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Author: Peter A. Thompson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781921232169
Category : Crassostrea
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Author: Peter A. Thompson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781921232169
Category : Crassostrea
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781921605802
Category : Pacific oyster
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Author: Sean Erik Matson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pacific oyster
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
This dissertation develops mixed family selection for Pacific oysters using marker-based pedigree reconstruction. It focuses on improving the efficiency of parentage assignment, determining the optimum life stage to mix oyster families for rearing and selection, comparing mixed-family and separate-family selective breeding in the field, and applying the mixed method to estimate the heritability of shell shape. We developed novel computer software, P-LOCI (available at http://marineresearch.oregonstate.edu/genetics/PLOCI.html), which identifies the most efficient set of codominant markers for assigning parentage, accounting for marker linkage, mating design, null alleles and genotyping error, and found that the most efficient group of loci for assignment is not necessarily comprised of the top individually ranked loci, or best for all populations. We determined the optimum time to mix oyster families for rearing and selection in the field; overall, planting size is the most prudent time to mix families for MFS, due to high variability in family representation produced during larval and nursery stages. Mixing families at stages earlier than this for selection on field traits would require pre-planting genotyping of large samples for estimation of initial family representation, which would add substantial cost, or other special considerations. Rearing mixed family groups of oysters in the field yielded very similar results to rearing the same families separately, (r = 0.817 for two-site average individual weight at harvest), demonstrating it is unlikely associative effects are of great importance in the Pacific oyster. Our results show that the mixed method was well-suited for individual traits and walk-back selection, but would incur higher costs than the separate method to estimate survival with lower precision. Finally, we utilized the mixed method to estimate the heritability of shell shape using midparent-offspring regression; we estimated shell depth heritability as 0.404 ± 0.14 and shell width as 0.287 ± 0.11, nearly equal to the only other study for the Pacific oyster, demonstrating potential for selective breeding on these traits in this U.S. population, and similar results between methods. Overall, we found that mixed-family rearing is viable for Pacific oyster breeding, given some important restrictions.
Author: James E. Lannan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Sanford Evans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pacific oyster
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Author: Robert Paul Lang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat shock proteins
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Summer mortality of farmed Pacific oysters causes financial losses for shellfish growers, and selective breeding to improve survival of offspring is a promising way to reduce losses. This dissertation has two objectives to assist the development of tools for use in selective breeding programs. Objective 1: Identify candidate genes for selection and use in predictive assays by examining the transcriptome response to heat shock in gill of heat-shocked (40°C, 1 h) oysters and comparing gene transcription between families with high (>65%) or low (
Author: James E. Lannan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oysters
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Author: Jean-François Samain
Publisher: Editions Quae
ISBN: 275920054X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
Mass oyster mortalities have been known for many years throughout the world, but no strictly pathological explication has been found. This book describes how environmental influences, reproduction, stress, genetics, pathogens and temperature contribute to oyster summer mortality in France. An interaction model is derived from the results and recommendations are made for forecasting and managing risk factors.
Author: Trygve Gjedrem
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048127734
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 221
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Book Description
The foundation of quantitative genetics theory was developed during the last century and facilitated many successful breeding programs for cultivated plants and t- restrial livestock. The results have been almost universally impressive, and today nearly all agricultural production utilises genetically improved seed and animals. The aquaculture industry can learn a great deal from these experiences, because the basic theory behind selective breeding is the same for all species. The ?rst published selection experiments in aquaculture started in 1920 s to improve disease resistance in ?sh, but it was not before the 1970 s that the ?rst family based breeding program was initiated for Atlantic salmon in Norway by AKVAFORSK. Unfortunately, the subsequent implementation of selective breeding on a wider scale in aquaculture has been slow, and despite the dramatic gains that have been demonstrated in a number of species, less than 10% of world aquaculture production is currently based on improved stocks. For the long-term sustainability of aquaculture production, there is an urgent need to develop and implement e- cient breeding programs for all species under commercial production. The ability for aquaculture to successfully meet the demands of an ever increasing human p- ulation, will rely on genetically improved stocks that utilise feed, water and land resources in an ef?cient way. Technological advances like genome sequences of aquaculture species, and advanced molecular methods means that there are new and exciting prospects for building on these well-established methods into the future.
Author: Stuart Rendell Thomas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pacific oyster
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
The primary objective of this project was to evaluate the growth, biochemical and fatty acid composition, physical and shell characteristics, and basic reproductive development of families of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from the USDA-funded Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP) planted in suspended culture in Kachemak Bay (KB), Alaska, and at an intertidal site in Thorndyke Bay (TB), Puget Sound, Washington. The MBP selects oysters to improve yields, growth, and survival, but little is known about the effects of selective breeding on other biological characteristics of selected oysters. Shell and meat characteristics of oysters from each of the seven highest-yielding MBP families were compared with those from non-selected control families at each site, which were sampled in October of 2009 and in June of 2010. Biometric and growth data, proximate compositions, fatty acid compositions, and basic degree of reproductive development were measured and compared by family, site, and sampling time. Selection improved yield, growth, and survival in MBP Cohort 20 oysters over three years of growout at KB. Colder water temperatures at KB relative to TB inhibited reproductive development, altering the biochemical composition of oysters within sites and between sampling times. Oysters grown at KB were slower growing and smaller when compared to TB, but higher in glycogen, Omega-3, and Omega-6 fatty acids (particularly docosahexaenoic acid: 22:6 Omega 3). Different latitudes and culture types were contributing factors for observed differences in growth, physiology, and composition, resulting in characteristically unique oysters from either site.
