Selection for Early Heading Date and Correlated Response in Traits Related to Maturity in Winter Wheat PDF Download
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Author: Lloyd May
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Author: Lloyd May
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Author: Beiquan Mou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Concerns about the genetic control and environmental influence of various stages of development including the grain filling period, and the relationship between early maturity and grain yield prompted this study. The experimental material consisted of two facultative and two winter wheat cultivars. A dial!el cross, excluding reciprocals, was also developed to provide an Fl generation. Information was collected for 14 traits and subjected to statistical analyses. Genetic differences among varieties were found for time of heading, flowering and physiological maturity, duration and rate of the grain filling period, grain yield and yield components. The facultative types, AI Feng 2 and Selection CB 83-52, showed earlier heading, flowering and physiological maturity, longer lag period (period between heading and flowering), and longer duration and lower rate of grain filling, resulting in lower grain yield. The winter cultivars, Stephens and Yamhill Dwarf, in contrast had later heading, flowering and maturity, shorter lag period, and shorter duration and higher rate of grain filling, giving higher grain yield. For the developmental stages after heading, larger differences were observed in the lag period while differences in duration of grain filling period were relatively small among the cultivars. Depending on the specific Fl population, there was a tendency toward dominance for early heading, a range from no to complete dominance for early flowering and no dominance for physiological maturity. Long duration and fast rate of grain filling were generally dominant. Grain yield was positively associated with the number of days to heading, flowering and physiological maturity. Also positive associations of grain yield were obtained with tiller number, kernel weight, grain weight per spike, biological yield and rate of grain filling. Negative associations of grain yield were noted with lag period and duration of grain filling period. No clear associations between physiological maturity and the yield components were found. Grain filling duration showed no association with yield components while grain filling rate exhibited positive association with tiller number and kernel weight. There was negative association between duration and rate of grain filling period. According to heading responses from different planting dates, Stephens and Yamhill Dwarf had high sensitivity while Selection CB 83- 52 and AI Feng 2 showed low sensitivity to vernalization. Genotype X environment interaction was observed with each cultivar responding differently for several traits depending on the planting dates.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 832
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant breeding
Languages : en
Pages : 1504
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Author: Ahmet Ertug Firat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Parental and segregating populations derived from four winter x spring wheat crosses were investigated to obtain information concerning the inheritance and association of earliness, grain yield and yieldrelated traits. Feasibility of selecting in early generations for these characteristics was also evaluated. Four winter wheat cultivars (Hyslop, Yamhill, Bezostaia 1, and Sprague) and one spring wheat cultivar (Inia 66) were chosen on the basis of their relative maturity and contrasting agronomic characteristics. Parents, F1 s, F2' s, and reciprocal backcrosses to both parents were planted in the fall in a space-planted randomized complete block design. The two environmentally diverse locations selected were the Hyslop Agronomy Farm, Corvallis, Oregon (1000 mm of rainfall) and Sherman Experimental Station, Moro, Oregon (250 mm of rainfall). The effectiveness of early generation selection for the measured characteristics was evaluated by growing F3 lines identified as the earliest 1% and the highest yielding 1% of F2 individuals in each cross. These were grown along with the parents, F1s, BC1 s, BC2 s and F2' s under space-planted conditions at Hyslop Agronomy Farm. A study with the same populations was conducted by vernalizing and planting in the spring to gain further information on earliness. Analyses of variance were conducted for all characteristics measured. Frequency distributions for days to heading of F1, F2, backcross generations and parents were examined. From the data collected, estimates of F 1 -midparent deviations, degree of dominance, heritability in the narrow sense and genetic advance under selection were determined for each cross. The data were further analyzed by parent-progeny regression, correlation and path-coefficient analyses, polynomial and multiple regressions. Partially dominant major genes, varying in number between one to five depending on the particular cross, appeared to influence heading date. Modifying factors also seemed to affect the date of heading. The gene action involved in the inheritance of earliness was primarily additive indicating that selection for earliness would be effective as early as the F2 generation under both high and low rainfall conditions. Estimates of additive and nonadditive gene action suggested both were equally important in determining the yield components. Higher heritability estimates for the components of yield indicated that there was more genetic variability associated with the yield components than yield per se. Occurrence of additive genetic variation by location interaction implied that selection should be practiced simultaneously under different environments if wide adaptability of potential lines is desired. Since pronounced additive effect by year interactions occurred for the yield components, delayed selection for these traits may not be productive. Positive correlations were obtained between yield and the number of days to heading when all generations were combined. However, in the F2 generations, it appeared possible to select for the desired earliness with high yields as indicated by the low association between these two traits. The path-coefficient analyses suggested that tiller number had the highest direct effect on grain yield. However, because of a negative association between tiller number and kernel weight, selection pressures would have to be balanced between these two components. In most cases, linear relationships existed between grain yield and seven measured traits, respectively. The result of regression analyses also showed that grain yield may be described best as a linear function of its components.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 870
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Book Description
Sept.-Oct. issue includes list of theses and dissertations for U.S. and Canadian graduate degrees granted in crop science, soil science, and agronomic science during the previous academic year.
Author: Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 766
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Book Description
Issue for 1910 includes also: Report of the director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station to the Governer of Kentucky on the enforcement of the Food and drugs act for the years 1908 and 1909.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 1390
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Author: Nafeti Titus Mheni
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Crop phenology is an important component of wheat adaptation to climate change. A few major genes and QTLs, along with minor genes have been reported to control variation for flowering and maturity in wheat. This study aimed to 1) identify QTLs for heading date (HD) 2) evaluate the accuracy and relative efficiency of genomic selection (GS) versus phenotypic selection for HD 3) assess the stability of alleles and genomic selection models for HD in spring and winter wheat. We used a soft winter wheat (SWW) panel phenotyped for HD in North America, and a hard spring wheat (HSW) panel phenotyped in the United States and Arusha Tanzania. The panels were genotyped with SNP markers. The analysis of genotype by environmental interaction produced two clusters of environments for each population with one cluster consisting of environments that produced a large range of HD and the other a narrow range. In both winter and spring wheat we detected seven very significant (p
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural experiment stations
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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