Semantic and Associative Priming in Aphasic Subjects PDF Download
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Author: Ingrid Scholten
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Author: Ingrid Scholten
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Author: Caroline L. Watters
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aphasia
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Author: Timothy P. McNamara
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135432546
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Semantic priming has been a focus of research in the cognitive sciences for more than thirty years and is commonly used as a tool for investigating other aspects of perception and cognition, such as word recognition, language comprehension, and knowledge representations. Semantic Priming: Perspectives from Memory and Word Recognition examines empirical and theoretical advancements in the understanding of semantic priming, providing a succinct, in-depth review of this important phenomenon, framed in terms of models of memory and models of word recognition. The first section examines models of semantic priming, including spreading activation models, the verification model, compound-cue models, distributed network models, and multistage activation models (e.g. interactive-activation model). The second section examines issues and findings that have played an especially important role in testing models of priming and includes chapters on the following topics: methodological issues (e.g. counterbalancing of materials, choice of priming baselines); automatic vs. strategic priming; associative vs. “pure” semantic priming; mediated priming; long-term semantic priming; backward priming; unconscious priming; the prime-task effect; list context effects; effects of word frequency, stimulus quality, and stimulus repetition; and the cognitive neuroscience of semantic priming. The book closes with a summary and a discussion of promising new research directions. The volume will be of interest to a wide range of researchers and students in the cognitive sciences and neurosciences.
![The Prime Task Effect [microform] : an Investigation of Semantic Vs. Associative Priming and the Activation Blocking Account PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/SJ1KvwEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Natalie Alvina Kacinik
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612308008
Category : Paired-association learning
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
A consistent finding in the semantic priming literature is that performing a letter search on the prime eliminates the facilitation usually obtained in the standard lexical decision task. This phenomenon has been explained in terms of both a drawing away of attention from the word to the letter level, and an "activation block" at the lexical-semantic interface. In the present experiment it was asked whether this effect varies as a function of the type of prime-target relationship; specifically, whether prime letter search has differential effects for unassociated semantically related pairs high in featural similarity (e.g., SPARROW-ROBIN), than for stimulus pairs associatively related but very low in terms of shared semantic features (e.g., HAYSTACK-NEEDLE). In Experiment 1, prime task (reading or letter search) was manipulated between subjects, while type of relatedness (associative versus semantic) was manipulated within subjects. Results indicated a significant decrease in the facilitation for the semantically related pairs in the letter search condition, but no change in the priming effect for the associative pairs. On the basis of association norms collected for our primes, it was found that most of our associated pairs did not seem to be strongly associated for our subjects (Experiment 2). For Experiment 3 new associated pairs were created based on the norms and prime task was manipulated using a within subjects design. The priming effect obtained in the standard priming condition was significantly reduced but not eliminated in the letter search condition. Findings are discussed in the context of the lexical-semantic distinction and the activation blocking account.
Author: Rosaleen A. McCarthy
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780863779367
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
What is the basis of our ability to assign meanings to words or to objects? Such questions have, until recently, been regarded as lying within the province of philosophy and linguistics rather than psychology. However, recent advances in psychology and neuropsychology have led to the development of a scientific approach to analysing the cognitive bases of semantic knowledge and semantic representations. Indeed, theory and data on the organisation and structure of semantic knowledge have now become central and hotly debated topics in contemporary psychology. This special issue of Memory brings together a series of papers from established laboratories that are at the forefront of semantic memory research. The collection includes papers presenting theoretical overviews of the field as well as papers containing new experimental findings. A variety of approaches to the problems of analysing semantic knowledge and semantic representations are included in this volume. For example, experimental studies of normal subjects are included together with neuropsychological investigations of patients with impaired semantic memory and computational models of the representation of knowledge in normality and disease. This collection will therefore be essential reading for researchers and others who are interested in memory function. It will also be of interest to cognitive scientists, linguists, philosophers and others who have puzzled over the many complex and central questions that probe the roots of our ability to understand meaning.
Author: Sachiko Kinoshita
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135432198
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
Masked priming has a short and somewhat controversial history. When used as a tool to study whether semantic processing can occur in the absence of conscious awareness, considerable debate followed, mainly about whether masked priming truly tapped unconscious processes. For research into other components of visual word processing, however - in particular, orthographic, phonological, and morphological - a general consensus about the evidence provided by masked priming results has emerged. This book contains thirteen original chapters in which these three components of visual word processing are examined using the masked priming procedure. The chapters showcase the advantages of masked priming as an alternative to more standard methods of studying language processing that require comparisons of matched items. Based on a recent conference, this book offers up-to-date research findings, and would be valuable to researchers and students of word recognition, psycholinguistics, or reading.
Author: Karen Dodd
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470698551
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
One approach to the study of language has been to describe people whose ability to communicate is impaired. Some researchers have argued that it is possible to identify the component mental processes that contribute to the ability to communicate by describing the ways in which language can break down. Other researchers have expressed doubts about the extent to which data from impairment reflects normal language function. This volume reflects the problems of constructing theory of how the normal brain deals with language from data from impaired individuals from the perspective of a range of disciplines: psycholinguistics, linguistics, neurophysiology and speech-language pathology. The chapters include critiques of methodology; application of new technology; the study of bilingual people; and cross-linguistic studies. A range of language skills is discussed (phonology, prosody, syntax, semantics, reading and spelling) in the context of both developmental and acquired impairments (hearing loss, cerebellar dysarthria, sub-cortical aphasia, cortical aphasia, phonological disorder, and dyslexia). This book icludes contributions from researchers and clinicians on both sides of the Atlantic as well as from Australia and Hong Kong.
Author: Mika Koivisto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cerebral dominance
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Author: Jason Michael Sullivan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Author: Steven L. Small
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080510132
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 529
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Book Description
The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research. A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself. A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereby encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.
