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Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 142890378X
Category : Electronic government information
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 142890378X
Category : Electronic government information
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Environmental Protection Agency EPA : Office of Research and Development
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Thomas M. Crisp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309297575
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
Potential health effects from chemicals that disrupt endocrine function pose an environmental health concern because of their ability to interfere with normal hormone function in human and wildlife populations. The endocrine system regulates biological processes throughout the body and is sensitive to small changes in hormone concentrations. Endocrine-disruptor research has focused primarily on chemicals that affect three hormone pathways that play important roles in reproduction and development - the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways. Some of this research has identified dose-response relationships that have nonmonotonic curves. Nonmonotonic dose-response curves (NMDRs) are of concern because they do not follow the usual assumption made in toxicology that as dose decreases the response also decreases. The existence of NMDRs has been a controversial topic for decades, and there has been considerable debate about their implications for how chemicals are tested and for how risks from such chemicals are assessed. Toxicity tests are designed to identify hazards and to characterize dose-response relationships, so tests are aimed at finding a (high) dose that elicits a response, and dose-response is explored by testing lower doses spaced to identify statistically a no- or lowest-observed-adverse-effect level. The concern for NMDRs is that such studies, as currently designed, might not detect the inflection of the dose-response curve if only a few doses are tested or if the change in inflection occurs below the range of doses tested. Another concern is that some NMDRs are found for biological effects that are not usually evaluated in toxicity tests. If current testing strategies are inadequate to account for NMDRs, changes to risk assessment practices might be necessary. To help address these issues, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a draft State-of-the-Science Evaluation: Nonmonotonic Dose Responses as they Apply to Estrogen, Androgen, and Thyroid Pathways and EPA Testing and Assessment Procedures. EPA asked the National Research Council to conduct an independent review of this evaluation to ensure that it is scientifically sound and of high quality. Review of Environmental Protection Agency's State-of-the-Science Evaluation of Nonmonotonic Dose-Response as they Apply to Endocrine Disrupters evaluates whether EPA's evaluation presents a scientifically sound and high-quality analysis of the literature on NMDRs. This report reviews how well the EPA evaluation described how the assessment was performed, whether consistent methods and criteria were applied in the analysis of different evidence streams, and whether appropriate methods were applied to evaluating the evidence. The report makes recommendations to improve EPA's process and strengthen the evaluation.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Endocrine glands
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Ahmed R. G.
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789841518
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
The World Health Organization estimated that each year there are more than 13 million deaths caused by environmental causes. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during development may cause long-term health outcomes. This book, Endocrine Disruptors, includes eight chapters that illustrate potential endocrine-disrupting activities in water, sediments, crops, animals, and humans. This book assesses the relationship between the EDCs and development, reproduction, or obesity. Finally, detection of the levels of EDCs by autobioluminescent cellular bioreporters is discussed. Scientists, physicians, neuroendocrinologists, neurotoxicologists, and lay readers who have engaged in EDC studies or practice will discover that this book offers insight into all areas of EDC research.
Author: AJ. Duggan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Endocrine disruption
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
There is growing controversy that low-level exposures to chemicals and pesticides have caused increased incidences of reproductive system cancers, developmental abnormalities and physical deformities in wildlife and humans. Substances that cause these effects are called endocrine disrupters. The science to address endocrine issues is still developing, but poignant publications, such as Theo Colborn's Our Stolen Future, have fueled the controversy and increased public awareness about endocrine issues. EPA recently issued the "Special Report on Endocrine Disruption: An Effects Assessment and Analysis Document." The report concluded that environmental contaminants can adversely affect animals and wildlife, but more research is warranted to determine the causal relationship between exposure and adverse health effects in humans. In August 1996, Congress enacted legislation that directed EPA to implement, by August 1999, a screening and testing program to evaluate chemicals and pesticides for endocrine effects. In October 1996, EPA convened a Federal Advisory Committee, EDSTAC (Endocrine Disrupter Screening and Testing Advisory Committee), of stakeholders and scientists from various activist groups, government and industry to assist them in the process.
Author: Leo M. L. Nollet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470961848
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food provides a unique and comprehensive professional reference source covering most of the recent analytical methodology of endocrine disrupting compounds in food. Editor Nollet and his broad team of international contributors address the most recent advances in analysis of endocrine disrupting chemicals in food. While covering conventional (typically lab-based) methods of analysis, the book focuses on leading-edge technologies that recently have been introduced. The book looks at areas such as food quality assurance and safety. Issues such as persistent organic pollutants, monitoring pesticide and herbicide residues in food, determining heavy and other metals in food and discussing the impacts of dioxins, PCBs, PCDFs and many other suspected chemicals are covered. The book discusses the relationship between chemical compounds and hormone activity. What are the health impacts of different chemical compounds for men and animals? How are these compounds entering in foodstuffs? Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food offers the food professional what its title promises – a compendium of sample preparation and analysis techniques of possible endocrine disrupting compounds in food. Special Features: Uniquely concentrates on analysis and detection methods of EDCs in foodstuffs Extensive coverage of the main types of globally available analytical techniques and methodologies Fully detailed properties, sample procedures, and analysis steps for each EDC Renowned editor Leo Nollet leads a broad team of international experts
Author: Sushil K. Khetan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118852931
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment A concise and engaging overview of endocrine disruption phenomena that brings complex concepts within the reach of non-specialists For most of the last decade, the science of endocrine disruption has evolved with more definitive evidence of its damaging potential to health and environment. This book lists the major environmental chemicals of concern and their mechanism of endocrine disruption including remedial measures for them. Divided into three parts, Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment begins with an overview of the endocrine system and endocrine disruptors, discussing their salient features and presenting a historical perspective of endocrine disruption phenomena. It then goes on to cover hormone- signaling mechanisms, followed by various broad classes of putative endocrine disruptors, before introducing readers to environmental epigenetic modifications. Part two of the book focuses on removal processes of various EDCs by biotic and abiotic transformation/degradation. The last section consists of four chapters embracing themes on finding solutions to environmental EDCs—including their detection, regulation, replacement, and remediation. Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is the first book to detail the endocrine effects of several known environmental contaminants and their mechanism of endocrine disruption. Additionally, it: Covers both the chemistry and biology of endocrine disruption and compiles almost all the known endocrine disrupting environmental chemicals and their mechanisms of toxicity Addresses policy and regulatory issues relevant to EDCs including scientific uncertainty and precautionary policy Brings forth the use of Green Chemistry principles in avoiding endocrine disruption in the designing and screening for safer chemicals and remediation of the EDCs in aquatic environment Includes a useful glossary of technical terms, a list of acronyms, topical references, and a subject index Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is an ideal book for environmental chemists and endocrine toxicologists, developmental biologists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, environmental health scientists and advocates, and regulatory officials tasked with risk assessment in environment and health areas.
