Shear Behavior of High Strength Self-consolidating Concrete in Nebraska University Bridge Girders PDF Download
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Author: Alexander Michael Griffin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fiber-reinforced concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
"As the nation's infrastructure continues to age, advanced concrete technologies have been developed to both reduce a structure's costs and increase its life expectancy. Since the early 1990's, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been one of these technologies. Many, however, have been reluctant to implement SCC in highway girders due to the mixture constituents. One of these concerns is the reduced content and size of the coarse aggregate. These differences in the concrete potentially hinder SCC's mechanical properties and shear resistance. Additionally, for high strength concretes (HSC) with weaker aggregates, shear cracks tend to propagate through the coarse aggregate, reducing the aggregate interlock component of the shear resistance. This study aimed at assessing the web-shear strength both with and without web reinforcement of two precast-prestressed Nebraska University (NU) 53 girders fabricated with high strength self-consolidating concrete (HS-SCC). The results were compared to the ACI 318 (2011) and AASHTO LRFD (2012) code estimates, and a finite element model (FEM) package, Response 2000. ATENA Engineering, a finite element analysis (FEA) program, was also used to evaluate the qualitative results, specifically crack patterns and the effect of the coarse aggregate content and size. A prestressed concrete database was also constructed to assess the effect of the reduced coarse aggregate content on the shear capacity of HS-SCC in prestressed concrete members. The mechanical properties of the HS-SCC mix were also tested and compared to relevant empirical equations. The HS-SCC mix investigated in this study proves to be a viable cost-saving alternative for bridge superstructure elements"--Abstract, page iii.
Author: Alexander Michael Griffin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fiber-reinforced concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
"As the nation's infrastructure continues to age, advanced concrete technologies have been developed to both reduce a structure's costs and increase its life expectancy. Since the early 1990's, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been one of these technologies. Many, however, have been reluctant to implement SCC in highway girders due to the mixture constituents. One of these concerns is the reduced content and size of the coarse aggregate. These differences in the concrete potentially hinder SCC's mechanical properties and shear resistance. Additionally, for high strength concretes (HSC) with weaker aggregates, shear cracks tend to propagate through the coarse aggregate, reducing the aggregate interlock component of the shear resistance. This study aimed at assessing the web-shear strength both with and without web reinforcement of two precast-prestressed Nebraska University (NU) 53 girders fabricated with high strength self-consolidating concrete (HS-SCC). The results were compared to the ACI 318 (2011) and AASHTO LRFD (2012) code estimates, and a finite element model (FEM) package, Response 2000. ATENA Engineering, a finite element analysis (FEA) program, was also used to evaluate the qualitative results, specifically crack patterns and the effect of the coarse aggregate content and size. A prestressed concrete database was also constructed to assess the effect of the reduced coarse aggregate content on the shear capacity of HS-SCC in prestressed concrete members. The mechanical properties of the HS-SCC mix were also tested and compared to relevant empirical equations. The HS-SCC mix investigated in this study proves to be a viable cost-saving alternative for bridge superstructure elements"--Abstract, page iii.
Author: Hayder Hussein Alghazali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
"The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of sustainable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for highway bridge structures. Two types of concrete were utilized in this study: high volume fly ash-self consolidating concrete (HVFA-SCC) and high strength-self consolidating concrete (HS-SCC). This dissertation consists of two major parts: a laboratory study developing and investigating the overall performance of HVFA-SCC and a field study of time-dependent field-based behavior of HS-SCC in Bridge A7957 MO, USA. In the first part, an experimental program was conducted to develop a new class of SCC incorporating up to 70% cement replacement with fly ash. Three replacement levels (50%, 60%, and 70%) by weight were selected to quantify the effect of cement replacement on the structural performance of HVFA-SCC. Shear behavior and bond performance of HVFA-SCC were investigated in the laboratory. The shear behavior program consisted of twelve full-scale beams, and the bond performance program consisted of twelve full-scale splice test specimens. Analysis of the HVFA-SCC data indicated that concrete with up to 70% cement replacement can be considered for the production of sustainable SCC. The second part of this dissertation presents the total prestress losses and thermal behavior of Bridge A7957 constructed with HS-SCC. A health monitoring system was established on this bridge to monitor the time-dependent behavior of bridge girders using VWSGs and a data acquisition system. HS-SCC girders were monitored for more than two years' worth of field-based data. Both measured prestress losses and thermal data (uniform temperature and thermal gradients) were compared to the current design specifications. Results showed that the investigated specifications require some modifications to accommodate the material composition of HS-SCC"--Abstract, page iv.
Author: Rafat Siddique
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 012817370X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications presents the latest research on various aspects of self-compacting concrete, including test methods, rheology, strength and durability properties, SCC properties at elevated temperature, SC manufacturing with the use of SCMs, recycled aggregates and industrial by-products. Written by an international group of contributors who are closely associated with the development of self-compacting concrete, the book explores the main differences between SCC and normal concrete in terms of raw materials, fresh properties and hardened properties. Other topics discussed include the structure and practical applications of fiber reinforced SCC. Researchers and experienced engineers will find this reference to be a systematic source to SCC with its accounting of the latest breakthroughs in the field and discussions of SCC constructability, structural integrity, improved flows into complex forms, and superior strength and durability. Offers a systematic and comprehensive source of information on the latest developments in SCC technology Includes mix design procedures, tests standards, rheology, strength and durability properties Explores the properties and practical applications of SCC
Author: J.A. Ramirez
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781622601844
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Emad Leon Labib
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A simple semi-empirical set of equations was developed at the University of Houston (UH) to predict the shear strength of PC I-girders with normal-strength concrete. The UH-developed equation is a function of concrete strength, web area, shear span to effective depth ratio, and percentage of transverse steel. This research intends to validate or modify the UH-developed equation for (1) high-strength concrete and (2) different sizes of PC girders and studying the possibility of premature failure due to local failure in end zone. Ten modified Tx28 PC girders, derived by scaling down an existing TxDOT cross section, were tested in this study for the first objective. The girders were divided into three groups (Groups A, C and F) based on the concrete strength. Each group of the PC girders was tested with different shear span to effective depth ratio. The validity of the proposed UH-developed equations was ascertained using the experimental results. It was found able to predict accurately the ultimate shear strength of PC girders with concrete strength up to 117 MPa (17,000 psi) with enough ductility. Six PC girders of Tx-series with three different sizes were tested for the second objective. The girders were divided into three groups (Groups D, E and G) based on the girder depth. The experimental results ensured the validity of the UH-developed equations for PC girders with different sizes. Also, the experimental data showed that the PC girders of the new Tx-series can reach the maximum shear capacity without a shear-bond failure. The results of testing the 10 modified Tx-28 girders were used to validate a finite element program developed at UH, Simulation of Concrete Structures (SCS), for PC girders with different concrete strength. Analytical results presented in this dissertation proved the validity of SCS to predict the behavior of PC girders with different concrete strength up to 117 MPa (17,000 psi).
Author: Kyle H. Larson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Results of an extensive experimental program conducted to determine the material, bond characteristics, and time-dependent deformations of a proposed self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixture for bridge girders are presented. This research program was completed in three phases. The first phase consisted of 15 full-scale, pretensioned SCC flexural specimens tested to evaluate their transfer and development lengths. These specimens included both single-strand and multiple-strand beams, as well as specimens designed to evaluate the so-called 'top-strand' effect. The top-strand specimens, with more than 20 inches of concrete below the strand, were tested to evaluate the current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials requirement of a 30% increase in the development length when the concrete below the strand is more than 12 inches. Strand end-slip measurements, used to estimate transfer lengths, indicated the proposed SCC mixture meets ACI and AASHTO requirements. In addition, flexural tests confirmed the proposed SCC mixture also meets current code requirements for development length. The second phase was to evaluate the elastic shortening, creep, and shrinkage properties of the proposed SCC mixture for bridge girders. Four bridge girders with an inverted-T profile were used to measure these time-dependent deformations. In two of the specimens, the strands were tensioned to 75% of the ultimate tensile strength, simulating a girder at service. Strands of the other two specimens were left untensioned to evaluate shrinkage effect of the concrete alone. The shrinkage was then subtracted from the fully tensioned specimens and elastic shortening and creep were isolated after relaxation losses were calculated from code expressions. In addition, the fully tensioned specimens were used to determine transfer lengths of the prestressing strand. The final phase of the program was to record strain measurements of the actual bridge girders used in the field. Elastic shortening, creep, and shrinkage prestress losses of the proposed SCC mixture were compared with current design equations. Instrumentation of seven pretensioned girders in a five-span bridge located in Cowley County, Kansas, was used to measure time-dependent deformations. Three of these girders utilized SCC, while the other four were cast with conventional concrete.
Author: David Paul Gustafson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Girders
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
Author: Maher K. Tadros
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 030908766X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
"The HCM includes three printed volumes (Volumes 1-3) that can be purchased from the Transportation Research Board in print and electronic formats. Volume 4 is a free online resource that supports the rest of the manual. It includes: Supplemental chapters 25-38, providing additional details of the methodologies described in the Volume 1-3 chapters, example problems, and other resources; A technical reference library providing access to a significant portion of the research supporting HCM methods; Two applications guides demonstrating how the HCM can be applied to planning-level analysis and a variety of traffic operations applications; Interpretations, updates, and errata for the HCM (as they are developed);A discussion forum allowing HCM users to ask questions and collaborate on HCM-related matters; and Notifications of chapter updates, active discussions, and more via an optional e-mail notification feature."--Publisher.
Author: Kamal S. Tawfiq
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: Shaoyun Sun
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549337522
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
Based on the measured test results, an analytical model, Crack Displacement Field Theory (CDFT), was developed for predicting the shear response of prestressed/reinforced concrete members. Compared to other existing models, it could capture the discrete displacement due to crack opening and crack slip along crack surface and can take account the variation of stresses in reinforcement due to bond. Good agreements were achieved between the model predictions and test results.
