Author: Ichinkhorloo Dashbaljir
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659162800
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author Ichinkhorloo did her doctorate degree in Austria at the BOKU Wien in 2001-2004. This book includes her work about selection parameters for organic wheat breeding and research articles. Sustainable agricultural and natural resource management issue is becoming more serious in Mongolia. Currently there is no state policy on organic farming and organic accreditation system. Therefore local small scale organic producers can not export their product. For developing Mongolia it is important to bring up knowledgeable and experienced generation. Therefore we need to transfer knowledge and skill from highly developed countries. Dr. Ichinkhorloo's aim is to do her contribution in Mongolia's sustainable development.
Author: Lisa Kissing Kucek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Future generations require food systems that sustain functional natural resources and nourish human communities. Scientific researchers, farmers, processors, and consumers are all integral partners in identifying crop genotypes for sustainable food systems. We engaged diverse stakeholders in plant breeding and variety testing for organic wheat. To inform the structure of a breeding program for organic wheat, we assessed genotype by environment interactions and the potential for locally-adapted varieties. After ten regional farmers selected breeding populations on their farms, we evaluated the effectiveness of participatory breeding for traits of interest. In aggregate, this research stresses engagement and diversity in organic wheat breeding. In contrast to the priorities of most conventional wheat breeding programs, clients of the organic breeding program identified distinct priorities, including weed-competitive ability, artisanal baking quality, flavor, and low reactivity for those with wheat sensitivity. Trials distinguished varieties that induce less wheat sensitivity, exhibit high quality artisanal processing and desirable sensory attributes, and perform well under organic management. However, no one genotype performed best for all the farmer priorities, environments, processing applications, and types of wheat sensitivity. Our results confirm that many genotypes are needed to meet the diverse needs and environments of local and organic food systems. Furthermore, decentralized and participatory selection were proven to be effective methods for improving organic wheat genetics. Genotype by environment interactions revealed that decentralized selection in the northeastern and northcentral United States can optimize genetic gains for yield, test weight, weed-competitive ability, and early vigor in organic wheat. Evaluation of a participatory breeding program indicated that organic farmers were effective at selecting improved genotypes for their farms. Lines selected by farmers demonstrated gains in selection for the most important trait to organic wheat farmers: weed-competitive ability. Notably, optimal performance was seen on the actual farms where selections took place. We conclude that maximizing gains in organic wheat breeding requires many selection and testing environments. To reveal the true potential of breeding lines, testing environments must have similar genetic correlation to regional farmers' fields.
Author: Muhammad Asif
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319050028
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Genetically uniform cultivars in many self-pollinated cereal crops dominate commercial production in high-input environments especially due to their high grain yields and wide geographical adaptation. These cultivars generally perform well under favorable and high-input farming systems but their optimal performance cannot be achieved on marginal/organic lands or without the use of external chemical inputs (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides). Cereal breeding programs aim at evaluating candidate lines/cultivars for agronomic, disease and quality traits in a weed free environment that makes it impossible to identify traits conferring competitive ability against weeds. Moreover, quantification of competitive ability is a complex phenomenon which is affected by range of growth traits. Above (e.g. light) and below (e.g. water and nutrients) ground resources also influence competitiveness to a greater extent. Competitiveness is quantitatively inherited trait which is heavily influenced by many factors including genotype, management, environment and their interaction. Sound plant breeding techniques and good experimental designs are prerequisites for maximizing genetic gains to breed cultivars for organically managed lands. The brief is focused on breeding wheat for enhanced competitive ability along with other agronomic, genetic and molecular studies that have been undertaken to improve weed suppression, disease resistance and quality in organically managed lands. The examples from other cereals have also been highlighted to compare wheat with other cereal crops.
Author: Peter B. E. McVetty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Three crosses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) currently included in the University of Manitoba wheat breeding program were used to evaluate the use of physiological and/or morphological parameters alone or in combination on F2 plants or F3 families as selection criteria to identify high yielding F4 bulks. The F2 generation was handled as spaced plants grown in the field in two types of environments, (a) a stress-free environment and (b) a normal environment. Approximately 200 plants of each cross were measured for physiological, morphological, yield component and phenological traits as well as being visually rated for yield potential by 5 selectors. a reandom 50-seed sample from each of these plants was sent to Mexico in the winter of 1976-77 to generate F4 bulks. Groups of 49 for stress-free and 81 for normal environment grown F2's were returned from Mexico as F4 bulks to be yield - tested in a six - replicate partially balanced lattice design. The same 49 and 81 groups as tested in F4 were grown simultaneously from F3 remnant seed in the summer of 1977. The results indicated that the most common single F2 parameter which identified high yield potential in F2 was visual yield selection, however the selection intensity had to be low in order to retain a majority of the high yielding lines. A multiple regression analysis approach on a cross - specific basis was found to be better than a single F2 parameter approach because a majority of the high yielding lines could be retained with a much higher selection intensity. The results were simmilar for the F3 generation. A combined cross analysis using multiple regression indicated that productivity and peduncle length in F2 were the two most important common parameters. A prediction of high yielding lines based on these two parameters retained in excess of one - third of the high yielding lines with high selection intensity. However, no acceptable common parameters were found in F3 and it was concluded that replicated F3 yield tests would be more suitable in such cases. Harvest index evaluation in a productivity and height framework retained a majority of the high yielding lines while allowing a selection intensity of approximately 15%. This technique involved the use of an optimum harvest index in productivity and height extremes of statistically characterized populations. It is concluded that the harvest index - productivity - height approach to selection will enhance the effectiveness of plant breeders in their search for high yield in spring wheat.
Author: Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470958588
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field. Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.
Author: Peter B. E. McVetty
Publisher: 1978.
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Three crosses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) currently included in the University of Manitoba wheat breeding program were used to evaluate the use of physiological and/or morphological parameters alone or in combination on F2 plants or F3 families as selection criteria to identify high yielding F4 bulks. The F2 generation was handled as spaced plants grown in the field in two types of environments, (a) a stress-free environment and (b) a normal environment. Approximately 200 plants of each cross were measured for physiological, morphological, yield component and phenological traits as well as being visually rated for yield potential by 5 selectors. a reandom 50-seed sample from each of these plants was sent to Mexico in the winter of 1976-77 to generate F4 bulks. Groups of 49 for stress-free and 81 for normal environment grown F2's were returned from Mexico as F4 bulks to be yield - tested in a six - replicate partially balanced lattice design. The same 49 and 81 groups as tested in F4 were grown simultaneously from F3 remnant seed in the summer of 1977. The results indicated that the most common single F2 parameter which identified high yield potential in F2 was visual yield selection, however the selection intensity had to be low in order to retain a majority of the high yielding lines. A multiple regression analysis approach on a cross - specific basis was found to be better than a single F2 parameter approach because a majority of the high yielding lines could be retained with a much higher selection intensity. The results were simmilar for the F3 generation. A combined cross analysis using multiple regression indicated that productivity and peduncle length in F2 were the two most important common parameters. A prediction of high yielding lines based on these two parameters retained in excess of one - third of the high yielding lines with high selection intensity. However, no acceptable common parameters were found in F3 and it was concluded that replicated F3 yield tests would be more suitable in such cases. Harvest index evaluation in a productivity and height framework retained a majority of the high yielding lines while allowing a selection intensity of approximately 15%. This technique involved the use of an optimum harvest index in productivity and height extremes of statistically characterized populations. It is concluded that the harvest index - productivity - height approach to selection will enhance the effectiveness of plant breeders in their search for high yield in spring wheat.
Author: M. P. Reynolds
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9706480773
Category : Physiology
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Author: Nusret Zencirci
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819994780
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 783
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Book Description
Author: David Atkinson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119554616
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
A groundbreaking book that addresses the science that underpins organic agriculture and horticulture and its impact upon the management of organic systems With contributions from noted experts in the field, Organic Agriculture explores the cultural context of food production and examines the historical aspects, economic implications, and key scientific elements that underpin organic crop production. The book shows how a science-based approach to organic farming is grounded in history and elements of the social sciences as well as the more traditional areas of physics, chemistry and biology. Organic Agriculture offers a detailed explanation of the differences between organic systems and other approaches, answering questions about crop production and protection, crop rotations, soil health, biodiversity and the use of genetic resources. The authors identify current gaps in our understanding of the topic and discuss how organic farming research may be better accomplished in the future. This important book: Explores the science that underpins organic farming Contains illustrative case studies from around the world Examines organic agriculture’s philosophical roots and its socio-economic context Written for scientists and students of agriculture and horticulture, this book covers the issues linked to the use of science by organic producers and identifies key elements in the production of food.
Author: Anders Nilsson
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289320001
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
