Statistical Analysis of the Stress-Energy Methodology Applied to Cushion Curve Determination PDF Download
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Author: Kendalyn Paulin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curves
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
The stress-energy method is a proposed alternative to ASTM D1596 that reduces all drop height, thickness, and static load combinations into a single equation that can be used to generate any reasonable cushion curve for a particular material. There remains a question as to how accurately the stress-energy method can predict deceleration values and whether it is statistically comparable to the method described in ASTM D1596. There are three phases to this research that attempt to determine the accuracy of the stress-energy method: gathering data using the stress-energy method and analyzing the goodness of fit of the stress-energy equation, predicting a cushion curve and observing the upper and lower bounds for a given drop height and thickness, and using ASTM D1596 to create a cushion curve with the same drop height and thickness and comparing it to the predicted cushion curve. Analyzing ten stress-energy data sets using the root mean square error in addition to the coefficient of determination provided a more thorough goodness of fit analysis. Utilizing the stress-energy method to predict cushion curves produced minimal errors and similar decelerations when compared to six actual cushion curve data sets.
Author: Kendalyn Paulin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curves
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
The stress-energy method is a proposed alternative to ASTM D1596 that reduces all drop height, thickness, and static load combinations into a single equation that can be used to generate any reasonable cushion curve for a particular material. There remains a question as to how accurately the stress-energy method can predict deceleration values and whether it is statistically comparable to the method described in ASTM D1596. There are three phases to this research that attempt to determine the accuracy of the stress-energy method: gathering data using the stress-energy method and analyzing the goodness of fit of the stress-energy equation, predicting a cushion curve and observing the upper and lower bounds for a given drop height and thickness, and using ASTM D1596 to create a cushion curve with the same drop height and thickness and comparing it to the predicted cushion curve. Analyzing ten stress-energy data sets using the root mean square error in addition to the coefficient of determination provided a more thorough goodness of fit analysis. Utilizing the stress-energy method to predict cushion curves produced minimal errors and similar decelerations when compared to six actual cushion curve data sets.
Author: J. Singh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curves
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Mechanical stresses experienced by packages in the distribution environment include shock and vibration amongst several others. The destructive effects of these hazards can typically be restricted by using cushioning materials to help protect fragile goods during distribution. ASTM D1596 is the conventional standard used to determine shock absorbing performance of a cushioning material for a given combination of static loading, thickness, and drop height. This industry-accepted standard, however, requires significant amounts of transmitted shock data and can be expensive with respect to costs associated with testing and materials amongst others. Alternate stress-energy-based methodologies, developed in the past decade, recommending a considerable reduction in the number of drop tests while providing the ability to predict transmitted shock for any drop height, static loading as well as cushion thickness, are evaluated in this study for their stated accuracy. Based upon an in-depth evaluation of dynamic cushion curves for closed cell moldable foams generated using ASTM D1596, this research evaluates the accuracy of the proposed methodology in relation to the prediction of transmitted shock. Results show that the stress-energy methods while saving time in predicting transmitted shock, produce higher degrees of error than the ±5 % previously stated. In addition, they cannot predict behavior of cushions, and transmitted shock at high drop heights and static loadings with thin cushions, where only the measured values are accurate.
Author: Matthew Daum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curves
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Book Description
To help the dynamic stress versus energy method for constructing cushion curves gain more commercial acceptance, this paper presents two improvements to previous work. First is the reporting of stress-energy equations (A and B values) for several more commercially available cushion materials. Second is a simplified method for manipulating and displaying the stress-energy equation using a common spreadsheet program. This simplified method makes cushion curves dynamic and accessible without the need for a programming language, and presents the results in industry-standard format. Combining these two components help make the stress-energy method more accessible for packaging engineers working in industry.
Author: Matthew Daum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curve
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
In recent years a simplified method for generating cushion curves, called stress-energy, has been presented as an alternative to ASTM D1596. A frequent question regarding the stress-energy method is the accuracy of the predicted deceleration compared to actual deceleration. This study compares the predicted deceleration values from the stress-energy method to the actual deceleration values collected from the ASTM D1596 test method for several data sets of EPS and EPE molded foam. Results show the average difference between the stress-energy predicted deceleration and the actual ASTM D1596 deceleration values to be 10 % or less for 144.2 kg/m3 EPE. Evaluating 20.0 kg/m3 EPS, the average difference between predicted and actual deceleration values is about 12 % or less. The study also found drop to drop deceleration to vary widely, so average actual deceleration was also evaluated compared to the predicted stress-energy deceleration. As a result, both the EPE and EPS predicted deceleration can be shown to be within ±10% of the actual averaged deceleration, an accuracy useful for practical application.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 836
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: An-Bin Huang
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351255398
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 601
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Book Description
One of the core roles of a practising geotechnical engineer is to analyse and design foundations. This textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students covers the analysis, design and construction of shallow and deep foundations and retaining structures as well as the stability analysis and mitigation of slopes. It progressively introduces critical state soil mechanics and plasticity theories such as plastic limit analysis and cavity expansion theories before leading into the theories of foundation, lateral earth pressure and slope stability analysis. On the engineering side, the book introduces construction and testing methods used in current practice. Throughout it emphasizes the connection between theory and practice. It prepares readers for the more sophisticated non-linear elastic-plastic analysis in foundation engineering which is commonly used in engineering practice, and serves too as a reference book for practising engineers. A companion website provides a series of Excel spreadsheet programs to cover all examples included in the book, and PowerPoint lecture slides and a solutions manual for lecturers. Using Excel, the relationships between the input parameters and the design and analysis results can be seen. Numerical values of complex equations can be calculated quickly. non-linearity and optimization can be brought in more easily to employ functioned numerical methods. And sophisticated methods can be seen in practice, such as p-y curve for laterally loaded piles and flexible retaining structures, and methods of slices for slope stability analysis.
Author: Pengfei Zhao
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811076294
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 932
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Book Description
This book includes a selection of reviewed papers presented at the 49th Conference of the International Circle of Educational Institutes for Graphic Arts Technology and Management & 8th China Academic Conference on Printing and Packaging, which was held on May 14-16, 2017 in Beijing, China. The conference was jointly organized by the Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, China Academy of Printing Technology, and International Circle of Educational Institutes for Graphic Arts Technology and Management. With eight keynote talks and 200 presented papers on graphic communication and packaging technologies, the event attracted more than 400 scientists. The proceedings cover the latest advances in color science and technology; image processing technology; digital media technology; digital process management technology in packaging; packaging, etc., and will be of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in the graphic arts, packaging, color science, image science, material science, computer science, digital media and network technology.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mechanics, Applied
Languages : en
Pages : 1090
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Shock (Mechanics)
Languages : en
Pages : 1478
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Book Description
