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Author: Samuel Ohikhena Agele
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1837683190
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a sacred tree and noble resource from South America. The Mayans and other early civilizations in Central America used cacao beans as tokens, which were subsequently transported to Europe to nurture monarchies and elites. Based on the discovery of cacao’s commercial potential and attributes, new cocoa plantations were established in other parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Thus, cocoa has become an important cash crop in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia, where it is a major foreign exchange earner, industrial raw material, support for livelihood, and ecosystem services provision. Based on its global importance, there has been an increased need for the expansion of cultivation to meet the rising demand for cacao beans. Global environmental change, including climate change, variability, and weather extremes, has established new environmental boundaries with implications for area suitability for cocoa production and sustainability. Efforts to unlock the potentials of the established environmental boundaries may be built on the development and adoption of agrotechnological practices and integration of climate resilience for harnessing opportunities and potentials of the new environment, and thus, extension of the frontiers of cacao cultivation to meet the increasing global demand for cocoa beans. This book, “Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma Cacao - Opportunities and Challenges for Production” presents a comprehensive perspective of the interactions of changing environmental conditions, cocoa production, and sustainability. The book illuminates the challenges climate change presents for cocoa production and sustainability. It provides insights into the need for cocoa actors within the cocoa sector to strengthen climate mitigation and resilience building and to come to grips with the realities, magnitude, and inevitable persistence of climate challenges to cocoa production and sustainability.
Author: Samuel Ohikhena Agele
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1837683190
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Get Book Here
Book Description
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a sacred tree and noble resource from South America. The Mayans and other early civilizations in Central America used cacao beans as tokens, which were subsequently transported to Europe to nurture monarchies and elites. Based on the discovery of cacao’s commercial potential and attributes, new cocoa plantations were established in other parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Thus, cocoa has become an important cash crop in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia, where it is a major foreign exchange earner, industrial raw material, support for livelihood, and ecosystem services provision. Based on its global importance, there has been an increased need for the expansion of cultivation to meet the rising demand for cacao beans. Global environmental change, including climate change, variability, and weather extremes, has established new environmental boundaries with implications for area suitability for cocoa production and sustainability. Efforts to unlock the potentials of the established environmental boundaries may be built on the development and adoption of agrotechnological practices and integration of climate resilience for harnessing opportunities and potentials of the new environment, and thus, extension of the frontiers of cacao cultivation to meet the increasing global demand for cocoa beans. This book, “Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma Cacao - Opportunities and Challenges for Production” presents a comprehensive perspective of the interactions of changing environmental conditions, cocoa production, and sustainability. The book illuminates the challenges climate change presents for cocoa production and sustainability. It provides insights into the need for cocoa actors within the cocoa sector to strengthen climate mitigation and resilience building and to come to grips with the realities, magnitude, and inevitable persistence of climate challenges to cocoa production and sustainability.
Author: Arthur Hugh Bunting
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251020920
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Sponsored by FAO and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Author: Susanna B. Hecht
Publisher: CIAT
ISBN: 8489206139
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
Author: Cheryl Palm
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 9780231508834
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Caused in part by the slash-and-burn practices of both large- and small-scale farmers, the environmental implications of tropical deforestation remain a worldwide concern. Yet the small-scale farmers who use slash-and-burn agriculture depend on it to produce food and make a living for their families. With contributions from scientists, economists, ecologists, and anthropologists, this book provides an overall analysis of the environmental, economic, and social reasons for why slash and burn is so common and presents alternatives to this destructive practice.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309047498
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 721
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Book Description
Rainforests are rapidly being cleared in the humid tropics to keep pace with food demands, economic needs, and population growth. Without proper management, these forests and other natural resources will be seriously depleted within the next 50 years. Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment in the Humid Tropics provides critically needed direction for developing strategies that both mitigate land degradation, deforestation, and biological resource losses and help the economic status of tropical countries through promotion of sustainable agricultural practices. The book includes: A practical discussion of 12 major land use options for boosting food production and enhancing local economies while protecting the natural resource base. Recommendations for developing technologies needed for sustainable agriculture. A strategy for changing policies that discourage conserving and managing natural resources and biodiversity. Detailed reports on agriculture and deforestation in seven tropical countries.
Author: Iskandar Z. Siregar
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832530605
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Author: Anthony Bennett Anderson
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 9780231072229
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Nature subsidy; The regional setting; The natural history of babassu; Babassu in the household economy; Babassu in the market economy; Propects for development; Nature subsidy revisited.
Author: François Ruf
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 9781855732155
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
The cyclical boom-to-recession nature of the economics of cocoa supply is a major problem for the international cocoa industry - and especially for countries whose economies depend on cocoa exports. Only through an understanding of the dynamics of cocoa cycles can policy decisions be made through the various phases of supply cycles. Based on a major international cocoa conference, this book presents seventeen edited papers from leading experts, making a major contribution to that understanding. It explains the powerful economic, social and political factors which impact on the cocoa economy. It shows the laws of cocoa supply are closely linked to environmental, ecological and institutional factors.
Author: P.K. Ramachandran Nair
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400746768
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
This volume contains a solid body of the current state of knowledge on the various themes and activities in agroforestry worldwide. It is organized into three sections: the Introduction section consists of the summaries of six keynote speeches at the 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2009; that is followed by two sections of peer-reviewed thematic chapters grouped as “Global Perspectives” (seven chapters) and “Regional Perspectives” (eleven chapters), authored by professional leaders in their respective agroforestry-related fields worldwide. A total of 130 professionals from institutions in 33 countries in both developing and the industrialized temperate regions of the world contributed to the book as chapter authors and/or reviewers. Thus, the book presents a comprehensive and authoritative account of the global picture of agroforestry today.
Author: Rinku Sharma
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832531679
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
The biological complexity essentially includes and involves processes that are mediated through explicitly non-linear interactions that are often typically entangled in nature. These comprise a myriad of interactions among a vast number of entities such as genes, proteins, metabolites, and species, widely varying in scale. These interactions render biological systems across spatial and temporal scales as complex adaptive systems having features like: self-organisation, modularity, emergence, non-linear interactions, collective response and adaptation. The theory of complex networks offers an appropriate formal framework for modelling such complex systems. The enormous wealth of biological data generated by high-throughput techniques, as also through empirical investigations can be analysed using the aforementioned formal framework to obtain important insights into biological complexity.The concept of networks can be used:1) to explore the relationships between entities resulting in network generation; 2) to guide the analytic procedure based on existing network(s) as prior knowledge; and 3) to analyze the prior network(s) regarding their topology and attributes. Complex networks, being ubiquitous, permeate the biological systems across spatial and temporal scales. The objective of this collection is to highlight some very salient features of such inherent complexity in biological systems by adopting a network theoretic perspective. The anticipated pay-off is obtaining a deeper insight explicitly into the systems-level interactions and the emergent complex behaviour of the systems. Also, investigating the propulsive forces which lend various networks with akin topological characteristics that would help to merge vivid information related to various molecular interactions into a single framework, thereby permitting a structural perspective of the cellular dynamics.The application may include – exploring the disease/environmental stress response and trait mechanism using different omics platforms, candidate gene discovery and validation, network-guided discovery and deployment of omics approaches in biology; modern genetic improvement methods for delivering genes in addition to high throughput and precise phenotyping methodologies, exploring the disease/environmental stress response mechanism, marker re-prioritization, network-guided biomarker discovery etc.
