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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789463439060
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Vast amounts of organic residues (including wheat straw) are produced as a result of agricultural activities. Because of a lignin content, many of these biomasses cannot be effectively used as feedstuffs. Selective white-rot fungi uniquely degrade lignin and, thereby, can increase the value of lignified biomasses as a feedstuff. A number of important issues need to be solves to allow for application of this biotechnology in practice. Among these are the stability of fungal treated biomass during long term storage, the compounds produced during fungal treatment and storage, and acceptance of fungal treated biomass by ruminant animals. The research reported in the present thesis showed that wheat straw treated by the fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora or Lentinula edodes could be anaerobically stored, with or without additives, at 20 °C up to 64 days with minor effect on its composition. Both fungi acidified the wheat straw by producing a number of organic acids and soluble sugars which accumulated during the fungal treatment. Accumulation of specific ceriporic acids were observed during the C. subvermispora treatment. No common mycotoxins were found to be produced in the two fungal cultures, indicating that the treated wheat straw was safe for animals to consume, at least from the perspective of the 34 analysed mycotoxins. Storing fungal treated wheat straw at different temperatures showed small but significant differences in hemicellulose and lignin content at higher temperatures, but did not affect fermentability in rumen fluid. A number of metabolites accumulated with increased storage temperatures and time. Preference studies with goats showed that the fungal treated wheat straw was well accepted as part of a grass silage and corn silage based ration. Storage of fungal treated wheat straw at elevated temperatures increased its palatability. By adding wheat bran before fungal treatment, a more rapid colonization by C. subvermispora, but not L. edodes, occurred but did not affect the extent of lignin degradation.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789463439060
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Get Book Here
Book Description
Vast amounts of organic residues (including wheat straw) are produced as a result of agricultural activities. Because of a lignin content, many of these biomasses cannot be effectively used as feedstuffs. Selective white-rot fungi uniquely degrade lignin and, thereby, can increase the value of lignified biomasses as a feedstuff. A number of important issues need to be solves to allow for application of this biotechnology in practice. Among these are the stability of fungal treated biomass during long term storage, the compounds produced during fungal treatment and storage, and acceptance of fungal treated biomass by ruminant animals. The research reported in the present thesis showed that wheat straw treated by the fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora or Lentinula edodes could be anaerobically stored, with or without additives, at 20 °C up to 64 days with minor effect on its composition. Both fungi acidified the wheat straw by producing a number of organic acids and soluble sugars which accumulated during the fungal treatment. Accumulation of specific ceriporic acids were observed during the C. subvermispora treatment. No common mycotoxins were found to be produced in the two fungal cultures, indicating that the treated wheat straw was safe for animals to consume, at least from the perspective of the 34 analysed mycotoxins. Storing fungal treated wheat straw at different temperatures showed small but significant differences in hemicellulose and lignin content at higher temperatures, but did not affect fermentability in rumen fluid. A number of metabolites accumulated with increased storage temperatures and time. Preference studies with goats showed that the fungal treated wheat straw was well accepted as part of a grass silage and corn silage based ration. Storage of fungal treated wheat straw at elevated temperatures increased its palatability. By adding wheat bran before fungal treatment, a more rapid colonization by C. subvermispora, but not L. edodes, occurred but did not affect the extent of lignin degradation.
Author:
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309031851
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Each of these popular handbooks contains comprehensive information on the nutritional needs of domestic animals and includes extensive tabular data. All are paperback and 8 1/2 x 11. Some books come with diskettes or Cds that allow users to predict nutrient requirements of specific animals under various conditions and at various life stages.
Author: Sachin Kumar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319903799
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
This book covers the applications of fungi used in biorefinery technology. As a great many different varieties of fungal species are available, the text focuses on the various applications of fungi for production of useful products including organic acids (lactic, citric, fumaric); hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, cellulases, xylanases, ligninases, lipases, pectinases, proteases); advanced biofuels (ethanol, single cell oils); polyols (xylitol); single cell protein (animal feed); secondary metabolites; and much more.
Author: Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319138472
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 505
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Book Description
Agricultural biomass is abundant worldwide and it can be considered as alternative source of renewable and sustainable materials which can be used as potential materials for different applications. Despite this enormous production of agricultural biomass, only a small fraction of the total biomass is utilized for different applications. Industry must be prepared to take advantage of the situation and utilize the available biomass in the best possible manner. Agricultural biomass such as natural fibres has been successfully investigated as a great potential to be used as a renewable and sustainable materials for the production of composite materials. Natural fibres offer excellent specific properties and have potential as outstanding reinforcing fillers in the matrix and can be used as an alternative material for biocomposites, hybrid composites, pulp, and paper industries. Natural fibre based polymer composites made of jute, oil palm, flex, hemp, kenaf have a low market cost, attractive with respect to global sustainability and find increasing commercial use in different applications. Agricultural biomass based composites find applications in a number of fields viz., automotive industry and construction industry. Future research on agricultural biomass-natural fibre based composites should not only be limited to its automotive applications but can be explored for its application in aircraft components, construction industry, rural housing and biomedical applications. In this book we will cover the chemical, physical, thermal, electrical, and biodegradability properties of agricultural biomass based composite materials and its different potential applications. The main goal of this volume is to familiarize researchers, scientists and engineers with the unique research opportunities and potentials of agricultural biomass based materials. Up-to-date information on alternative biomass utilization Academic and industry leaders discuss unique properties of biomass based composite materials Direct application of agricultural biomass materials as sustainable and renewable alternatives
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 2566
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Book Description
Author: Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981334749X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.
Author: Johannes Lehmann
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136571213
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.
Author: Martin Gummert
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030323730
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
This open access book on straw management aims to provide a wide array of options for rice straw management that are potentially more sustainable, environmental, and profitable compared to current practice. The book is authored by expert researchers, engineers and innovators working on a range of straw management options with case studies from Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambodia. The book is written for engineers and researchers in order to provide them information on current good practice and the gaps and constraints that require further research and innovation. The book is also aimed at extension workers and farmers to help them decide on the best alternative straw management options in their area by presenting both the technological options as well as the value chains and business models required to make them work. The book will also be useful for policy makers, required by public opinion to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, looking for research-based evidence to guide the policies they develop and implement.
Author: Poonam Singh-Nee Nigam
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402099428
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
Residues from agriculture and the food industry consist of many and varied wastes, in total accounting for over 250 million tonnes of waste per year in the UK alone. Biotechnological processing of these residues would allow these waste products to be used as a resource, with tremendous potential. An extensive range of valuable and usable products can be recovered from what was previously considered waste: including fuels, feeds and pharmaceutical products. In this way Biotechnology can offer many viable alternatives to the disposal of agricultural waste, producing several new products in the process. This book presents up-to-date information on a biotechnology approach for the utilisation of agro-industrial residues, presenting chapters with detailed information on materials and bioconversion technology to obtain products of economic importance: The production of industrial products using agro-industrial residues as substrates The biotechnological potential of agro-industrial residues for bioprocesses Enzymes degrading agro-industrial residues and their production Bioconversion of agro-industrial residues. Written by experts in Biotechnological processing of Agro-Industrial Residues, this book will provide useful information for academic researchers and industry scientists working in biotechnology, waste management, agriculture and the food industry.
Author: Harinder P.S. Makkar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402037910
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 221
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Book Description
Asaresultofvarioushumanactivities,suchasincreaseinhumanpopulation,decrease in arable land due to soil degradation, urbanization, industrialization and associated increase in the demand for livestock products, dramatic changes are occurring in the global ruminant livestock sector. These changes includeshift inthesize of regional livestock populations and in the types of management and feeding systems under which ruminant livestock are held, and increased demand of a wider range of quality attributes from animal agriculture, not just of the products themselves but also of the methods used in their production. The livestock sector will need to respond to newchallengesofincreasinglivestockproductivitywhileprotectingenvironmentand human health and conservingbiodiversity and natural resources. The micro-organisms in the digestive tracts of ruminant livestock have a profound in?uence on the conversion offeedinto end products, which can impact on the- imal and theenvironment. As the livestock sector grows particularly in developing countries, there will be an increasing need to understand these processes for b- ter management and use ofbothfeed and other natural resources that underpinthe development of sustainable feeding systems.
