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Author: Don F. Fenner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
The sound speed structure of the western South Atlantic Ocean is far more variable than that found in the North Atlantic or North Indian Oceans, largely due to hemispheric position and a wide variety of surface, near-surface, intermediate depth, and near-bottom water masses. In the South Atlantic, summer is defined as January-March and winter as July-September. The wide variety of temperature and salinity variability throughout the western South Atlantic leads to entirely differently shaped sound speed profiles and entirely different values of the depth of the deep sound channel axis and critical depth. These differences undoubtedly have significant effects on acoustic propagation. This report examines western South Atlantic sound speed variability along three cross-sections for both summer and winter, relates variability in sound speed structures to surface currents, the Antarctic Intermediate Water, Mediterrannean Intermediate Water, and Antarctic Bottom Water core flows west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and defines the number of observations deeper than the depth of the deep sound channel axis during both summer and winter for the entire South Atlantic Ocean between the Equator and 45 S latitude. (Author).
Author: Don F. Fenner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
The sound speed structure of the western South Atlantic Ocean is far more variable than that found in the North Atlantic or North Indian Oceans, largely due to hemispheric position and a wide variety of surface, near-surface, intermediate depth, and near-bottom water masses. In the South Atlantic, summer is defined as January-March and winter as July-September. The wide variety of temperature and salinity variability throughout the western South Atlantic leads to entirely differently shaped sound speed profiles and entirely different values of the depth of the deep sound channel axis and critical depth. These differences undoubtedly have significant effects on acoustic propagation. This report examines western South Atlantic sound speed variability along three cross-sections for both summer and winter, relates variability in sound speed structures to surface currents, the Antarctic Intermediate Water, Mediterrannean Intermediate Water, and Antarctic Bottom Water core flows west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and defines the number of observations deeper than the depth of the deep sound channel axis during both summer and winter for the entire South Atlantic Ocean between the Equator and 45 S latitude. (Author).
Author: Don F. Fenner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
All available sound velocity data in the North Atlantic Ocean between 15 degrees and 65 degrees N. latitude and east of 65 degrees W. longitude (excluding the Labrador Sea) have been analyzed in terms of the seasonal areal extent and average axial depth of the upper sound channel, the annual areal extent and average depth of the subsurface sound velocity maximum, and the annual average depth of the deep sound channel axis. The vertical extent of these and other sound velocity structures are shown on nine north-south and nine east-west sound velocity cross-sections that extend to a maximum depth of 5000 meters. These cross sections include four winter/summer pairs along the same meridian and three winter/summer pairs along the same parallel. In addition, sound velocity/temperature-salinity comparisons for winter and summer are given for 50 locations throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. (Author).
Author: J. G. Colborn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Indian Ocean
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Initial results of a continuing study to analyze and summarize the acoustically significant characteristics of the vertical sound-speed structure in the Indian Ocean are presented for purposes of acoustic model inputs and future exercise planning in the region. Data displays cover the western Indian Ocean west of 75 degrees E and north of 20 degrees S. Hydrocast data with computed sound speeds at standard depths provide the basic information to define areas of the Indian Ocean that are reasonably homogeneous with regard to sound-speed properties and can be summarized by a single profile for each season. Seasonal data presentations of bottom conjugate depth (the shallow conjugate of the bottom sound speed) and depth excess (water depth below the deep conjugate of the near-surface sound-speed maximum) indicate the primarily bottom-limited situation in the western Indian Ocean and identify the restricted areas of the Somali Basin with convergence-zone propagation potential. The upper-layer characteristics of layer depth, in-layer gradient, and below-layer gradient are displayed seasonally in contour format based on sound-speed-converted BT and XBT temperature data. Emphasis is placed on the significant effects of the seasonal monsoons, and in particular the strong SW Monsoon, on the near-surface structure. Results based on the two data sources are presented separately and some comparisons are made.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
This report contains an interpretation of oceanographic (sound velocity, temperature, and salinity), meteorological, and bathymetric data collected during summer 1973 in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean as part of the SQUARE DEAL Exercise.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 912
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Book Description
Author: Don F. Fenner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Author: John Northrop
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
Axial sound speed and depths of the SOFAR channels in the North and South Atlantic have been estimated and the seasonal variations that affect SOFAR propagation examined. The estimates are derived from applying averaging techniques to archived oceanographic data. The computed values appear to agree within one part in a 1000 with the measured data from long-range propagation experiments. A more accurate sound speed mapping method is recommended, as is the incorporation of measured values of speed and depth in any SOFAR computer program. (Author).
Author: Don F. Fenner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Indian Ocean
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Author: Ants T. Piip
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
The report covers a 31-hour anchor station in the Tongue of the Ocean, in extremely calm weather. 34 consecutive, detailed, high-precision profiles and their 10, 20 and 31-hour envelopes are presented for both sound speed and temperature, from the sea surface to the bottom; and the graphs showing the gradual changes of constant sound speed and isotherm depths. The sound speed and temperature structure is found to be relatively stable, as in the open ocean. Small, rapid variations abound in the thermocline region; a slight slow rise in deep isotherms occurs, but no tidal effects can be seen. The ship's motions at anchor are described: a composite of diurnal east-west and semidiurnal north-south oscillations. Results of a derivation of salinity from sound speed - temperature - depth data are shown to be in good agreement with published data. (Author).
Author: Herman Medwin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521829502
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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