Sectoral-Occupational Structural of Employment in Brazil and the Evolution of Income Distribution Over the 1990's PDF Download
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Author: José Celso Cardoso Júnior
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The paper analyses the new sectoral and occupational profile of Brazilian labour market in the 1990?s. Firstly we discuss some general aspects of the sectoral changes in employment and of the personal distribution of income in Brazil. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the personal distribution is more unequal in the service sector than in the industrial sector. This is particulary worrying when we consider the important incorporating role that has been performed by service segment in recent time. Finaly some characteristics of the occupational structure are presented in more details. The figures show that there is a process of expansion of the informal sector going on, which is regarded here as an evidence of the disorganization of Brazilian labour market.
Author: José Celso Cardoso Júnior
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The paper analyses the new sectoral and occupational profile of Brazilian labour market in the 1990?s. Firstly we discuss some general aspects of the sectoral changes in employment and of the personal distribution of income in Brazil. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the personal distribution is more unequal in the service sector than in the industrial sector. This is particulary worrying when we consider the important incorporating role that has been performed by service segment in recent time. Finaly some characteristics of the occupational structure are presented in more details. The figures show that there is a process of expansion of the informal sector going on, which is regarded here as an evidence of the disorganization of Brazilian labour market.
Author: Maurizio Bussolo
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic assistance, Domestic
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Over the medium time horizon, skill upgrading, differentials in sectoral technological progress, and migration of labor out of farming activities are some of the major structural adjustment factors shaping the evolution of an economy and its connected poverty trends. The main focus of the authors is understanding, for the case of Brazil, how a trade shock interacts with these structural forces and ascertaining whether it enhances or hinders medium-term poverty reduction. In particular, they consider the interactions between the migration of labor out of agriculture, a potentially important poverty reduction factor, and trade liberalization, which increases the price incentives to stay in agriculture. A recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model simulates Doha scenarios and compares them against a business as usual scenario. The authors estimate the poverty effects using a microsimulation model that primarily takes into account individuals' labor supply decisions. Their analysis shows that trade liberalization does contribute to structural poverty reduction. But unless increased productivity and stronger growth rates are attributed to trade reform, its contribution to medium-term poverty reduction is rather small.
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451854234
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.
Author: Joana Silva
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464806454
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
Continued social and economic progress in Brazil will depend on high employment, sustained labor productivity and income growth, and opportunities for the poor and disadvantaged to upgrade their own productivity and convert it into sustainable incomes.
Author: Leda Maria Fraenkel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Income
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Author: Guilherme Renato Caldo Moreira
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
This study deals with the impacts of structural changes on income distribution in Brazil in the period 1992-2002. A Pure Leontief Model and a Leontief-Miazawa Model were utilized to portray the structure of the economy in both years, and to perform counterfactual simulations on some important changes occurring during the period. The methodology allowed for the identification of the high and low inequality sectors in both years, and to their contribution to the increasing inequality during the period. It is interesting to notice that some sectors with low internal inequality ended-up provoking increased global inequality through their interaction pattern with other sectors in the economy,and through the consumption structure. The results also indicate that the change in sectoral shares in the period contributed to diminishing inequality. Therefore, the causes for increasing inequality remains within the distribution of wages within the sectors.
Author: Carlos Góes
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484326539
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.
Author: Marta Arretche
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319781847
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last few decades has brought a new phenomenon to renew researchers’ interest in the country. While the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from different areas, such as economists, sociologists, demographers and political scientists, this volume presents insights based on rigorous analyses of statistical data in an effort to explain the long term changes in social and economic inequalities in Brazil. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the relations between income inequality and different dimensions of social life, such as education, health, political participation, public policies, demographics and labor market. All of this makes Paths of Inequality in Brazil – A Half-Century of Change a very valuable resource for social scientists interested in inequality research in general, and especially for sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the social and economic changes that Brazil went through over the last two decades.
Author: Benedict J. Clements
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brazil
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author: Fernanda S. Camargo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Despite the advances in recent years in areas as education and combat to the poverty, Brazil continues to have one of the worst income distributions in the world. Nowadays, in a list with 126 countries and territories, Brazil has the 10th worse income distribution. As much as income distribution, another problem faced by the Brazilian economy is over the growing demand for employment generation. Taking into consideration both of these aspects, the purpose of this paper is to make a relation and to compare how the productive structure and the income distribution in the Brazilian economy have had an impact over employment generation in 1996 and 2002. This paper uses as a theoretical basis the Leontief-Miyazawa approach. This model is constructed for the Brazilian economy for the above years, taking into consideration five income brackets and 42 sectors.
