Simulation of the Climate, Ocean, Vegetation and Terrestrial Carbon Cycle in the Holocene PDF Download
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Author: Yi Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
"The first application, in which the atmospheric CO 2 is fixed at 280 ppmv, shows that the vegetation-albedo feedback together with the retreating LIS allows the global annual mean surface air temperature to increase starting from 8 kyr BP and reach a maximum at around 6 kyr BP. The decreasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (orbital forcing) together with the vegetation-albedo feedback can explain the gradual cooling during the past 6 kyr. The southward shift of the boreal forest treeline from 6 to 0 kyr BP and the desertification of northern Africa from 8 to 2 kyr BP are also simulated, in good agreement with paleoclimatic reconstructions." --
Author: Yi Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
"The first application, in which the atmospheric CO 2 is fixed at 280 ppmv, shows that the vegetation-albedo feedback together with the retreating LIS allows the global annual mean surface air temperature to increase starting from 8 kyr BP and reach a maximum at around 6 kyr BP. The decreasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (orbital forcing) together with the vegetation-albedo feedback can explain the gradual cooling during the past 6 kyr. The southward shift of the boreal forest treeline from 6 to 0 kyr BP and the desertification of northern Africa from 8 to 2 kyr BP are also simulated, in good agreement with paleoclimatic reconstructions." --
Author: David Beerling
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521801966
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
An analysis of the Earth's vegetations and carbon cycle in the past and predictions for the future.
Author: John Birks
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134669976
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 824
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Book Description
The Holocene spans the 11,500 years since the end of the last Ice Age and has been a period of major global environmental change. However the rate of change has accelerated during the last hundred years, due largely to human impacts and this has led to a growing concern for the future of our environmental resources. Global Change in the Holocene demonstrates how reconstructing the record of past environmental change can provide us with essential knowledge about how our environment works and presents the reader with an informed viewpoint from which to project realistic future scenarios. The book brings together key techniques that are widely used in Holocene research, such as radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology and sediment analysis and offers a comprehensive analysis of various archives of environmental change including instrumental and documentary records, corals, lake sediments, glaciers and ice cores. This reference will be an informative and cutting-edge resource for all researchers in the fields of climate change, environmental science, geography, palaeoecology and archaeology.
Author: Hannah Tandy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~55.8 Myr) was a period of rapid warming resulting from major changes in the carbon cycle and has been cited as the closest historical analogue to anthropogenic carbon release. Up to now, modeling studies of the PETM used either a low-resolution coupled model of the ocean and atmosphere with prescribed CO2 or CH4, or coupled climate-carbon models of intermediate complexity (i.e. simplified ocean or atmosphere with an interactive carbon cycle). In this study I create a suit of numerical experiments with the NOAA/GFDL comprehensive atmosphere-ocean coupled model, known as an Earth System Model (ESM2Mb). I analyze the output from ESM2Mb simulations with greenhouse gas forcings from the pre-PETM and PETM. I examine changes in temperature and ocean circulation patterns as well as vegetation distribution, permafrost, and carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems from pre-PETM to PETM conditions. I found that with the present day land/sea mask and distribution of land glaciers, changes in only greenhouse gas concentrations (CO2 and CH4) from pre-PETM to PETM levels induce global warming of ~2.5-4 °C in ESM2Mb simulations, on the low range of estimates from paleo-proxies. Replacement of glacier types with an ice-free soil type increases the warming by 0.5 °C. Changes in the global temperature and terrestrial carbon storage depend on geological conditions such as glaciation. This study illustrates how models designed for studying recent historical and future climate change can capture past paleo-events, such as the PETM, and how modern day geological conditions may affect climate and carbon cycle sensitivities.
Author: Jonathan A. Foley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 534
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Book Description
Author: Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080507409
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
The interactions of biogeochemical cycles influence and maintain our climate system. Land use and fossil fuel emissions are currently impacting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans. This edited volume brings together 27 scholarly contributions on the state of our knowledge of earth system interactions among the oceans, land, and atmosphere. A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic and paleobiotic context for investigating these complex interrelationships. * Eight-page colour insert to highlight the latest research * A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.
Author: Michael J.R. Fasham
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642558445
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
Author: Eustathios Chiotis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351260235
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
This book highlights climate as a complex physical, chemical, biological, and geological system, in perpetual change, under astronomical, predominantly, solar control. It has been shaped to some degree through the past glaciation cycles repeated in the last three million years. The Holocene, the current interglacial epoch which started ca. 11,700 years ago, marks the transition from the Stone Age to the unprecedented cultural evolution of our civilization. Significant climate changes have been recorded in natural archives during the Holocene, including the rapid waning of ice sheets, millennial shifting of the monsoonal fringe in the northern hemisphere, and abrupt centennial events. A typical case of severe environmental change is the greening of Sahara in the Early Holocene and the gradual desertification again since the fifth millennium before present. Climate Changes in the Holocene: Impact, Adaptation, and Resilience investigates the impact of natural climate changes on humans and civilization through case studies from various places, periods, and climates. Earth and human society are approached as a complex system, thereby emphasizing the necessity to improve adaptive capacity in view of the anthropogenic global warming and ecosystem degradation. Features: Written by distinguished experts, the book presents the fundamentals of the climate system, the unparalleled progress achieved in the last decade in the fields of intensified research for improved understanding of the carbon cycle, climate components, and their interaction. Presents the application of paleoclimatology and modeling in climate reconstruction. Examines the new era of satellite-based climate monitoring and the prospects of reduced carbon dioxide emissions.
Author: The BACC II Author Team
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319160060
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
Author: John Birks
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1444119176
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
The Holocene spans the 11,500 years since the end of the last Ice Age and has been a period of major global environmental change. However the rate of change has accelerated during the last hundred years, due largely to human impacts and this has led to a growing concern for the future of our environmental resources. Global Change in the Holocene demonstrates how reconstructing the record of past environmental change can provide us with essential knowledge about how our environment works and presents the reader with an informed viewpoint from which to project realistic future scenarios. The book brings together key techniques that are widely used in Holocene research, such as radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology and sediment analysis and offers a comprehensive analysis of various archives of environmental change including instrumental and documentary records, corals, lake sediments, glaciers and ice cores. This reference will be an informative and cutting-edge resource for all researchers in the fields of climate change, environmental science, geography, palaeoecology and archaeology.
