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Author: Frans van Dijk
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792398363
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
This volume focuses on the social impact of the public sector on the performance of the private sector, especially in the long term. It presents a model of the formation of social ties by economic interaction and uses this to explore the relevance of social ties and their dynamics for economic performance. The impact of public provision and stochastic migration on social ties and the (total) provision level of the public good are also examined. It discusses the role of social ties in other types of interaction, and proposes definitions of social capital and infrastructure. Furthermore, it contains a discussion of the connections between the different conceptions of these terms. Also the effects of social ties and the influence of different types of public intervention on growth are examined. The assumption of exogenously determined, stochastic migration is dropped, and migration behavior is analyzed explicitly. In this theoretical investigation of the dynamics of social ties and economic interaction a number of important effects on economic performance will be suggested.
Author: Frans van Dijk (economie.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Author: Frans van Dijk
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792398363
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume focuses on the social impact of the public sector on the performance of the private sector, especially in the long term. It presents a model of the formation of social ties by economic interaction and uses this to explore the relevance of social ties and their dynamics for economic performance. The impact of public provision and stochastic migration on social ties and the (total) provision level of the public good are also examined. It discusses the role of social ties in other types of interaction, and proposes definitions of social capital and infrastructure. Furthermore, it contains a discussion of the connections between the different conceptions of these terms. Also the effects of social ties and the influence of different types of public intervention on growth are examined. The assumption of exogenously determined, stochastic migration is dropped, and migration behavior is analyzed explicitly. In this theoretical investigation of the dynamics of social ties and economic interaction a number of important effects on economic performance will be suggested.
Author: Frans van Dijk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Author: Martha Baum
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135431973
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
With the collapse of the steel industry in the 1980s, economic devastation hit the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, region. Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis strives to deepen understanding of the impact of the economic tragedy in the Pittsburgh region and to present social workers’efforts to enhance recovery. This case study serves as a model for social workers, human service educators and agency personnel, public health professionals, community organizers, policymakers, economic strategists, and researchers in social work, public health, sociology, anthropology, and political science to design and implement human service interventions for similar communities using techniques of action research, community organization, and demonstration projects. Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis shows readers relatively simple and highly effective ways of assessing the social-economic situation in their given geographical area. This allows professionals to be in touch with their surrounding communities and estimate the clientele to be served, their particular needs, and their abilities to access services. Chapters in Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis describe the responses of local institutions; the roles of informal and formal support networks; and the economic devastation inflicted upon individuals, households, and whole communities. To this end, Hide Yamatani, Lambert Maguire, Robin K. Rogers, and Mary Lou O’Kennedy take the socioeconomic “pulse” of six communities, launching a longitudinal monitoring effort that can be replicated elsewhere for long-range planning and intervention; Martha Baum, Barbara K. Shore, and Kathy Fleissner address the special problems women face; Mary Page and Myrna Silverman focus upon the elderly and their families; Phyllis D. Coontz, Judith A. Martin, and Edward W. Sites look at fathers facing altered childrearing; and Lambert Maguire and Hide Yamatani discuss youth facing altered economic opportunities. With this knowledge in hand, readers acquire skills for: using action research to assess how economic tragedy affects people’s lives mobilizing appropriate actors to engage in intervention learning from community groups and leaders about their concerns to work with them rather than for them recognizing the properties of community cohesion versus fragmentation as they affect efforts of renewal identifying individuals and families suffering most under economic devastation realizing the limits of micro-level intervention generating macro policies at the state and federal levels disseminating findings from action research and intervention/demonstration efforts Finally, Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis offers proposals for new societal mechanisms that might reduce the impact of future recessions. The findings and policy proposals set forth in this book help households and institutions deal with the effects of economic change which continue to afflict many families and small communities in the 1990s.
Author: Jose F. Anchorena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
We develop a parsimonious general equilibrium model where agents allocate time across three activities: production, trade, and leisure. Leisure includes time spent socializing, which economizes transaction costs. Our framework yields multiple equilibria in terms of the number of social ties and predicts that the number of social ties is positively associated with development. We calibrate our model using an empirical measure of country-level social ties and are able to quantitatively match the cross-country relationship between social ties and income per capita. Our calibration also captures additional dimensions of cross-country data: (i) increasing income inequality, but converging growth rates; (ii) an association between weak social ties and development; and (iii) an association between number of social ties and size of the transaction sector.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Sheldon Cohen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198029229
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Surgery and pharmaceuticals are not the only effective procedures we have to improve our health. The natural human tendency to care for fellow humans, to support them with social networks, has proven to be a powerful treatment as well. As a result, the areas of application for social support intervention have expanded dramatically during the past 20 years. As these areas have expanded, so too has the literature on the theory and measurement of social support. Yet, the literature has focussed on very particular areas. Investigators in the social sciences have mainly focused on the protection that social support confers in the context of stressful life events and transitions, whereas studies in the health sciences have concentrated on the effects of social networks and supports on population mortality and morbidity. Although no single theoretical framework has been widely accepted, there is consensus that both the psychological sense of support and actual expressions of support play critical roles in maintaining health and well being. This book is a state-of-the-art resource for the selection and development of strategies for social support assessment and intervention. Designed for use by behavioral and medical scientists conducting studies of physical illness, psychological adjustment, and psychiatric illness in human populations, this volume presents a broad conceptual framework addressing the role of social support in mental and physical health. The book is divided into four sections. The first provides some historical context as well as a conceptual overview of how social support might influence mental and physical health. The second discusses techniques for measuring social networks and support, and the third addresses the design of different types of support interventions. The final section presents some general comments on the volume and its implications for social support research and intervention. This resource is meant to aid researchers in understanding the conceptual criteria on which measurement and intervention decisions should be made when studying the relations between social support and health. Furthermore, the information provided on both measurement and intervention will be valuable to practitioners interested in designing and evaluating prevention and treatment initiatives. Sponsored by the Fetzer Institute as a follow up to their successful 1995 publication, Measuring Stress, this book will provide the most up to date research on the effects of social support interventions on physical and mental health.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309312450
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
Determinants of health - like physical activity levels and living conditions - have traditionally been the concern of public health and have not been linked closely to clinical practice. However, if standardized social and behavioral data can be incorporated into patient electronic health records (EHRs), those data can provide crucial information about factors that influence health and the effectiveness of treatment. Such information is useful for diagnosis, treatment choices, policy, health care system design, and innovations to improve health outcomes and reduce health care costs. Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records: Phase 2 identifies domains and measures that capture the social determinants of health to inform the development of recommendations for the meaningful use of EHRs. This report is the second part of a two-part study. The Phase 1 report identified 17 domains for inclusion in EHRs. This report pinpoints 12 measures related to 11 of the initial domains and considers the implications of incorporating them into all EHRs. This book includes three chapters from the Phase 1 report in addition to the new Phase 2 material. Standardized use of EHRs that include social and behavioral domains could provide better patient care, improve population health, and enable more informative research. The recommendations of Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records: Phase 2 will provide valuable information on which to base problem identification, clinical diagnoses, patient treatment, outcomes assessment, and population health measurement.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309264146
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
