Spatial Variation of Dissolved Organic Carbon Along Streams in Swedish Boreal Catchments PDF Download
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Author: Johan Temnerud
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789176684375
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Author: Johan Temnerud
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789176684375
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Author: Anneli Ågren
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789172643727
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
Author: The BACC II Author Team
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319160060
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
Author: American Geophysical Union. Joint Assembly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
Author: Ellen Wohl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118671686
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 723
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Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 19. What are the forms and processes characteristic of mountain rivers and how do we know them? Mountain Rivers Revisited, an expanded and updated version of the earlier volume Mountain Rivers, answers these questions and more. Here is the only comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge about mountain rivers available. While continuing to focus on physical process and form in mountain rivers, the text also addresses the influences of tectonics, climate, and land use on rivers, as well as water chemistry, hyporheic exchange, and riparian and aquatic ecology. With its numerous illustrations and references, hydrologists, geomorphologists, civil and environmental engineers, ecologists, resource planners, and their students will find this book an essential resource. Ellen Wohl received her Ph.D. in geology in 1988 from the University of Arizona. Since then, she has worked primarily on mountain and bedrock rivers in diverse environments.
Author: Philips Olugbemiga Akinwole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Sedimentary microbial communities play a critical ecological role in lotic ecosystems and are responsible for numerous biogeochemical transformations, including dissolved organic matter (DOM) uptake, degradation, and mineralization. The goals of this study were to elucidate the benthic microbes responsible for utilization of humic DOM in streams and to assess overall variability in microbial biomass and community structure over time and across multiple spatial scales in stream networks, as DOM quality and quantity will likely change with stream order. In Chapter 2, multiple spatial patterns of microbial biomass and community structure were examined in stream sediments from two watersheds; the Neversink River watershed (NY; 1st, 3rd and 5th order streams sampled) and the White Clay Creek watershed (PA; 1st through 3rd order streams sampled). Microbial biomass and community structure were estimated by phospholipid phosphate and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analyses. Multivariate analysis showed that sedimentary C:N ratios, percent carbon, sediment surface area and percent water content explained 68% of the variations in total microbial biomass. Overall, the magnitude of within stream variation in microbial biomass was small compared to the variability noted among streams and between watersheds. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PLFA profiles showed that microbial community structure displayed a distinct watershed-level biogeography, as well as variation along a stream order gradient. Chapter 3 demonstrated that benthic microbial biomass was seasonally dynamic and significantly correlated to a combination of high and low flood pulse counts, variability in daily flow and DOC concentration in the White Clay Creek. Additionally, the seasonal pattern of variation observed in microbial community structure was as a result of shift between the ratios of prokaryotic to eukaryotic component of the community. This shift was significantly correlated with seasonal changes in median daily flow, high and low flood pulse counts, DOC concentrations and water temperature. Compound-specific 13C analysis of PLFA showed that both bacterial and microeukaryotic stable carbon isotope ratios were heaviest in the spring and lightest in autumn or winter. Bacterial lipids were isotopically depleted on average by 2 - 5 / relative to δ13C of total organic carbon suggesting bacterial consumption of allochthonous organic matter, and enriched relative to δ13C algae-derived carbon source. In Chapter 4, heterotrophic microbes that metabolize humic DOM in a third-order stream were identified through trace-additions of 13C-labeled tree tissue leachate (13C-DOC) into stream sediment mesocosms. Microbial community structure was assessed using PLFA biomarkers, and metabolically active members were identified through 13C-PLFA analysis (PLFA-SIP). Comparison by PCA of the microbial communities in stream sediments and stream sediments incubated in both the presence and absence of 13C-DOC showed our mesocosm-based experimental design as sufficiently robust to investigate the utilization of 13C-DOC by sediment microbial communities. After 48 hours of incubation, PLFA-SIP identified heterotrophic α, β, and γ- proteobacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria as the organisms primarily responsible for humic DOC consumption in streams and heterotrophic microeucaryotes as their predators. The evidence presented in this study shows a complex relationship between microbial community structure, environmental heterogeneity and utilization of humic DOC, indicating that humic DOC quality and quantity along with other hydro-ecological variables should be considered among the important factors that structure benthic microbial communities in lotic ecosystems.
Author: Thomas S. Bianchi
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400839106
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
This textbook provides a unique and thorough look at the application of chemical biomarkers to aquatic ecosystems. Defining a chemical biomarker as a compound that can be linked to particular sources of organic matter identified in the sediment record, the book indicates that the application of these biomarkers for an understanding of aquatic ecosystems consists of a biogeochemical approach that has been quite successful but underused. This book offers a wide-ranging guide to the broad diversity of these chemical biomarkers, is the first to be structured around the compounds themselves, and examines them in a connected and comprehensive way. This timely book is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking training in this area; researchers in biochemistry, organic geochemistry, and biogeochemistry; researchers working on aspects of organic cycling in aquatic ecosystems; and paleoceanographers, petroleum geologists, and ecologists. Provides a guide to the broad diversity of chemical biomarkers in aquatic environments The first textbook to be structured around the compounds themselves Describes the structure, biochemical synthesis, analysis, and reactivity of each class of biomarkers Offers a selection of relevant applications to aquatic systems, including lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans, and paleoenvironments Demonstrates the utility of using organic molecules as tracers of processes occurring in aquatic ecosystems, both modern and ancient
Author: E.M. Thurman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789024731435
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon. Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research of organic compounds, of new methods of analysis (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 882
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Book Description
Author: Thomas Adler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acid pollution of rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Variability in export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from forested headwater catchments has been attributed to an array of hydrologic, biotic and geochemical drivers. In the Northeast United States specifically, one of the most commonly cited drivers is recovery from acid rain. A major challenge in understanding DOC dynamics has been relating long-term regional trends and patterns to catchment-scale processes and we address this challenge by integrating data driven and experimental methods to analyze trends and processes across spatial scales. On the regional scale, we quantify long-term trends of stream DOC concentrations in USGS headwater catchments with flow adjusted Seasonal Kendall tests. We then compared trend results to catchment attributes compiled in a comprehensive and publicly available dataset (i.e. Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies (CAMELS)). Our trend analyses showed notable spatial and temporal variability in export patterns across the Northeast United States. Only for data prior to 2004 increasing stream DOC correlated with decreasing atmospheric sulfate deposition, confirming a transient effect of recovery from acidification. Investigation of climatic, topographic and hydrologic catchment attributes vs. directionality of DOC indicated that soil depth and catchment connectivity as additional driver of DOC exports. At the catchment scale, we tested specific process hypotheses on the role of changes in rain composition (ionic strength (IS) and pH variations) on soils in highly connected riparian vs. disconnected hillslope soils. We performed leaching experiments in replicate on top-soil cores from two forested headwater catchments in the Northeast, the SSHCZO in Pennsylvania and the SRRW in Vermont. These catchments were subjected to sulfate deposition and are now recovering. Compared to SSHCZO, SRRW soils released more DOC under neutral pH and low IS conditions (i.e. recovering conditions); scanning electron microscope imaging indicates a significant DOC contribution from destabilizing soil aggregates. Furthermore, soils from less hydrologically connected landscape positions released significantly more DOC in most cases, confirming the important role landscape position in DOC generation. Overall, our results at regional and local scales are consistent and link local process explanations to regional patterns.
