SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING STUDIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED RESPIRATOR AND BATTERY MATERIALS. PDF Download
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Author: Matthew McDonald
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Matthew McDonald
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Ullrich Pietsch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475740506
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
During the last 20 years interest in high-resolution x-ray diffractometry and reflectivity has grown as a result of the development of the semiconductor industry and the increasing interest in material research of thin layers of magnetic, organic, and other materials. For example, optoelectronics requires a subsequent epitaxy of thin layers of different semiconductor materials. Here, the individuallayer thicknesses are scaled down to a few atomic layers in order to exploit quantum effects. For reasons of electronic and optical confinement, these thin layers are embedded within much thicker cladding layers or stacks of multilayers of slightly different chemical composition. It is evident that the interface quality of those quantum weHs is quite important for the function of devices. Thin metallic layers often show magnetic properties which do not ap pear for thick layers or in bulk material. The investigation of the mutual interaction of magnetic and non-magnetic layers leads to the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance, for example. This property is strongly related to the thickness and interface roughness of covered layers.
Author: Giuseppe Portale
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128083387
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Author: Mehdi Khodaei
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535130137
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Nowadays, nanomaterials are attracting huge attentions not only from a basic research point of view but also for their potential applications. Since finding the structure-property-processing relationships can open new windows in the application of materials, the material characterizations play a crucial role in the research and development of materials science. The increasing demand for energy with the necessity to find alternative renewable and sustainable energy sources leads to the rapid growth in attention to energy materials. In this book, the results of some outstanding researches on synchrotron-based characterization of nanostructured materials related to energy applications are presented.
Author: David Stefan Greving
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Flame technology is an extremely effective method to synthesize nano-particles of ceramic oxides. The single-step chemistry, the ability to control shape and size and to produce millions of tons of nano-powders per annum with relative ease have made it popular with industry. Although this process primarily focused on oxides of silicon and titanium, it has now been adopted for manufacture of several other oxides of bismuth, vanadium, aluminum, iron, germanium and zirconium. There has been extraordinary progress in the application of flame burner to synthesize newer oxides having a wide range of particle size, polydispersity, composition and aggregation. But the fundamentals behind the mechanisms for particle formation and growth are still not well understood. Due to the extremely fast reaction rates, high temperatures and low concentrations associated with this process, it is difficult to accurately observe the formation of nuclei and their growth to aggregated nano-particles. Entire particle growth from inception to aggregation takes place in a few milliseconds! Light scattering and thermophoretic sampling have been used extensively to study such flames. But light scattering suffers from the brightness of the flame and the limitation on the size-range it can probe. It can only detect aggregates, and information about primary particles needs to be obtained by thermophoretic sampling. However thermophoretic sampling is an intrusive technique and sample collection in the flame involves disturbance of flow of the gases and the particles in the flame. It is necessary to find a single non-intrusive technique that can yield complete information for the flame and detect the rapid growth. In-situ small angle x-ray scattering (iSAXS), which utilizes high energy x-rays from synchrotron sources fits such a role perfectly. iSAXS of particles in the flame provides full information from nano-scale to micron-scale and about the evolution of particles and their morphology. Experiments were carried out at third generation synchrotrons like Advanced Photon Source (USA) and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (France). Several premixed and diffusion flames producing silica and titania were investigated for the product volume fraction, primary particle size, polydispersity of powders, number concentration, aggregate size, mass fractal dimension and degree of branching.
Author: Jeffrey T. Koberstein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polymers and polymerization
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Author: Mark John Everard
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: D. L. Williamson
Publisher:
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Category : Amorphous semiconductors
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Our general objectives are to provide new details of the microstructure for the size scale from about 1 to 30 nm in high-quality a-Si:H and related alloys prepared by current state-of-the-art deposition methods as well as by new and emerging deposition technologies and thereby help determine the role of microvoids and other density fluctuations in controlling the opto-electronic properties.
Author: Yoshio Waseda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540434436
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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The production of multi layered thin films with sufficient reliability is a key technology for device fabrication in micro electronics. In the Co/Cu type multi layers, for example, magnetoresistance has been found as large as 80 % at 4. 2 K and 50 % at room temperature. In addition to such gigantic mag netoresistance, these multi layers indicate anti ferromagnetic and ferromag netic oscillation behavior with an increase in the thickness of the layers of the non magnetic component. These interesting properties of the new synthetic flmctional materials are attributed to their periodic and interracial structures at a microscopic level, although the origin of such peculiar features is not fully understood. Information on the surface structure or the number density of atoms in the near surface region may provide better insight. Amorphous alloys, frequently referred to as metallic glasses, are produced by rapid quenching from the melt. The second generation amorphous alloys, called "bulk amorphous alloys", have been discovered in some Pd based and Zr based alloy systems, with a super cooled liquid region at more than 120 K. In these alloy systems, one can obtain a sample thickness of several centime ters. Growing scientific and technological curiosity about the new amorphous alloys has focused on the fundamental factors, such as the atomic scale struc ture, which are responsible for the thermal stability with certain chemical compositions.
