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Author: J. J. W. Coppen
Publisher: Fao
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Pinus is one of the most widely distributed genera of trees in the northern hemisphere, extending from the polar region to the tropics and including Central and North America, Europe and Asia. It is also one of the most widely planted exotics for timber and pulp purposes and large areas of pine are therefore found outside their natural range in South America, Africa and Australasia. In addition to their use for wood, pine trees are a valuable source of non-wood forest products: they can be tapped for resin, which can then be distilled to produce gum turpentine and gum rosin. Gum Naval Stores: Turpentine and Rosin from Pine Resin provides information on the technical and economic aspects of pine resin production including the tapping of trees and the distillation of the resin. It also reviews recent trends in world production and markets for gum turpentine and gum rosin. The book is intended for prospective new producers of turpentine and rosin, and for organizations and individuals appraising projects involving their production. It is particularly intended for those in developing countries.
Author: J. J. W. Coppen
Publisher: Fao
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Pinus is one of the most widely distributed genera of trees in the northern hemisphere, extending from the polar region to the tropics and including Central and North America, Europe and Asia. It is also one of the most widely planted exotics for timber and pulp purposes and large areas of pine are therefore found outside their natural range in South America, Africa and Australasia. In addition to their use for wood, pine trees are a valuable source of non-wood forest products: they can be tapped for resin, which can then be distilled to produce gum turpentine and gum rosin. Gum Naval Stores: Turpentine and Rosin from Pine Resin provides information on the technical and economic aspects of pine resin production including the tapping of trees and the distillation of the resin. It also reviews recent trends in world production and markets for gum turpentine and gum rosin. The book is intended for prospective new producers of turpentine and rosin, and for organizations and individuals appraising projects involving their production. It is particularly intended for those in developing countries.
Author: William M. Ciesla
Publisher: Fao
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
The objective of this paper is to provide a global review of the non-wood uses of conifers. For the purposes of this paper, conifers are defined as trees and shrubs of the botanical orders Coniferales, Taxales and Ginkgoales (Rushforth 1987). Although some services are briefly mentioned, the focus of this paper is on products which conifers provide species, which are important sources of non-wood forest products, and places where these products are harvested. With the exception of essential oils, which can be obtained from several parts of the tree, the products described are organized by the part of the tree from which they are obtained (e.g. foliage, bark and roots, resin, seeds and cones). Where possible, data on levels of production and international trade are presented. Problems associated with the sustainable management of these products and compatibility or conflicts with other land uses are also presented. Both contemporary and historical or traditional uses of non-wood products from conifers are discussed.
Author: Xiaosu Yi
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038976903
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Today, mainly man-made materials, such as carbon and glass fibers, are used to produce composite parts in aviation. Renewable materials, such as natural fibers or bio-sourced resin systems, have not yet found their way into aviation. The project ECO-COMPASS aims to evaluate the potential applications of ecologically improved composite materials in the aviation sector in an international collaboration of Chinese and European partners. Natural fibers such as flax and ramie will be used for different types of reinforcements and sandwich cores. Furthermore, bio-based epoxy resins to substitute bisphenol-A based epoxy resins in secondary structures are under investigation. Adapted material protection technologies to reduce environmental influence and to improve fire resistance are needed to fulfil the demanding safety requirements in aviation. Modelling and simulation of chosen eco-composites aims for an optimized use of materials while a Life Cycle Assessment aims to prove the ecological advantages compared to synthetic state-of-the-art materials. This Special Issue provides selected papers from the project consortium partners.
Author: K. Husnu Can Baser
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420063162
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 994
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Book Description
Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese scrolls, and Ayurvedic literature record physicians administering aromatic oils to their patients. Today society looks to science to document health choices and the oils do not disappoint. The growing body of evidence of their efficacy for more than just scenting a room underscores the need for production standards, quality control parameters for raw materials and finished products, and well-defined Good Manufacturing Practices. Edited by two renowned experts, the Handbook of Essential Oils covers all aspects of essential oils from chemistry, pharmacology, and biological activity, to production and trade, to uses and regulation. Bringing together significant research and market profiles, this comprehensive handbook provides a much-needed compilation of information related to the development, use, and marketing of essential oils, including their chemistry and biochemistry. A select group of authoritative experts explores the historical, biological, regulatory, and microbial aspects. This reference also covers sources, production, analysis, storage, and transport of oils as well as aromatherapy, pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism. It includes discussions of biological activity testing, results of antimicrobial and antioxidant tests, and penetration-enhancing activities useful in drug delivery. New information on essential oils may lead to an increased understanding of their multidimensional uses and better, more ecologically friendly production methods. Reflecting the immense developments in scientific knowledge available on essential oils, this book brings multidisciplinary coverage of essential oils into one all-inclusive resource.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gums and resins
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
This handbook aims to give in encyclopedic form, for ready reference, an illustrated summary to date of information on where and how pine gum, or oleoresin, is obtained from living trees with suggestions for improving methods of production. The information presented here, if applied, should result in more profitable returns from the forests, reduction of forest wastes, and improved products from the second-growth longleaf and slash pines in the Southeastern States.
Author: Kishan Gopal Ramawat
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642221439
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This reference work provides a wealth of information regarding medicinal plants and phytochemicals. It is addressed both to researchers and teachers. The handbook describes phytochemicals, which, by the strictest definition, are chemicals that are produced by plants. During the last decades, more and more groups became actively involved in exploring plants for useful metabolites that lead to the identification of several useful curative agents and many promising molecules to fight and/or prevent diseases, including carcinogenesis and stroke. But when we talk about phytochemicals, there are also medicinal plants where not a single molecule is responsible for the observed properties. This reference work therefore reviews and compiles the information on both these aspects. The volumes contain contributions on phytochemicals and herbal extracts. A large number of natural products obtained from plants and microorganisms is used in cosmetic, drug, flavor and fragrance industries. For this compilation, a range of the most important medicinal herbs and phytochemicals were selected and are described by the recognized authors in the field. The present reference work encompasses the information about well established phytochemicals, biology and biotechnology of medicinal plants or their products, their biosynthesis, novel production strategies, demand and uses, metabolism and bioavailability. There is a surge of information published in recent years on herbal medicine and their pharmacologic effects with single books available on varied subjects. However, all this information is widespread and difficult to overview. Researchers who wish to keep a pace with the rapidly developing field of natural products can now consult this newly compiled handbook to find all information about bioactive molecules and medicinal plants thoroughly compiled in one place!
Author: Michele R. Derrick
Publisher: Getty Publications
ISBN: 0892364696
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
This book provides practical information on the use of infrared (IR) spectroscopy for the analysis of materials found in cultural objects. Designed for scientists and students in the fields of archaeology, art conservation, microscopy, forensics, chemistry, and optics, the book discusses techniques for examining the microscopic amounts of complex, aged components in objects such as paintings, sculptures, and archaeological fragments. Chapters include the history of infrared spectroscopy, the basic parameters of infrared absorption theory, IR instrumentation, analysis methods, sample collection and preparation, and spectra interpretation. The authors cite several case studies, such as examinations of Chumash Indian paints and the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Institute’s Tools for Conservation series provides practical scientific procedures and methodologies for the practice of conservation. The series is specifically directed to conservation scientists, conservators, and technical experts in related fields.
Author: Jan W. Gooch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441962468
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1048
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Book Description
This reference, in its second edition, contains more than 7,500 polymeric material terms, including the names of chemicals, processes, formulae, and analytical methods that are used frequently in the polymer and engineering fields. In view of the evolving partnership between physical and life sciences, this title includes an appendix of biochemical and microbiological terms (thus offering previously unpublished material, distinct from all competitors.) Each succinct entry offers a broadly accessible definition as well as cross-references to related terms. Where appropriate to enhance clarity further, the volume's definitions may also offer equations, chemical structures, and other figures. The new interactive software facilitates easy access to a large database of chemical structures (2D/3D-view), audio files for pronunciation, polymer science equations and many more.
Author: North Carolina. Board of Agriculture
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : North Carolina
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
Author: Mikael Kjellin
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470686614
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Most modern surfactants are readily biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity in the aquatic environment, the two criteria for green surfactants. However the majority are synthesised from petroleum, so over the past decade the detergent industry has turned its attention to developing greener routes to create these surfactants via renewable building blocks. Surfactants from Renewable Resources presents the latest research and commercial applications in the emerging field of sustainable surfactant chemistry, with emphasis on production technology, surface chemical properties, biodegradability, ecotoxicity, market trends, economic viability and life-cycle analysis. Reviewing traditional sources for renewable surfactants as well as recent advances, this text focuses on techniques with potential for large scale application. Topics covered include: Renewable hydrophobes from natural fatty acids and forest industry by-products Renewable hydrophiles from carbohydrates, amino acids and lactic acid New ways of making renewable building blocks; ethylene from renewable resources and complex mixtures from waste biomass Biosurfactants Surface active polymers This book is a valuable resource for industrial researchers in companies that produce and use surfactants, as well as academic researchers in surface and polymer chemistry, sustainable chemistry and chemical engineering.
