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Author: Ida Minerva Tarbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 924
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Book Description
Author: Ida Minerva Tarbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 924
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Book Description
Author: Jon Wlasiuk
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN: 0822983249
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
The Standard Oil Company emerged out of obscurity in the 1860s to capture 90 percent of the petroleum refining industry in the United States during the Gilded Age. John D. Rockefeller, the company’s founder, organized the company around an almost religious dedication to principles of efficiency. Economic success masked the dark side of efficiency as Standard Oil dumped oil waste into public waterways, filled the urban atmosphere with acrid smoke, and created a consumer safety crisis by selling kerosene below congressional standards. Local governments, guided by a desire to favor the interests of business, deployed elaborate engineering solutions to tackle petroleum pollution at taxpayer expense rather than heed public calls to abate waste streams at their source. Only when refinery pollutants threatened the health of the Great Lakes in the twentieth century did the federal government respond to a nascent environmental movement. Organized around the four classical elements at the core of Standard Oil’s success (earth, air, fire, and water), Refining Nature provides an ecological context for the rise of one of the most important corporations in American history.
Author: Ida Minerva Tarbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Author: Paul Henry Giddens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Petroleum industry and trade
Languages : en
Pages : 840
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Book Description
Author: Danny Schechter
Publisher: Cosimo, Inc.
ISBN: 1605203157
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Schechter calls for an investigation of those behind the engineered subprime scheme and indicts the regulators who enabled the crisis and the media that missed it. He advocates a debt-relief movement in America and argues that such a movement would resonate across the political spectrum.
Author: Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781984950406
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
*Includes pictures *Includes Rockefeller's quotes about Standard Oil *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "The secret to success is to do the common things uncommonly well." - John D. Rockefeller The discovery of rich dark pools of oil residing in the pockets beneath humanity's feet remains one of the most pivotal revelations in all of history. Crude oil, a type of fossil fuel, is found swimming near the surface in tar sands and in the cracks of sedimentary rocks. These underground jackpots are used to create petroleum products across the globe, from gasoline and different fuels to heating oils, lubricating oils, and asphalt. For centuries, humans have been combing the lands in search of the lucrative resource; after all, there is a reason they call it "black gold." Historical records show that humanity has known the importance of oil since the beginning of time. Traces of natural bitumen (a crucial component of asphalt) were found on 40,000-year-old stone tools unearthed in Syrian Neanderthal sites. According to Greek historian, Herodotus, asphalt taken from ancient oil pits and river banks near Ardericca were utilized in the construction of the Babylon towers. Meanwhile, across the globe, bitumen was used as an embalming substance for Egyptian mummies. The earliest oil drilled oil wells were found in the Sichuan Province of China in 347 CE. These primitive wells ran up to 800-ft deep, and were dug up by a manual rig still used in rural areas today. The apparatus was made of sturdy pipe bamboo and a sharp iron drill attached to it. A group of 2 or more men operated the machine. Some stood on the wooden lever, which activated the pulley system. The machine hoisted the drill stem off the ground and back into the ground repeatedly, slowly breaking through the earth. 10th century hand-dug wells were also stumbled upon in Oman, Yemen, Sicily, and surrounding territories. Oil exploration eventually made its way to North America in the 17th century. Natural oil seeps found in New York attracted the attention of many beyond the seas, including a Franciscan missionary, Father Joseph De La Roche d'Aillon. Over a century later, Peter Kalm charted a map of the Pennsylvania oil seeps in 1753. Curious German missionaries recounted the oil wells prevalent in North America, which led to a boost in international trade. In 1790, a man named Nathaniel Carey became one of the first to use the process of "oil skimming," which is to extract oil floating on the surface of water. Carey capitalized on the skimmed oil from the seeps in Titusville, Pennsylvania, gathering the oil in small barrels and hopping on his horse to make the deliveries. The oil seeps in Titusville were later dubbed "Oil Creek." As the United States entered the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, the thirst for oil was at its peak. In 1859, a man named Edwin Drake made history when he erected the first drilled oil well in the United States. His steam-powered rig bore a 69-ft hole in the ground, boasting production of 25 barrels a day. By the next year, 40 kerosene plants had cropped up across the nation. That year, plants in the United States saw production of 500,000 barrels. The next year, that number had skyrocketed to 2.1 million. The oil boom revitalized the nation's people. Everyone wanted to dip their toes in the pools of black gold. It would not be long before a young man by the name of John D. Rockefeller got wind of the news, and like many others, he was intrigued. With the help of his brother and 2 other partners, Rockefeller created the legendary, and perhaps infamous, Standard Oil Company. Little did anyone know, this very corporation would soon hold the reins of the industry. Standard Oil Company: The History and Legacy of America's Most Famous Monopoly examines the history of Rockefeller's infamous company.
Author: Irvine H. Anderson Jr.
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400867002
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Oil was a basic source of conflict between the United States and Japan. This book examines the role played by the Standard-Vacuum Oil Company in the crisis that led to Pearl Harbor. "Stanvac" was the largest American supplier of oil to Japan and represented the single largest American direct investment in Asia before the war. In the context of Stanvac's relations with various governments, the author examines the ways in which United States petroleum policy was formulated and the arrangements by which Japan sought to increase its oil reserves. He provides new insight into the impact of the financial freeze of July 1941, the origins of the Pacific War, and the complexities of oil diplomacy. Originally published in 1975. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author: Ida M. Tarbell
Publisher: DigiCat
ISBN:
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
This is an autobiography of Ida Minerva Tarbell, an American writer, investigative journalist, biographer, and lecturer. She was one of the leading muckrakers of the Progressive Era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and pioneered investigative journalism. Tarbell is best known for her 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil Company, which contributed to the dissolution of the Standard Oil monopoly and helped usher in the Hepburn Act of 1906, the Mann-Elkins Act, the creation of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Clayton Antitrust Act.
Author: Deborah Gordon
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190069473
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
"The next decade will be decisive in the fight against climate change. It will be impossible to hold the planet to a 1.5o C temperature rise without controlling methane and CO2 emissions from the oil and gas sector. Contrary to popular belief, the world will not run out of these resources anytime soon. Instead, oil and gas are becoming more climate-intensive to supply using technologies like fracking oil and liquefying gas-even as we continue to use these abundant resources to fuel our cars, heat our homes, and produce consumer goods like shampoo, pajamas, and paint. Policymakers, financial investors, environmental advocates, and citizens need to understand what oils and fossil fuels are doing to our climate to inform decisionmaking. In No Standard Oil, Deborah Gordon shows that no two oils or gases are environmentally alike. Each has a distinct, quantifiable climate impact. While all oils and gases pollute, some are much worse for the climate than others. In clear, accessible language, Gordon explains the results of the Oil Climate Index Plus Gas (OCI+), an innovative, open-source model that estimates global oil and gas greenhouse gas emissions. Gordon identifies the oils and gases from every region of the globe-along with the specific production, processing, and refining activities-that are the most damaging to the planet, and proposes innovative solutions to reduce their climate footprints. Global climate stabilization cannot afford to wait for oil and gas to run out. No Standard Oil shows how we can take immediate, practical steps to cut greenhouse gas emissions in the crucial oil and gas sector while making sustainable progress in transitioning to a carbon-free energy future"--
Author: Elizabeth Catte
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781953368195
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"Between 1927 and 1979, more than 8,000 people were involuntarily sterilized in five hospitals across the state of Virginia. From this plain and terrible fact springs Elizabeth Catte's Pure America, a sweeping, unsparing history of eugenics in Virginia, and by extension the United States. Virginia's twentieth-century eugenics program was a manifestation of white supremacy, a means of controlling "troublesome" women and a philosophy that helped remove poor people from valuable land."--
