Second-generation PFBC systems research and development : Phase 2, Best efficiency approach in light of current data, Department of Energy, Washington, DC, CONF-9306148-46 PDF Download
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Author: A. Robertson
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: A. Robertson
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Languages : en
Pages : 9
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This report describes a second generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) power plant. The topping combustor testing is briefly described. The topping combustor burns low BTU gas produced from substoichiometric combustion of coal in a pressurized carbonizer. Char produced is burned in a PFBC.
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Languages : en
Pages : 25
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The objectives of Phase 2 of this project are threefold. First, the separate testing of key components [the carbonizer, circulating pressurized fluidized bed combustor (CPFBC), particle capturing ceramic barrier filter, and topping combustor] of second generation PFB combustion plants at laboratory scale to ascertain their performance characteristics is to be performed. Second, commercial plant performance and economic predictions will be revised. Finally, a 1.2-MWe equivalent integrated subsystem test of the key components will be prepared for Phase 3.
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Languages : en
Pages : 17
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The use of a Circulating Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor (CPFBC) as the primary combustion system for a combustion turbine requires transporting compressor air to the CPFBC and vitiated air/fuel gas back to the turbine. In addition, the topping combustion system must be located in the returning vitiated airflow path. The conventional fuel system and turbine center section require major changes for the applications. The combustion zone of the Westinghouse 501F turbine currently in production cannot contain the topping combustion system within the main structural pressure shell. Although the pressure casing can be enlarged both radially and longitudinally to accommodate the topping combustor system, the integrity and rigidity of the main shell would be significantly affected and, it could introduce rotor dynamics problems and preclude shipping the unit assembled. The currently favored configuration, which utilizes two topping combustor assemblies, one on each side of the unit, is shown in Figure 1. Half of the vitiated air from the CPFBC enters each of the internal plenum chambers in which the topping combustors are mounted. Fuel gas enters the assembly via the fuel nozzles at the head end of the combustor. Combustion occurs, and the products of combustion are ducted into the main shell for distribution to the first-stage turbine vanes. Compressor discharge air leaves the main shell, flowing around the annular duct into adjacent combustion shells. The air flows around the vitiated air plenums and leaves each combustion assembly via nozzles and is ducted to the CPFBC and carbonizer.
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Languages : en
Pages : 14
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The use of a Circulating Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor (CPFBC) as the primary combustion system for a combustion turbine requires transporting compressor air to the CPFBC and vitiated air/flue gas back to the turbine. In addition, the topping combustion system must be located in the returning vitiated airflow path. The conventional fuel system and turbine center section require major change for the applications. The selected arrangement, which utilizes two topping combustor assemblies, one on each side of the unit, is shown in Figure 1. Half of the vitiated air from the CPFBC enters an intemal plenum chamber in which topping combustors are mounted. Fuel gas enters the assembly via the fuel nozzles at the head end of the combustor. Combustion occurs, and the products of combustion are ducted into the main shell for distribution to the first-stage turbine vanes. Compressor discharge air leaves the main shell, flowing around the annular duct into the adjacent combustion shells. The air flows around the vitiated air plenums and leaves each combustion assembly via nozzles and is ducted to the CPFBC and carbonizer. Because the air entering the combustor is at 1600°F rather than the 700°F usual for gas turbines, the conventional type of combustor is not suitable. Both emissions and wall cooling problems preclude the use of the conventional design. Therefore, a combustor that will meet the requirements of utilizing the higher temperature air for both wall cooling and combustion is required. In selecting a combustor design that will withstand the conditions expected in the topping application, the effective utilization of the 1600°F air mentioned above could satisfy the wall cooling challenge by maintaining a cooling air layer of substantial thickness.
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Languages : en
Pages : 15
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The low-Btu gas is produced in the carbonizer by pyrolysis/mild devolatilization of coal in a fluidized bed reactor. Because this unit operates at temperatures much lower than gasifiers currently under development, it also produces char residue. Left untreated, the fuel gas will contain hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing tar/light oil vapors; therefore, lime-based sorbents are injected into the carbonizer to catalytically enhance tar cracking and to capture sulfur as calcium sulfide. Sulfur is captured in situ, and the raw fuel gas is fired hot. Thus expensive, complex, fuel gas heat exchangers and chemical or sulfur-capturing bed cleanup systems that are part of the coal gasification combined-cycle plants now being developed are eliminated. The char and calcium sulfide produced in the carbonizer and contained in the fuel gas as elutriated particles are captured by high-temperature filters, rendering the fuel gas essentially particulate-free and able to meet New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). The captured material, with carbonizer bed drains, is collected in a central hopper and injected into the CPFBC through a nitrogen-aerated non-mechanical valve. The high excess air in the combustor transforms the calcium sulfide to sulfate, allowing its disposal with the normal CPFBC spent sorbent. In the CPFBC, the burning char heats the high-excess-air flue gas to 1600°F; any surplus heat is transferred to the FBHE by the recirculation of solids (sorbent and coal fly ash) between the two units. Controlled recirculation is accomplished with cyclone separators and non-mechanical valves. The FBHE contains tube surfaces that cool the circulating solids. Because of the low fluidizing velocity in the FBHE ((less-than or equal to) 1/2 ft/s), the risk of tube erosion is virtually eliminated.
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Languages : en
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When DOE funds were exhausted in March 1995, all Phase 2 activities were placed on hold. In February 1996 a detailed cost estimate was submitted to the DOE for completing the two remaining Phase 2 Multi Annular Swirl Burner (MASB) topping combustor test campaigns; in August 1996 release was received from FETC to proceed with the two campaigns to: (1) test the MASB at proposed demonstration plant full to minimum load operating conditions; (2) identify the lower oxygen limit of the MASB; (3) demonstrate natural gas to carbonizer fuel gas switching; and (4) demonstrate operation with ''low temperature'' compressor discharge air rather than high temperature ((almost equal to) 1600 F) vitiated air. The 18 in. MASB was last tested at the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) in a high-oxygen configuration and must be redesigned/modified for low oxygen operation. A second-generation PFB combustion plant incorporating an MASB based topping combustor has been proposed for construction at the City of Lakeland's McIntosh Power Plant under the U.S. DOE Clean Coal V Demonstration Plant Program. This plant will require the MASB to operate at oxygen levels that are lower than those previously tested. Preliminary calculations aimed at defining the operating envelope of the demonstration plant MASB have been completed. The previous MASB tests have been performed at UTSI in a facility constructed to support the development of MHD power generation. Because of a loss of MHD funding, the UTSI facility closed October 1998. On February 2, 1999, Siemens Westinghouse proposed a 12-week study that would identify the cost of modifying the MASB for Lakeland low oxygen operation conditions and conducting tests 3 and 4 above at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC). On February 22, 1999, Siemens Westinghouse was given release to proceed with this study and results/recommendations were received on April 22, 1999. Siemens Westinghouse recommended a two-phase test effort. The first test effort would entail two 6-hour tests beginning November 1999 with the MASB operated with natural gas and ''cold'' compressor air. The MASB would be tested at full Lakeland pressure using the physical configuration planned for operation at lower pressure at Wilsonville in September 1999. As a result, the MASB test specimen would be a totally new unit (not a modification of a previously UTSI tested unit). The MASB would be installed in an existing AEDC test shell as shown in Fig. 1. Although the internals currently installed within the shell would have to be removed and reinstalled at the completion of the first test phase, no major facility modifications external to the shell are needed; this first test effort was estimated to cost $1.2 million. Although the second test effort was not the subject of this initial study, Siemens Westinghouse envisioned it being conducted in another AEDC test cell that is currently mothballed. The facility has been well preserved and it would be modified to permit syngas testing with both cold and hot vitiated air; these tests would not be conducted until the fall 2000 and were estimated to cost $3.2 million. Written questions were submitted to Siemens Westinghouse regarding their proposed test programs; their responses and cost estimates were transmitted to FETC on April 30, 1999. Review of the proposed programs by FETC revealed that they exceeded existing funding limits, and all further Phase 2 work was put on hold until additional funding becomes available.
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Languages : en
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 782
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Author: M. Alvarez Cuenca
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401106177
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
Pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) is one of the newest of the coal-based generation technologies available commercially. This authoritative volume contains an excellent balance of the theoretical and practical aspects of PFBC technology, including economics, the fundamental theory of plant design and sorbent characterization, using the results obtained from a wide range of pilot-scale and full-scale demonstration units
