Author: Valerio Torti
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131737665X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 277
Book Description
Competition and intellectual property rights (IPRs) are both necessary for a market to work efficiently and to promote consumer welfare. Properly applied, intellectual property rules define a legal framework which allows undertakings to profit from their inventions. This in turn encourages competition among firms and enhances dynamic efficiency, to the benefit of consumer welfare. Standard setting represents one of the fields where the interaction between competition law and IPRs clearly comes to light. The collaborative goal of standard setting organizations (SSOs) is to adopt and promote standards that either do not conflict with anyone’s right or, if they do, are developed under condition that patents are licensed under defined terms. This book examines the tension between IPRs and competition in the standard setting field which can arise when innovators over-exploit the rights they have been granted and hold up an entire industry. The book compares EU and U.S. jurisdictions with a particular focus on the IT and telecommunication sectors. It scrutinizes those practices which could harm standard setting and its goals, looking at misleading conducts by SSOs’ members which may lead to breach the EU and U.S. antitrust provisions on abuse of market power. Recent developments in EU and U.S. standard setting are analysed highlighting the differences in enforcement approaches. The book considers how the optimal balance between IPRs and industry standards can be struck, suggesting a policy model which takes into account both innovators’ interests and SSOs’ goals.
Intellectual Property Rights and Competition in Standard Setting
Author: Valerio Torti
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131737665X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 277
Book Description
Competition and intellectual property rights (IPRs) are both necessary for a market to work efficiently and to promote consumer welfare. Properly applied, intellectual property rules define a legal framework which allows undertakings to profit from their inventions. This in turn encourages competition among firms and enhances dynamic efficiency, to the benefit of consumer welfare. Standard setting represents one of the fields where the interaction between competition law and IPRs clearly comes to light. The collaborative goal of standard setting organizations (SSOs) is to adopt and promote standards that either do not conflict with anyone’s right or, if they do, are developed under condition that patents are licensed under defined terms. This book examines the tension between IPRs and competition in the standard setting field which can arise when innovators over-exploit the rights they have been granted and hold up an entire industry. The book compares EU and U.S. jurisdictions with a particular focus on the IT and telecommunication sectors. It scrutinizes those practices which could harm standard setting and its goals, looking at misleading conducts by SSOs’ members which may lead to breach the EU and U.S. antitrust provisions on abuse of market power. Recent developments in EU and U.S. standard setting are analysed highlighting the differences in enforcement approaches. The book considers how the optimal balance between IPRs and industry standards can be struck, suggesting a policy model which takes into account both innovators’ interests and SSOs’ goals.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131737665X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 277
Book Description
Competition and intellectual property rights (IPRs) are both necessary for a market to work efficiently and to promote consumer welfare. Properly applied, intellectual property rules define a legal framework which allows undertakings to profit from their inventions. This in turn encourages competition among firms and enhances dynamic efficiency, to the benefit of consumer welfare. Standard setting represents one of the fields where the interaction between competition law and IPRs clearly comes to light. The collaborative goal of standard setting organizations (SSOs) is to adopt and promote standards that either do not conflict with anyone’s right or, if they do, are developed under condition that patents are licensed under defined terms. This book examines the tension between IPRs and competition in the standard setting field which can arise when innovators over-exploit the rights they have been granted and hold up an entire industry. The book compares EU and U.S. jurisdictions with a particular focus on the IT and telecommunication sectors. It scrutinizes those practices which could harm standard setting and its goals, looking at misleading conducts by SSOs’ members which may lead to breach the EU and U.S. antitrust provisions on abuse of market power. Recent developments in EU and U.S. standard setting are analysed highlighting the differences in enforcement approaches. The book considers how the optimal balance between IPRs and industry standards can be struck, suggesting a policy model which takes into account both innovators’ interests and SSOs’ goals.
Talent is Not Enough
Author: Shel Perkins
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0321984110
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 600
Book Description
The best business guide for design professionals just got even better! This revised and expanded third edition includes everything designers need-besides talent-to turn their artistic success into business success. You'll find information on key issues facing designers from freelancing to managing established design firms. A strong visual focus and to-the-point text take the fear factor out of learning about thorny business realities like staffing, marketing, bookkeeping, intellectual property, and more. These smart business practices are essential to success in graphic, Web, and industrial design. Here are just a few of the things you'll learn: - How to get on the right career path - The best way to determine pricing - How to avoid common legal pitfalls - How to manage large projects - The secrets of efficient design teams - How to forecast your workload and finances - Dealing with international clients - The merging models of ad agencies and design firms Talent Is Not Enough provides a big-picture context for these and other challenges and shares practical, real-world advice. Since its first publication, the book has become an essential resource for both students and working professionals in these areas and more: - Design planning and strategy - Corporate identity development - Publication and editorial design - Brand identity and packaging design - Advertising and promotion design - Marketing communications - Environmental design - Industrial design - Motion graphics - Interaction design - Information design "It is rare to find one individual with such a wide range of knowledge in the design-related fields. And, because of his experience as a designer, Shel brings a sensitivity and understanding to administrative issues while still respecting the artistic side of our industry." -Frank Maddocks, President, Maddocks & Company "Now that design skills have become a commodity, you need business skills to focus them. Shel has written a crackerjack book that will be on the shelf of every ambitious designer." -Marty Neumeier, author of The Designful Company, Zag and The Brand Gap
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0321984110
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 600
Book Description
The best business guide for design professionals just got even better! This revised and expanded third edition includes everything designers need-besides talent-to turn their artistic success into business success. You'll find information on key issues facing designers from freelancing to managing established design firms. A strong visual focus and to-the-point text take the fear factor out of learning about thorny business realities like staffing, marketing, bookkeeping, intellectual property, and more. These smart business practices are essential to success in graphic, Web, and industrial design. Here are just a few of the things you'll learn: - How to get on the right career path - The best way to determine pricing - How to avoid common legal pitfalls - How to manage large projects - The secrets of efficient design teams - How to forecast your workload and finances - Dealing with international clients - The merging models of ad agencies and design firms Talent Is Not Enough provides a big-picture context for these and other challenges and shares practical, real-world advice. Since its first publication, the book has become an essential resource for both students and working professionals in these areas and more: - Design planning and strategy - Corporate identity development - Publication and editorial design - Brand identity and packaging design - Advertising and promotion design - Marketing communications - Environmental design - Industrial design - Motion graphics - Interaction design - Information design "It is rare to find one individual with such a wide range of knowledge in the design-related fields. And, because of his experience as a designer, Shel brings a sensitivity and understanding to administrative issues while still respecting the artistic side of our industry." -Frank Maddocks, President, Maddocks & Company "Now that design skills have become a commodity, you need business skills to focus them. Shel has written a crackerjack book that will be on the shelf of every ambitious designer." -Marty Neumeier, author of The Designful Company, Zag and The Brand Gap
FCC Record
Author: United States. Federal Communications Commission
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Telecommunication
Languages : en
Pages : 508
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Telecommunication
Languages : en
Pages : 508
Book Description
For the Record
Author: Committee on Maintaining Privacy and Security in Health Care Applications of the National Information Infrastructure
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309524253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
When you visit the doctor, information about you may be recorded in an office computer. Your tests may be sent to a laboratory or consulting physician. Relevant information may be transmitted to your health insurer or pharmacy. Your data may be collected by the state government or by an organization that accredits health care or studies medical costs. By making information more readily available to those who need it, greater use of computerized health information can help improve the quality of health care and reduce its costs. Yet health care organizations must find ways to ensure that electronic health information is not improperly divulged. Patient privacy has been an issue since the oath of Hippocrates first called on physicians to "keep silence" on patient matters, and with highly sensitive data--genetic information, HIV test results, psychiatric records--entering patient records, concerns over privacy and security are growing. For the Record responds to the health care industry's need for greater guidance in protecting health information that increasingly flows through the national information infrastructure--from patient to provider, payer, analyst, employer, government agency, medical product manufacturer, and beyond. This book makes practical detailed recommendations for technical and organizational solutions and national-level initiatives. For the Record describes two major types of privacy and security concerns that stem from the availability of health information in electronic form: the increased potential for inappropriate release of information held by individual organizations (whether by those with access to computerized records or those who break into them) and systemic concerns derived from open and widespread sharing of data among various parties. The committee reports on the technological and organizational aspects of security management, including basic principles of security; the effectiveness of technologies for user authentication, access control, and encryption; obstacles and incentives in the adoption of new technologies; and mechanisms for training, monitoring, and enforcement. For the Record reviews the growing interest in electronic medical records; the increasing value of health information to providers, payers, researchers, and administrators; and the current legal and regulatory environment for protecting health data. This information is of immediate interest to policymakers, health policy researchers, patient advocates, professionals in health data management, and other stakeholders.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309524253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
When you visit the doctor, information about you may be recorded in an office computer. Your tests may be sent to a laboratory or consulting physician. Relevant information may be transmitted to your health insurer or pharmacy. Your data may be collected by the state government or by an organization that accredits health care or studies medical costs. By making information more readily available to those who need it, greater use of computerized health information can help improve the quality of health care and reduce its costs. Yet health care organizations must find ways to ensure that electronic health information is not improperly divulged. Patient privacy has been an issue since the oath of Hippocrates first called on physicians to "keep silence" on patient matters, and with highly sensitive data--genetic information, HIV test results, psychiatric records--entering patient records, concerns over privacy and security are growing. For the Record responds to the health care industry's need for greater guidance in protecting health information that increasingly flows through the national information infrastructure--from patient to provider, payer, analyst, employer, government agency, medical product manufacturer, and beyond. This book makes practical detailed recommendations for technical and organizational solutions and national-level initiatives. For the Record describes two major types of privacy and security concerns that stem from the availability of health information in electronic form: the increased potential for inappropriate release of information held by individual organizations (whether by those with access to computerized records or those who break into them) and systemic concerns derived from open and widespread sharing of data among various parties. The committee reports on the technological and organizational aspects of security management, including basic principles of security; the effectiveness of technologies for user authentication, access control, and encryption; obstacles and incentives in the adoption of new technologies; and mechanisms for training, monitoring, and enforcement. For the Record reviews the growing interest in electronic medical records; the increasing value of health information to providers, payers, researchers, and administrators; and the current legal and regulatory environment for protecting health data. This information is of immediate interest to policymakers, health policy researchers, patient advocates, professionals in health data management, and other stakeholders.
Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2014
Author: Phong Q. Nguyen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 364255220X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 728
Book Description
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 33rd Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, EUROCRYPT 2014, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in May 2014. The 38 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 197 submissions. They deal with public key cryptanalysis, identity-based encryption, key derivation and quantum computing, secret-key analysis and implementations, obfuscation and multi linear maps, authenticated encryption, symmetric encryption, multi-party encryption, side-channel attacks, signatures and public-key encryption, functional encryption, foundations and multi-party computation.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 364255220X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 728
Book Description
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 33rd Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, EUROCRYPT 2014, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in May 2014. The 38 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 197 submissions. They deal with public key cryptanalysis, identity-based encryption, key derivation and quantum computing, secret-key analysis and implementations, obfuscation and multi linear maps, authenticated encryption, symmetric encryption, multi-party encryption, side-channel attacks, signatures and public-key encryption, functional encryption, foundations and multi-party computation.
FATHER OF BITCOIN® SECRET KNOW MORE™: ANOOP BUNGAY
Author: Anoop Bungay
Publisher: MQCC® Meta Quality Conformity Control Organization incorporated as MortgageQuote Canada Corp.
ISBN: 1989758479
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 388
Book Description
Prevent claims of negligence, gross negligence, recklessness, willful blindness or reckless disregard in respect to the publicly disclosed, traceable, verifiable, unopposed (non-repudiated) ORIGIN of goods & services identified in commerce as: FATHER OF BITCOIN® FATHER OF CRYPTO® FATHER OF BLOCKCHAIN® (not a complete list; visit MQCC® at www.mqcc.org) Official history (ORIGIN) of FATHER OF BITCOIN® trademark registered brand. OFFICIAL MANUAL OF UNITED STATES (U.S.A.) GOVERNMENT-REGISTERED Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) of MQCC® Bungay International LLC Goods & Services. Educating: Elected Officials, Policy Makers, CEO’s, Lawyers, Investees, Investor, Professors, Liability Insurance Risk Underwriters, Students, Journalists, Social Media Influencers, General Public. This authoritative textbook provides you an introductory (elementary) standard of the correct and proper, traceable, fully-attributable, unopposed, incontestable, intellectual property rights register-registered (IPR3™), ORIGIN and nature, quality, character, characteristics, purpose, function, utility of goods & services borne of non-novel (exact) conformity science, including the world's first peer-to-peer electronic finance system and subordinate peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Possess an entry level (elementary) understanding about the ORIGIN of the Anoop Bungay MQCC® BITCOIN™ brand of goods & services; directly (on a peer-to-peer (p2p) basis) from the creator himself, Anoop Bungay (with a little help from elder brother, Santosh (WIZGOD®) K. Bungay). This textbook is for you, if you are a CEO (Chief Executive Officer), elected official (legislator, policy maker), professional consultant, lawyer, investment promoter, business idea promoter, seeker of capital ($) or investor (corporate investor, venture capital investor or personal family savings investor); This authoritative MQCC® textbook serves as your consumer, government, industry and academia risk prevention resource (RPR™), in order to provide you with an ELEMENTARY STANDARD of vital primary source, scientifically-verified, regulatory-integrated, commercial-safe knowledge on matters related to the ORIGIN of goods & services borne of non-novel (exact) conformity science and marketed-in-commerce to a world-wide (global, international) audience by the world-famous, well-known, trademark source identifier: FATHER OF BITCOIN®. FATHER OF BITCOIN® identifies a wide range of goods & services including the world's one and only "utility token system service", namely, the BUNGAY INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CONFORMITY OF ORGANIZATION AND INDIVIDUAL NETWORK: BITCOIN™ brand of "utility token system service" which, since at least as early as April 9, 2005, powers PRIVATELENDER.ORG™/®, the world's one and only OFFICIAL AUTHENTIC ORIGINAL™ OAO™ "peer-to-peer electronic finance system" and subordinate "peer-to-peer electronic cash system"; designed to BOTH enable (effect) the production, transfer and trading between two parties (peer-to-peer (p2p)) without the involvement of third party intermediaries, of physical (real world) and virtual (electronic) goods & services and their token representations (in-specie (actual) title ownership or in-specie (actual) financial security) between two parties (peer-to-peer (p2p)) without the involvement of third party intermediaries AND enable (effect) payment for the goods & services to be sent between two parties (peer-to-peer (p2p)) without the involvement of third party intermediaries including regulators, banks (central, non-central; federal, non-federal) in the following formats; "in-specie" (or "in-kind" or "in-barter"), without the use of money in either a physical or non-physical basis or "in-cash" (fiat currency) between two parties (peer-to-peer (p2p)) without the involvement of third party intermediaries including lawyers, trustees, escrow agents, regulators.
Publisher: MQCC® Meta Quality Conformity Control Organization incorporated as MortgageQuote Canada Corp.
ISBN: 1989758479
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 388
Book Description
Prevent claims of negligence, gross negligence, recklessness, willful blindness or reckless disregard in respect to the publicly disclosed, traceable, verifiable, unopposed (non-repudiated) ORIGIN of goods & services identified in commerce as: FATHER OF BITCOIN® FATHER OF CRYPTO® FATHER OF BLOCKCHAIN® (not a complete list; visit MQCC® at www.mqcc.org) Official history (ORIGIN) of FATHER OF BITCOIN® trademark registered brand. OFFICIAL MANUAL OF UNITED STATES (U.S.A.) GOVERNMENT-REGISTERED Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) of MQCC® Bungay International LLC Goods & Services. Educating: Elected Officials, Policy Makers, CEO’s, Lawyers, Investees, Investor, Professors, Liability Insurance Risk Underwriters, Students, Journalists, Social Media Influencers, General Public. This authoritative textbook provides you an introductory (elementary) standard of the correct and proper, traceable, fully-attributable, unopposed, incontestable, intellectual property rights register-registered (IPR3™), ORIGIN and nature, quality, character, characteristics, purpose, function, utility of goods & services borne of non-novel (exact) conformity science, including the world's first peer-to-peer electronic finance system and subordinate peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Possess an entry level (elementary) understanding about the ORIGIN of the Anoop Bungay MQCC® BITCOIN™ brand of goods & services; directly (on a peer-to-peer (p2p) basis) from the creator himself, Anoop Bungay (with a little help from elder brother, Santosh (WIZGOD®) K. Bungay). This textbook is for you, if you are a CEO (Chief Executive Officer), elected official (legislator, policy maker), professional consultant, lawyer, investment promoter, business idea promoter, seeker of capital ($) or investor (corporate investor, venture capital investor or personal family savings investor); This authoritative MQCC® textbook serves as your consumer, government, industry and academia risk prevention resource (RPR™), in order to provide you with an ELEMENTARY STANDARD of vital primary source, scientifically-verified, regulatory-integrated, commercial-safe knowledge on matters related to the ORIGIN of goods & services borne of non-novel (exact) conformity science and marketed-in-commerce to a world-wide (global, international) audience by the world-famous, well-known, trademark source identifier: FATHER OF BITCOIN®. FATHER OF BITCOIN® identifies a wide range of goods & services including the world's one and only "utility token system service", namely, the BUNGAY INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CONFORMITY OF ORGANIZATION AND INDIVIDUAL NETWORK: BITCOIN™ brand of "utility token system service" which, since at least as early as April 9, 2005, powers PRIVATELENDER.ORG™/®, the world's one and only OFFICIAL AUTHENTIC ORIGINAL™ OAO™ "peer-to-peer electronic finance system" and subordinate "peer-to-peer electronic cash system"; designed to BOTH enable (effect) the production, transfer and trading between two parties (peer-to-peer (p2p)) without the involvement of third party intermediaries, of physical (real world) and virtual (electronic) goods & services and their token representations (in-specie (actual) title ownership or in-specie (actual) financial security) between two parties (peer-to-peer (p2p)) without the involvement of third party intermediaries AND enable (effect) payment for the goods & services to be sent between two parties (peer-to-peer (p2p)) without the involvement of third party intermediaries including regulators, banks (central, non-central; federal, non-federal) in the following formats; "in-specie" (or "in-kind" or "in-barter"), without the use of money in either a physical or non-physical basis or "in-cash" (fiat currency) between two parties (peer-to-peer (p2p)) without the involvement of third party intermediaries including lawyers, trustees, escrow agents, regulators.
Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2020
Author: Daniele Micciancio
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030568776
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 839
Book Description
Conference on Cryptologic Research, CRYPTO 2020, which was held during August 17–21, 2020. Crypto has traditionally been held at UCSB every year, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic it will be an online event in 2020. The 85 papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 371 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Security Models; Symmetric and Real World Cryptography; Hardware Security and Leakage Resilience; Outsourced encryption; Constructions. Part II: Public Key Cryptanalysis; Lattice Algorithms and Cryptanalysis; Lattice-based and Post Quantum Cryptography; Multi-Party Computation. Part III: Multi-Party Computation; Secret Sharing; Cryptanalysis; Delay functions; Zero Knowledge.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030568776
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 839
Book Description
Conference on Cryptologic Research, CRYPTO 2020, which was held during August 17–21, 2020. Crypto has traditionally been held at UCSB every year, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic it will be an online event in 2020. The 85 papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 371 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Security Models; Symmetric and Real World Cryptography; Hardware Security and Leakage Resilience; Outsourced encryption; Constructions. Part II: Public Key Cryptanalysis; Lattice Algorithms and Cryptanalysis; Lattice-based and Post Quantum Cryptography; Multi-Party Computation. Part III: Multi-Party Computation; Secret Sharing; Cryptanalysis; Delay functions; Zero Knowledge.
Theory of Cryptography
Author: Kobbi Nissim
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030904539
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 753
Book Description
The three-volume set LNCS 13042, LNCS 13043 and LNCS 13044 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2021, held in Raleigh, NC, USA, in November 2021. The total of 66 full papers presented in this three-volume set was carefully reviewed and selected from 161 submissions. They cover topics on proof systems, attribute-based and functional encryption, obfuscation, key management and secure communication.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030904539
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 753
Book Description
The three-volume set LNCS 13042, LNCS 13043 and LNCS 13044 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2021, held in Raleigh, NC, USA, in November 2021. The total of 66 full papers presented in this three-volume set was carefully reviewed and selected from 161 submissions. They cover topics on proof systems, attribute-based and functional encryption, obfuscation, key management and secure communication.
Secret Oracle - Unleashing the Full Potential of the Oracle DBMS by Leveraging Undocumented Features
Author: Norbert Debes
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1435705513
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 406
Book Description
Secret ORACLE is the definitive guide to undocumented and partially documented features of the ORACLE database server. This book will improve your efficiency as an ORACLE database administrator and enable you to master more difficult administrative, tuning, and troubleshooting tasks than you ever thought possible. Topics covered include: The MERITS performance optimization method, which extends the state-of-the-art wait event tuning paradigm. Controlling processes of an ORACLE instance with the fragmentarily documented ORADEBUG command to trace SQL statements as well as wait events and dump process state, call stack, and hang analysis information. Tracing the cost based optimizer to understand its cost calculations and decisions. Understanding hidden parameters that govern Automatic PGA Memory Management. Leveraging undocumented features of the Oracle10g/11g scheduler and other partially or fully undocumented PL/SQL packages, such as DBMS_SYSTEM, DBMS_SUPPORT, and DBMS_UTILITY.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1435705513
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 406
Book Description
Secret ORACLE is the definitive guide to undocumented and partially documented features of the ORACLE database server. This book will improve your efficiency as an ORACLE database administrator and enable you to master more difficult administrative, tuning, and troubleshooting tasks than you ever thought possible. Topics covered include: The MERITS performance optimization method, which extends the state-of-the-art wait event tuning paradigm. Controlling processes of an ORACLE instance with the fragmentarily documented ORADEBUG command to trace SQL statements as well as wait events and dump process state, call stack, and hang analysis information. Tracing the cost based optimizer to understand its cost calculations and decisions. Understanding hidden parameters that govern Automatic PGA Memory Management. Leveraging undocumented features of the Oracle10g/11g scheduler and other partially or fully undocumented PL/SQL packages, such as DBMS_SYSTEM, DBMS_SUPPORT, and DBMS_UTILITY.
United States Code
Author: United States
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 1102
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 1102
Book Description