Stable Chlorine Isotope Variations in the Atmosphere PDF Download
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Author: Christopher Michael Volpe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Author: Christopher Michael Volpe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Author: Hans Eggenkamp
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642285066
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
This book provides detailed information on the history, analysis and applications of chlorine and bromine isotope geochemistry. Chlorine and bromine are geochemically unique as they prefer to exist as single charged negative ions. For this reason isotope fractionation reflects mostly processes that are not related to changes in the redox state and this fractionation is generally modest. The book will describe the processes that are most easily detected using these isotopes. Also isotope variations, and processes that cause them, measured in oxidised species such as perchlorates and in organic molecules will be described in this book.
Author: H.G.M. Eggenkamp
Publisher: Onderzoek en Beleving
ISBN: 9081605933
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
"The geochemistry of chlorine isotopes" describes Hans Eggenkamp's studies to obtain his PhD degree at Utrecht University. It describes methods to measure stable chlorine isotope variations in different types of natural samples, theoretical fractionation as the result of diffusion and about ten case studies showing chlorine isotope fractionation in natural systems. In these case studies it was discovered that chlorine stable isotopes fractionate only little, although systematically, in processes such as salt precipitation and diffusion. Variations found in natural samples reflect as such in most cases processes that take place within (larger) reservoirs. The main purpose of the project was to develop procedures to measure stable chlorine isotope compositions in different sample types and to study variations therein. The study gives a good overview of the knowledge on stable chlorine isotope geochemistry at the moment of its original publication in 1994.
Author: Jochen Hoefs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540707034
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Stable Isotope Geochemistry is an introduction to the use of stable isotopes in the geosciences. It is subdivided into three parts: theoretical and experimental principles; fractionation processes of light and heavy elements; the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. Since the application of stable isotopes to earth sciences has grown in the last few years, a new edition appears necessary. Recent progress in analysing the rare isotopes of certain elements for instance allow the distinction between mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionations. Special emphasis has been given to the growing field of "heavy" elements. Many new references have been added, which will enable quick access to recent literature. For students and scientists alike the book will be a primary source of information with regard to how and where stable isotopes can be used to solve geological problems.
Author: Hermanus Gerardus Maria Eggenkamp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Author: Tyler B. Coplen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic weight uncertainties.
Author: William M. White
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319393117
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1680
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Book Description
The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 200 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and citation indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary.
Author: Pradeep K. Aggarwal
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402066719
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive pollution of water
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Author: Jeffrey Todd Cullen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
The stable isotope compositions (chlorine, oxygen, and hydrogen), major anion concentrations, and major/minor cation concentrations of 37 thermal (any spring water with temperature at least 6.5° C above mean ambient air temperature) and mineral springs from the Cascade volcanic arc system were measured in order to better determine chlorine sources within the Cascades hydrothermal systems, and thus place better constraints on halogen flux through the subduction zone. Typically, most subduction zone flux calculations have been limited to the study of the erupted magmas and gases from fumarole vents, yet magmatic discharge through thermal springs may be considerable, particularly those in the often ignored forearc. Additionally, 9 geochemically well characterized lavas from across the Mt. St. Helens/Mt. Adams region of the Cascade arc (Leeman et al. 2001, 2005) were analyzed for their halogen concentrations, as well as their Cl stable isotope composition. Cl concentrations in the thermal springs range from 6 to 13,850 ppm and have [delta]37Cl values that range from -0.1% to + 1.9% (average = +0.8 ± 0.4%; error = ± 0.2%), with no systematic variation along or across the arc. The slightly positive values (~0.0 to +0.9%) may be explained by fluid-rock interaction with underlying lithologic units, such as 37Cl-enriched volcanic sequences, and/or serpentinites or oceanic crust of accreted oceanic terranes. Another process possibly contributing to these positive [delta]37Cl values, particularly those with [delta]37Cl > 1%, is magmatic HCl fractionation during degassing generating an enriched 37Cl vapor which mixes with thermal waters. We cannot completely rule out slab-derived altered oceanic crustal chlorine that has degassed into the springs, although most slab Cl is believed to have already been devolatilized from the slab before reaching sub-arc depths corresponding to longitudes where these springs are located at the surface. Lavas from the Columbia transect across the arc exhibit highest Cl concentrations at the volcanic front compared to the forearc and backarc. Br, like Cl, exhibits highest concentrations along the volcanic front. F and I show a progressive decrease in concentration from forearc to backarc which may demonstrate the putative early surge of fluids/fluid mobile element loss early in subduction at relatively shallow depth. [delta]37Cl values range from -0.1 to +0.8% (error = ± 0.2%) and may reflect a component of assimilation of crustal material, or is derived from an enriched mantle, although we cannot completely rule out some isotopic fractionation and/or slab-derived chlorine.
