, equity, environmental quality, and climate change as well as enhancing the quality and reliability of urban services and increasing the supply of affordable housing, among others. The report is also a useful guide for strategic investment planning across key urban infrastructure sectors in Uzbekistan.
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292690329
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
The National Urban Assessment for Uzbekistan examines the progress of urbanization and the development and current state of government policies and programs in the country. It recommends various pathways to sustainable urbanization, including reforms in urban planning. Particular focus is given on economy, equity, environmental quality, and climate change as well as enhancing the quality and reliability of urban services and increasing the supply of affordable housing, among others. The report is also a useful guide for strategic investment planning across key urban infrastructure sectors in Uzbekistan.
Urban Planning for City Leaders
Author: Pablo Vaggione
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : City planning
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Book Description
This guide is the result of a UN-Habitat initiative to provide local leaders and decision makers with the tools to support urban planning good practice. It includes several "how to" sections on all aspects of urban planning, including how to build resilience and reduce climate risks, with an example from Sorsogon, Philippines. It outlines practical ways to create and implement a vision for a city that will better prepare it to cope with growth and change. The overall guide offers insights from real experiences on what it takes to have an impact and to transform an urban reality through urban planning. It clearly links planning and financing and presents many successful practices that emphasize strategies to address real issues. It aims to inform leaders about the value that urban planning could bring to their cities and to facili.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : City planning
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Book Description
This guide is the result of a UN-Habitat initiative to provide local leaders and decision makers with the tools to support urban planning good practice. It includes several "how to" sections on all aspects of urban planning, including how to build resilience and reduce climate risks, with an example from Sorsogon, Philippines. It outlines practical ways to create and implement a vision for a city that will better prepare it to cope with growth and change. The overall guide offers insights from real experiences on what it takes to have an impact and to transform an urban reality through urban planning. It clearly links planning and financing and presents many successful practices that emphasize strategies to address real issues. It aims to inform leaders about the value that urban planning could bring to their cities and to facili.
Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs Vol.3 No. 2., 2019
Author: Cristian Sammarco, Evren Korkmazer, Yasin Bektas, Mervebanu Aykanat, Shargiyaya Jevedzade, Gokçen Firdevs Yücel Caymaz, Maria A. El Helou, Asmaa Saada, Djamel Dekoumi, Islam H. El-Ghonaimy, Mariam Haider Al-Haddad, Mahmuda Alam, Emerald Upoma Baidya, Maryam Kamyar, Zahra Jafari Spourezi, Ece Kumkale Acikgoz, Narmin Babazadeh Asbagh, Zeinab Shafik, Mennat-Allah El-Husseiny, Modupe Odemakin, Abiola Ayopo Abiodun, Souidi Manel, Bestandji Siham, Beyhan Kara, Tuba Sari Haksever, Candan Çinar Çitak, Samuel Medayese, Mohammed Tauheed Alfa, Nelson T.A Abd’razack, Faith O. Agbawn, Maryam Ghasemi, Ouafa Louafi, Emerald Upoma Baidya, Andisheh Saliminezhad, Pejman Bahramian, Hossein Sadri,
Publisher: Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs
ISBN:
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 195
Book Description
The Substrate and Urban Transformation. Rome: The Formative Process of the Pompeo Theater Area CRISTIAN SAMMARCO, Ph.D. candidate 1-7 PDF HTML Study of Light Pollution in Urban Lighting in Nisantasi Example EVREN KORKMAZER, M.Sc., YASIN BEKTAS, M.Sc., MERVEBANU AYKANAT, M.Sc., SHARGIYAYA JEVEDZADE, M.Sc., GOKÇEN FIRDEVS YÜCEL CAYMAZ, Dr. 8-15 PDF HTML Shaping the City that Decreases Overweight and Obesity through Healthy Built Environment MARIA A. EL HELOU, PhD candidate. 16-27 PDF HTML Transformation of Berber Traditional Planning and Living Spaces ASMAA SAADA, Dr., DJAMEL DEKOUMI, Dr. 28-34 PDF HTML Towards Reviving the Missing Noble Characteristics of Traditional Habitual Social Life: “Al-Farej “In Kingdom of Bahrain ISLAM H. EL-GHONAIMY, Dr., MARIAM HAIDER AL-HADDAD, MA. 35-46 PDF HTML Empowering the urban poor through participatory planning process: a case from Jhenaidah, Bangladesh MAHMUDA ALAM, M.Sc., EMERALD UPOMA BAIDYA, Mrs. 47-54 PDF HTML Representing Iranian-Islamic Identity in Iranian Contemporary Cities Structure MARYAM KAMYAR, Dr., ZAHRA JAFARI SPOUREZI, M.Sc. 55-62 PDF HTML Keeping the Pulse of Heritage Awareness in Ankara: Two Historic Sites, Two Interventions ECE KUMKALE ACIKGOZ, Dr. 63-72 PDF HTML A Short Glimpse to the Urban Development of Tabriz during the History NARMIN BABAZADEH ASBAGH, Ph.D. Candidate., 73-83 PDF HTML Re-visiting the Park: Reviving the “Cultural Park for Children” in Sayyeda Zeinab in the shadows of Social Sustainability ZEINAB SHAFIK, Prof. Dr., MENNAT-ALLAH EL-HUSSEINY, Dr. 84-94 PDF HTML Reformation of Slums MODUPE ODEMAKIN, BSc, ABIOLA AYOPO ABIODUN, MSc 95-98 PDF HTML Tafilelt, the Neo Traditional Model of Ksour in Algeria: Assessment of the Multifunctionality of Urban Spaces SOUIDI MANEL, PhD candidate., BESTANDJI SIHAM, Dr. 99-107 PDF HTML The Impact Of Globalization On Cities BEYHAN KARA, PhD candidate. 108-113 PDF HTML The Coordination Of Actors In Urban Regeneration Projects: Fikirtepe, Istanbul, Turkey TUBA SARI HAKSEVER, Ph.D. candidate, CANDAN ÇINAR ÇITAK, Dr. 114-123 PDF HTML Analysis of the Extent of Red Light Running in Minna, North-Central Nigeria SAMUEL MEDAYESE, MSc, MOHAMMED TAUHEED ALFA, PhD candidate., NELSON T.A ABD’RAZACK, Dr., FAITH O. AGBAWN, Miss. 124-136 PDF HTML The Rise of Crime in Affordable Housing in Suburbs, Case of Iran MARYAM GHASEMI, Ph.D. Candidate 137-143 PDF HTML The Phenomenon of Mobility, a Development Challenge for the City Of Algiers OUAFA LOUAFI, Ph.D. candidate 144-155 PDF HTML The causal relationship between urbanization and economic growth in US: Fresh evidence from the Toda–Yamamoto approach ANDISHEH SALIMINEZHAD, Dr., PEJMAN BAHRAMIAN, Dr. 166-172 PDF HTML Architecture and Human Rights Hossein Sadri, Assoc. prof. Dr. 173-183 PDF HTML
Publisher: Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs
ISBN:
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 195
Book Description
The Substrate and Urban Transformation. Rome: The Formative Process of the Pompeo Theater Area CRISTIAN SAMMARCO, Ph.D. candidate 1-7 PDF HTML Study of Light Pollution in Urban Lighting in Nisantasi Example EVREN KORKMAZER, M.Sc., YASIN BEKTAS, M.Sc., MERVEBANU AYKANAT, M.Sc., SHARGIYAYA JEVEDZADE, M.Sc., GOKÇEN FIRDEVS YÜCEL CAYMAZ, Dr. 8-15 PDF HTML Shaping the City that Decreases Overweight and Obesity through Healthy Built Environment MARIA A. EL HELOU, PhD candidate. 16-27 PDF HTML Transformation of Berber Traditional Planning and Living Spaces ASMAA SAADA, Dr., DJAMEL DEKOUMI, Dr. 28-34 PDF HTML Towards Reviving the Missing Noble Characteristics of Traditional Habitual Social Life: “Al-Farej “In Kingdom of Bahrain ISLAM H. EL-GHONAIMY, Dr., MARIAM HAIDER AL-HADDAD, MA. 35-46 PDF HTML Empowering the urban poor through participatory planning process: a case from Jhenaidah, Bangladesh MAHMUDA ALAM, M.Sc., EMERALD UPOMA BAIDYA, Mrs. 47-54 PDF HTML Representing Iranian-Islamic Identity in Iranian Contemporary Cities Structure MARYAM KAMYAR, Dr., ZAHRA JAFARI SPOUREZI, M.Sc. 55-62 PDF HTML Keeping the Pulse of Heritage Awareness in Ankara: Two Historic Sites, Two Interventions ECE KUMKALE ACIKGOZ, Dr. 63-72 PDF HTML A Short Glimpse to the Urban Development of Tabriz during the History NARMIN BABAZADEH ASBAGH, Ph.D. Candidate., 73-83 PDF HTML Re-visiting the Park: Reviving the “Cultural Park for Children” in Sayyeda Zeinab in the shadows of Social Sustainability ZEINAB SHAFIK, Prof. Dr., MENNAT-ALLAH EL-HUSSEINY, Dr. 84-94 PDF HTML Reformation of Slums MODUPE ODEMAKIN, BSc, ABIOLA AYOPO ABIODUN, MSc 95-98 PDF HTML Tafilelt, the Neo Traditional Model of Ksour in Algeria: Assessment of the Multifunctionality of Urban Spaces SOUIDI MANEL, PhD candidate., BESTANDJI SIHAM, Dr. 99-107 PDF HTML The Impact Of Globalization On Cities BEYHAN KARA, PhD candidate. 108-113 PDF HTML The Coordination Of Actors In Urban Regeneration Projects: Fikirtepe, Istanbul, Turkey TUBA SARI HAKSEVER, Ph.D. candidate, CANDAN ÇINAR ÇITAK, Dr. 114-123 PDF HTML Analysis of the Extent of Red Light Running in Minna, North-Central Nigeria SAMUEL MEDAYESE, MSc, MOHAMMED TAUHEED ALFA, PhD candidate., NELSON T.A ABD’RAZACK, Dr., FAITH O. AGBAWN, Miss. 124-136 PDF HTML The Rise of Crime in Affordable Housing in Suburbs, Case of Iran MARYAM GHASEMI, Ph.D. Candidate 137-143 PDF HTML The Phenomenon of Mobility, a Development Challenge for the City Of Algiers OUAFA LOUAFI, Ph.D. candidate 144-155 PDF HTML The causal relationship between urbanization and economic growth in US: Fresh evidence from the Toda–Yamamoto approach ANDISHEH SALIMINEZHAD, Dr., PEJMAN BAHRAMIAN, Dr. 166-172 PDF HTML Architecture and Human Rights Hossein Sadri, Assoc. prof. Dr. 173-183 PDF HTML
Guidelines on the Implementation of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to Combat the Negative Impact of Climate Change on Forestry
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251380953
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 61
Book Description
Climate change is one of the most critical social and environmental concerns and the biggest threat to economic stability in human history. Türkiye, Azerbaijan, and Central Asia countries, namely Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, are vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change. Although average forest cover is only 10.2 percent of these countries (FAO-SEC countries), they play an essential role in climate change mitigation and adaptation, including human well-being and biodiversity co-benefits. The NbS concept has gained attention since the late 2000s. Its practical contribution to global climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts has found significant implementation opportunities in forestry to support the protection and conservation, restoration and expansion, and sustainable management of forests under the impact of climate change.Globally, implementing NbSs to combat the negative impact of climate change on forestry is promoted by the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Regionally, implementing NbSs to combat the negative impacts of climate change on forestry has been included in the forest policy initiatives of the countries in the sub-region recently. As a result, governments have implemented NbSs through national strategies and programs to address societal challenges by enhancing ecosystem services and promoting human well-being and biodiversity co-benefits. For example, Azerbaijan has implemented afforestation, reforestation, rehabilitation, and restoration activities in forest fund lands on an average of 9 727 hectares (ha) annually since 2000. Kazakhstan aims to save the Aral Sea basin from salinity and improve soil fertility through afforestation activities of saxaul species on 0.25 million ha, and the afforestation area in the Aral Sea will be extended by 1 million ha till 2025. Kyrgyzstan has planned a 1,000-ha annual plantation program to expand protected natural areas to 10 percent. Tajikistan implements 2,000 ha of annual plantation activities to increase the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential through participatory forestry sector development. Türkiye implemented afforestation, soil conservation, forest rehabilitation, pasture rehabilitation, private afforestation, artificial regeneration, and establishment of energy forests activities on 9.62 million ha from 1946 to 2022. Turkmenistan conducts afforestation activities with drought-resistant plant species and established the "Golden Century Lake" in the Karakum Desert to improve the climate conditions and conserve biodiversity. Uzbekistan declared the Aral Sea region
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251380953
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 61
Book Description
Climate change is one of the most critical social and environmental concerns and the biggest threat to economic stability in human history. Türkiye, Azerbaijan, and Central Asia countries, namely Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, are vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change. Although average forest cover is only 10.2 percent of these countries (FAO-SEC countries), they play an essential role in climate change mitigation and adaptation, including human well-being and biodiversity co-benefits. The NbS concept has gained attention since the late 2000s. Its practical contribution to global climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts has found significant implementation opportunities in forestry to support the protection and conservation, restoration and expansion, and sustainable management of forests under the impact of climate change.Globally, implementing NbSs to combat the negative impact of climate change on forestry is promoted by the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Regionally, implementing NbSs to combat the negative impacts of climate change on forestry has been included in the forest policy initiatives of the countries in the sub-region recently. As a result, governments have implemented NbSs through national strategies and programs to address societal challenges by enhancing ecosystem services and promoting human well-being and biodiversity co-benefits. For example, Azerbaijan has implemented afforestation, reforestation, rehabilitation, and restoration activities in forest fund lands on an average of 9 727 hectares (ha) annually since 2000. Kazakhstan aims to save the Aral Sea basin from salinity and improve soil fertility through afforestation activities of saxaul species on 0.25 million ha, and the afforestation area in the Aral Sea will be extended by 1 million ha till 2025. Kyrgyzstan has planned a 1,000-ha annual plantation program to expand protected natural areas to 10 percent. Tajikistan implements 2,000 ha of annual plantation activities to increase the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential through participatory forestry sector development. Türkiye implemented afforestation, soil conservation, forest rehabilitation, pasture rehabilitation, private afforestation, artificial regeneration, and establishment of energy forests activities on 9.62 million ha from 1946 to 2022. Turkmenistan conducts afforestation activities with drought-resistant plant species and established the "Golden Century Lake" in the Karakum Desert to improve the climate conditions and conserve biodiversity. Uzbekistan declared the Aral Sea region
Realizing the Urban Potential in Georgia
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292573535
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 160
Book Description
This publication details the rapid assessment of the urban sector in Georgia to understand key urbanization trends and patterns of growth and to analyze challenges and opportunities. It gives a snapshot of the state of urban affairs at the national level with an urbanization profile, governance and urban management profile, capacity needs assessment, urban finance matrix, and a “3E” assessment covering economic, environmental, and social equity profiles. This document is not a strategy but the basis for developing a national urban strategy and road map for integrated investments to maximize development impact.
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292573535
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 160
Book Description
This publication details the rapid assessment of the urban sector in Georgia to understand key urbanization trends and patterns of growth and to analyze challenges and opportunities. It gives a snapshot of the state of urban affairs at the national level with an urbanization profile, governance and urban management profile, capacity needs assessment, urban finance matrix, and a “3E” assessment covering economic, environmental, and social equity profiles. This document is not a strategy but the basis for developing a national urban strategy and road map for integrated investments to maximize development impact.
Governance, Environment, and Sustainable Human Development in Drc
Author: Nene Ndeta Mobimba
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1503593991
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 259
Book Description
This book considers Congolese society in a broader framework of social and environmental dimensions. It explains to a large extent how these dimensions depend on governance and assesses the impact of governance on the indices of human development and quality of life. Our Environment, Our Wealth is about environment for development to help fight against poverty. Protecting the environment is essential to attain a better life for the people. Whether its about climate change, energy innovation for clean air, forest management, fresh water, or waste, the environment affects all areas of our lives. Although these phenomena are not new; interest in environmental issues has been renewed in recent years. Faced with such challenges, specialists capable of combining natural and social sciences and humanities are needed to understand the different factors involved in its development.
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1503593991
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 259
Book Description
This book considers Congolese society in a broader framework of social and environmental dimensions. It explains to a large extent how these dimensions depend on governance and assesses the impact of governance on the indices of human development and quality of life. Our Environment, Our Wealth is about environment for development to help fight against poverty. Protecting the environment is essential to attain a better life for the people. Whether its about climate change, energy innovation for clean air, forest management, fresh water, or waste, the environment affects all areas of our lives. Although these phenomena are not new; interest in environmental issues has been renewed in recent years. Faced with such challenges, specialists capable of combining natural and social sciences and humanities are needed to understand the different factors involved in its development.