Sex Roles and Self-Esteem: The Relationship of Masculinity, Femininity, and Androgyny to Self-Concept PDF Download
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Author: Kay Rhodes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Kay Rhodes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: María Ragúz de Romaña
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Femininity
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Author: Ellen Piel Cook
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Author: Janet T. Spence
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 1477303111
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Many societies assign sharply distinguished roles to men and women. Personality differences, as well as physical differences, between men and women are used to justify these different sex roles, and women are seen as more emotionally and interpersonally sensitive than men, while men are said to be more competent, achievement oriented, and assertive than women. A widely held view is that not only do men and women differ but that possession of "masculine" characteristics precludes possession of "feminine" characteristics. This bipolar conception has led to the definition of masculinity and femininity as opposites. Acceptance of this idea has caused social scientists and laypersons to consider men and women who possess cross-sex personality characteristics as less emotionally healthy and socially adjusted than those with sex-appropriate traits. Previous research by the authors and others, done almost exclusively with college students, has shown, however, that masculinity and femininity do not relate negatively to each other, thus supporting a dualistic rather than a bipolar conception of these two psychological dimensions. Spence and Helmreich present data showing that the dualistic conception holds for a large number of groups, varying widely in age, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and patterns of interest, whose psychological masculinity and femininity were measured with an objective instrument, the Personality Attributes Questionnaire, devised by the authors. Many individuals are shown to be appropriately sex-typed; that is, men tend to be high in masculinity and low in femininity and women the reverse. However, a substantial number of men and women are androgynous—high in both masculine and feminine characteristics—while some are not high in either. Importantly, the authors find that androgynous individuals display more self-esteem, social competence, and achievement orientation than individuals who are strong in either masculinity or femininity or are not strong in either. One of the major contributions of the work is the development of a new, multifaceted measure of achievement motivation (the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire), which can be used successfully to predict behavior in both males and females and is related to masculinity and femininity in both sexes. In addition to investigating the correlates of masculinity and femininity, the authors attempt to isolate parental factors that contribute to the development of these characteristics and achievement motivation. The book includes analyses of data from students on their perception of their parents, which enable the authors to examine the influence of parental masculinity and femininity and parental behaviors and child-rearing attitudes on the development of masculinity and femininity and achievement motivation characteristics in their children. The important implications of these findings for theories of sex roles, personality development, and achievement motivation are examined.
Author: Deborah Y. Anderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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"This book advances adult development theory with the authors' insights on the importance of developmental life-ties. Drs. Anderson and Hayes use findings from their original research to explore how men and women shape and integrate their identities and self-worth within the framework of the influential life-ties of family, work, friends, and education, among others. Gender-balanced personal stories bring the text to life and help illustrate the major findings of their research. This text is particularly useful in courses in adult development, life-span development, gender studies, and family studies."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Author: Carole A. Beere
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313019738
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Beere has produced a new edition of her Women and Women's Issues: A Handbook of Tests and Measurements. Based largely on a search of the PsychLIT and ERIC databases from January 1978 to December 1988, the volume includes information on 211 tests and measures pertaining to gender roles and attitudes towards gender. . . . Particularly useful are chapter reviews of the literature in which the author reviews the quality of available research. Recommended for college and university libraries. Choice This handbook stems, in part, from the author's previously published Women and Women's Issues. Realizing that a book published in 1979 could no longer provide researchers with the up-to-date information they require regarding measures to use in research, Beere set out to revise and update her work. In the process, she soon discovered that the measures identified through her search of the literature produced since her first book was published far exceeds the number that can be realistically described in a single handbook. Thus, she has undertaken a two-volume guide, the first of which, Gender Roles, describes only those measures pertaining to gender roles and attitudes toward gender-related issues. Gender roles are broadly defined to include adults' and children's gender roles, gender stereotypes, marital roles, parental roles, employee roles, and multiple roles. A total of 211 measures are included. In addition to 67 scales still in use that were described in her earlier book, Beere includes scales that are relevant, have evidence of their reliability and/or validity, and are used in more than one published article or ERIC document. If a scale does not satisfy these criteria, but its development is the focus of an article or ERIC document, it is included, as are scales that are unusual or pertain to a topic that would otherwise receive inadequate coverage in this handbook. The scale descriptions follow a standard format that includes the following information: title; author or authors as listed in the earliest publication mentioning the scale; earliest date that the scale is mentioned in a publication; profile of variable being measured; type of instrument; description; sample items; previous and appropriate subjects; scoring information; a description of the development of the measure; information regarding reliability and validity; and a listing of published studies that use the measure. This important new handbook promises to make several important contributions to gender-related research. It will make it easier for researchers to locate quality instruments appropriate for their research, discourage the proliferation of substandard or redundant measures, set some minimal standards for measures used in gender role research, and encourage more research regarding gender roles. All social science libraries will want to find a place for it in their reference collections.
Author: Janice W. Lee
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594542145
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
Gender encompasses biological sex but extends beyond it to the socially prescribed roles deemed appropriate for each sex by the culture in which we live. The gender roles we each carry out are highly individualistic, built on our biological and physical traits, appearance and personality, life experiences such as childhood, career and education, and history of sexual and romantic interactions. Each element influences perceptions and expectations. Gender-related experiences influence and shape the ways we think about others and ourselves including self-image, behaviour, mood, social advancement and coping strategies. This new book brings together leading international research devoted to this subject.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sex differences in education
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Literature cited in AGRICOLA, Dissertations abstracts international, ERIC, ABI/INFORM, MEDLARS, NTIS, Psychological abstracts, and Sociological abstracts. Selection focuses on education, legal aspects, career aspects, sex differences, lifestyle, and health. Common format (bibliographical information, descriptors, and abstracts) and ERIC subject terms used throughout. Contains order information. Subject, author indexes.
Author: Kimberly Diane Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 83
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Further, I predicted that perceptions of discrepancy would also predict feelings of psychological connectedness to other men, and that lack of such connectedness would also predict decrements to mental health outcomes. Finally, I hypothesized that this latter relationship would be moderated by levels of general self-concept clarity. Findings indicate that men do in fact report significant discrepancies in social messages about both the preferred masculine and feminine traits they feel they are expected to possess. Further, self-concept clarity is found to moderate the relationship between lack of a male reference group, self- esteem and satisfaction with life. Some implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 956
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