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Author: Florkowski, Wojciech J.
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Groundnuts, which are widely consumed in West Africa, are prone to contamination by aflatoxin during production and storage. Although aflatoxin plays a role in many of the important health risks in developing countries, individuals and governments ignore the risks because their health effects are not immediate. In the developed world strong regulations remove contaminated kernels and their products from the food systems. The objective of this paper is to examine production and marketing practices, particularly grading methods, in Ghanas groundnut value chain to obtain a clear understanding of the sources and levels of aflatoxin contamination in the crop and how such contamination can be sharply reduced.
Author: Florkowski, Wojciech J.
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Groundnuts, which are widely consumed in West Africa, are prone to contamination by aflatoxin during production and storage. Although aflatoxin plays a role in many of the important health risks in developing countries, individuals and governments ignore the risks because their health effects are not immediate. In the developed world strong regulations remove contaminated kernels and their products from the food systems. The objective of this paper is to examine production and marketing practices, particularly grading methods, in Ghanas groundnut value chain to obtain a clear understanding of the sources and levels of aflatoxin contamination in the crop and how such contamination can be sharply reduced.
Author: Hoffmann, Vivian
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
Aflatoxin is a poisonous substance produced by a fungus, Aspergillus flavus, that occurs naturally in soils of cultivated and non-cultivated areas. The fungus commonly produces the toxin in maize, groundnut, and other staple grains and vegetables, and is especially prevalent in Africa. When animals consume feed contaminated with aflatoxin, milk and (at very low levels) meat, fish and eggs, can also be contam-inated. This note brings together recent research from the CGIAR and others on technologies for aflatoxin control in Africa and provides recommendations for catalyzing their adoption.
Author: Brown, Lynn R.
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites—mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus living in soil—that contaminate crops throughout growth, harvest, storage, transportation, and processing. Aflatoxin B1 is not only the most potent natural carcinogen known, but also the most commonly produced toxic strain. As of 2010, roughly 5 billion people worldwide were estimated to be exposed to high levels of aflatoxins. High consumption levels can result in aflatoxicosis, which is often fatal. Habitual consumption at lower levels causes liver cancer and immune suppression, and is strongly associated with stunting. Of 315 cases of aflatoxicosis in Kenya in 2004, 125 people died. Consumption of aflatoxins is cumulative: they are not eradicated through standard cooking processes, and the body is unable to destroy or excrete them. This policy note examines what aflatoxins are; how they are linked to gender, climate change, and nutrition; and how they can be controlled and managed effectively.
Author: Unnevehr, Laurian
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN: 0896296768
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Aflatoxins are a naturally occurring carcinogenic byproduct of common fungi on grains and other crops, particularly maize and groundnuts. They pose a significant public health risk in many tropical developing countries and are also a barrier to the growth of domestic and international commercial markets for food and feed. In recent years the aflatoxin problem has garnered greatly increased attention from both policy and donor communities around the globe. What can be done to reduce the detrimental impacts of aflatoxins? Because growth of the molds that produce aflatoxins is caused by multiple factors, and because they must be controlled along the entire value chain from production to consumption, only a robust multifaceted approach to controlling aflatoxins is likely to be effective. The nineteen briefs in this set thus provide different perspectives on aflatoxin risks and solutions. The analyses fall under four broad themes: (1) what is known about the health risks from aflatoxins; (2) how to overcome market constraints to improved aflatoxin control by building new market channels and incentives; (3) what is the international policy context for taking action in developing countries; and (4) what is the state of research on new aflatoxin control technologies, including new methods for aflatoxin detection, crop breeding, biological control, food storage and handling, and postharvest mitigation. These briefs collectively provide a much clearer picture of the state of current efforts at combatting aflatoxins. They also identify what gaps loom particularly largeincluding the need for contry-specific risk analysis and for testing integrated solutions for the entire supply chainin our global efforts to effectively reduce human exposure to aflatoxins and increase the economic returns to smallholders in agriculture.
Author: Okoth, S.
Publisher: CTA
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
This report reveals that substantial knowledge is available about the aflatoxin challenge that plagues African farmers, other agri-entrepreneurs, and governments. Commissioned by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) in collaboration with the African Union Commission - Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA), this literature review reveals that a wide range of commodities that are traded nationally, regionally and internationally are contaminated by aflatoxins. African citizens and economies are negatively impacted as a result.
Author: Ralf Georg Dietzgen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aflatoxins
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Author: Isilay Lavkor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are contaminants of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.). Aflatoxin contamination is a serious concern given their hepatotoxic properties and their widespread occurrence during cultivation, harvest, drying and storage. Management of aflatoxin contamination of peanut is very important using cultural practice such as habitat management, soil amendments and pre- and post-harvest managements, using physical control methods, biological control methods and chemical control methods at harvest, drying, pre-storage and storage periods. Some procedures such as upkeep of low temperature and relative humidity (RH) in storage, keeping away the pod- and seed-feeding insects, doing the harvest and post-harvest procedure control, fast post-harvest drying, optimal timing of digging and harvest, providing optimum water to the crop through irrigation, avoiding mechanical damage during cultivation and optimal timing of digging and harvest might prevent the contamination of aflatoxin. In this review, various strategies for control of aflatoxin in peanuts in all periods are discussed.
Author: Pairote Wiriyacharee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuts
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aflatoxins
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: International Crops Research Institute For The Semi-Arid Tropics
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
A general overview of the problem of aflatoxin contamination of groundnut;synthesis du probleme de la contamination de l'contamination de l'arachide par les aflatoxines; una revision general del problema de la contaminacion con aflatoxinas en el cacahute;objectives and structure of the workshop; objectifs es organisation de l'atelier; objectivos y estructura del taller; risk to human health associated with consumption of groundnut contaminated with aflatoxin; hazards to livestock of consuming aflatoxin contamined groundnut meal in Africa; groundnut tradein India and the world, implications of aflatoxin contamination; the problem of aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and groundnut products as seen by the African groundnut council; aflatoxin contamination ofstore groundnuts in Zimbabwe;aflatoxin and Aspergillus flavus contamination problems of groundnuts in Zambia; aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts, control strategies in Malawi; status and management of aflatoxin in groundnuts in Nigeria;groundnut aflatoxin problems in Tanzania;present status and perspetive of aflatoxin research in Mozambique;research on aflatoxin contamination of groundnut in the people's republic of China; aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts at the post-productionlevel of operation in the Philippines; aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts in Pakistan;national monitoring and control program on mycotoxins in Brazil;control of aflatoxin in groundnut products with emphasis on sampling, analysis and detoxification;removal of aflatoxin ...
