St. Marys River Ice Booms PDF Download
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Author: Roscoe E. Perham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Roscoe E. Perham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 40
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Roscoe E. Perham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice navigation
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice on rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
Author: Roscoe E. Perham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice on rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Roscoe E. Perham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A set of two ice booms with a 250-ft (76-m)-wide navigation opening between them was designed to stabilize the ice cover in the harbor at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Ontario, and to reduce the ice losses associated with winter navigation of ships on the St. Marys River. The forces from natural effects on the ice cover were predicted using existing theory and physical data for the area. The forces in the boom structure resulting from ice cover and boom interaction were estimated. When the ice booms were installed, force measurement systems were put into selected anchor cables. These systems were operated all winter in conjunction with a modest program of supplemental data gathering. The force data exhibited periods when the force distribution was in good agreement with predictions and periods when the effect of the ice on the booms differed substantially from predictions. Sometimes passing ships had a substantial effect on the ice cover and the boom loads, and at other times, the effect was negligible. The direction of travel made little difference on average peak loads. The maximum loads on the booms resulted from natural occurrences.
Author: Roscoe E. Perham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
The ice booms on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Ontario, were operated a second winter, 1976-77, under colder conditions, with less water flow, lower water levels, and 25% fewer ships in the river than during the previous year. The ice cover behind the booms remained frozen to shore for longer periods, and the loads registered in the booms were relatively unaffected by ship passages compared with the previous year's activity. As in the previous year, most structural load changes took place in the west ice boom and were due to movements of the ice cover immediately upstream of the boom. The cover broke free from shore on three occasions: the first and third occasions were minor events, but on the second occasion the cover cracked free, the timbers remained frozen to it, and the boom structure became damaged by the subsequent ice activity. Three anchor line assemblies broke over a period of about 4 hours; the two latter breaks occurred while a ship was operating in the ice. The first break was in an instrumented line and the measured load was unexpectedly low. The most important break was in the main shore anchor and this opened the boom. The maximum force at this anchor was estimated as less than 115 tons (1,023 kN). Some ice moved downstream without serious consequence and the boom was reconnected in two days. These events point out several factors to be considered in ice booms, such as designing the booms to withstand the action of the solid ice cover as well as the fragmented ice cover, keeping the structures and their assembly simple, and inspecting components and assemblies carefully. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Detroit District
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice on rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Author: Roscoe E. Perham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice navigation
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Ice problems developed in the Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, portion of the St. Marys River because of winter navigation Passing ships and natural influences moved ice from Soo Harbor into Little Rapids Cut in sufficient quantities to jam, cause high water in the harbor, and prevent further ship passage. After physical model and engineering studies, two ice booms with a total span of 1375 ft (419 m) with a 250-ft (76-m) navigation opening between were installed at the head of Little Rapids Cut in 1975. A modest field study program on the booms was conducted for the ensuring four winters to determine ice and boom interaction and the effects of ship passages on the system. Forces on some anchors were recorded and supplemental data were taken by local personnel. Several reports have been written about the booms' early operations. This paper presents four-year summary of the main effects of the booms on ice and ship interaction and vice versa. Throughout the four winter seasons, the small quantities of ice lost over and between the booms were manageable. Ships usually passed through the boom without influencing the boom force levels, but at time they brought about large changes. One boom needed strengthening, and artificial islands were added for upstream ice stability. Coast Guard icebreakers were also a necessary part of winter navigation in this area.
