Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309163846
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial. During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles-an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities. Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight-thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309214459
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments.
Author: Isecg
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781457849091
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309103879
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Natural and human-induced changes in Earth's interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a "decadal strategy" survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015 and beyond, and present a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions. This report presents a vision for the Earth science program; an analysis of the existing Earth Observing System and recommendations to help restore its capabilities; an assessment of and recommendations for new observations and missions for the next decade; an examination of and recommendations for effective application of those observations; and an analysis of how best to sustain that observation and applications system.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309313953
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
In 2010, NASA and the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council to assemble a committee of experts to develop an integrated national strategy that would guide agency investments in solar and space physics for the years 2013-2022. That strategy, the result of nearly 2 years of effort by the survey committee, which worked with more than 100 scientists and engineers on eight supporting study panels, is presented in the 2013 publication, Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. This booklet, designed to be accessible to a broader audience of policymakers and the interested public, summarizes the content of that report.
Author: Janet Vertesi
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022669108X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
In Shaping Science, Janet Vertesi draws on a decade of immersive ethnography with NASA’s robotic spacecraft teams to create a comparative account of two great space missions of the early 2000s. Although these missions featured robotic explorers on the frontiers of the solar system bravely investigating new worlds, their commands were issued from millions of miles away by a very human team. By examining the two teams’ formal structures, decision-making techniques, and informal work practices in the day-to-day process of mission planning, Vertesi shows just how deeply entangled a team’s local organizational context is with the knowledge they produce about other worlds. Using extensive, embedded experiences on two NASA spacecraft teams, this is the first book to apply organizational studies of work to the laboratory environment in order to analyze the production of scientific knowledge itself. Engaging and deeply researched, Shaping Science demonstrates the significant influence that the social organization of a scientific team can have on the practices of that team and the results they yield.
Author: Lisa Messeri
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 0822373912
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
In Placing Outer Space Lisa Messeri traces how the place-making practices of planetary scientists transform the void of space into a cosmos filled with worlds that can be known and explored. Making planets into places is central to the daily practices and professional identities of the astronomers, geologists, and computer scientists Messeri studies. She takes readers to the Mars Desert Research Station and a NASA research center to discuss ways scientists experience and map Mars. At a Chilean observatory and in MIT's labs she describes how they discover exoplanets and envision what it would be like to inhabit them. Today’s planetary science reveals the universe as densely inhabited by evocative worlds, which in turn tells us more about Earth, ourselves, and our place in the universe.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030944263X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
Space-based observations have transformed our understanding of Earth, its environment, the solar system and the universe at large. During past decades, driven by increasingly advanced science questions, space observatories have become more sophisticated and more complex, with costs often growing to billions of dollars. Although these kinds of ever-more-sophisticated missions will continue into the future, small satellites, ranging in mass between 500 kg to 0.1 kg, are gaining momentum as an additional means to address targeted science questions in a rapid, and possibly more affordable, manner. Within the category of small satellites, CubeSats have emerged as a space-platform defined in terms of (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm)- sized cubic units of approximately 1.3 kg each called "U's." Historically, CubeSats were developed as training projects to expose students to the challenges of real-world engineering practices and system design. Yet, their use has rapidly spread within academia, industry, and government agencies both nationally and internationally. In particular, CubeSats have caught the attention of parts of the U.S. space science community, which sees this platform, despite its inherent constraints, as a way to affordably access space and perform unique measurements of scientific value. The first science results from such CubeSats have only recently become available; however, questions remain regarding the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats in the future. Achieving Science with CubeSats reviews the current state of the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats. This report focuses on the platform's promise to obtain high- priority science data, as defined in recent decadal surveys in astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science and applications from space, planetary science, and solar and space physics (heliophysics); the science priorities identified in the 2014 NASA Science Plan; and the potential for CubeSats to advance biology and microgravity research. It provides a list of sample science goals for CubeSats, many of which address targeted science, often in coordination with other spacecraft, or use "sacrificial," or high-risk, orbits that lead to the demise of the satellite after critical data have been collected. Other goals relate to the use of CubeSats as constellations or swarms deploying tens to hundreds of CubeSats that function as one distributed array of measurements.
Author: Robert G. Melton
Publisher: Society of Automotive Engineers
ISBN: 9781560917465
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
Space station sessions at SAE conferences have emphasized certain spacecraft subsystems over others: environmental control and life support, and thermal control, as well as attitude control, human factors, extravehicular activity, and crew health and safety. This volume reflects the relative emphasis given to each of those areas at SAE conferences in recent years. Contents: Attitude Control - Control Structure Interaction of Multi-Flexible-Body Space Station and RCS Attitude Control Dynamics of Shuttle Berthing to Space Station Freedom Control and Sensitivity Analysis for the Solar Array Pointing System of the Space Station Freedom Avoiding On-Orbit Control/Structure Interaction Problems with Space Station Freedom Crew Health and Safety - Space Station Freedom Assured Crew Return Vehicle Medical Issues Space Station Radiation Dosimetry and Health Risk Assessment Crew Health Care Systems Installations for Space Station Freedom 1993 Update Space Station Freedom Deployable Medical Equipment Design and Development.Environmental Control and Life Support - A Review of Space Station ECLSS/ITCS Automation Numerical Prediction and Evaluation of Space Station Intermodule Ventilation and Air Distribution Performance A Description and Assessment of Intermodule Ventilation as Planned for International Space Station Alpha Space Station ECLSS Major Constituent Analyzer Development Unit Test Results Modeling and Test Data Analysis of The Life Support System Integration Facility Oxygen Generation Subsystem A Description and Comparison of U.S. and Russian Urine Processing Hardware for the International Space Station Systems for Water Reclamation from Humidity Condensate and Urine for Space Station Phase III Integrated Water Recovery Testing at MSFC: International Space Station Configuration Test Results and Lessons Learned Operational Data on the Gas Composition Support Aids (GCSA) for the Habitable Pressurized Volumes of MIR Space Station Mated Air Interchange System Performance Model for Space Shuttle/MIR-Station/Spacelab Docking Mission.Shuttle/MIR-Station/Spacelab Docking Mission - Development of the Fire Detection System for Space Station Freedom Post-Fire Cleanup on the Space Station Columbus APM Environmental Control System Overview: Space Station and APM Restructuring Consequences Impact of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Plant and Animal Life Sciences Research on Space Station Freedom First Entry Operations for Spacecraft Space Station Freedom Airlock: The Integration of IVA and EVA Capabilities in an Orbital Element.Extravehicular Activity - Preparing EMU for Space Station Hyperbaric Environmental Control Assembly for the Space Station Freedom Airlock Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris Hazard Considerations for Space Station-Related EVA Some Results on Modification of the EVA Suit for the MIR Orbiting Station Human Factors - Use of Free Time During Long-Duration Space Missions The Psychological Effects of Isolation on a Space Station: A Simulation Study Development and Testing of Intra-Vehicular Restraints and Mobility Aids for the Space Station Freedom Assessing Integrated Human-Machine Interface Design of Space Station Freedom Standard Interface Rack Hardware for Space Station International Space Station Alpha Node, Cupola and Pressurized Mating Adapter Outfitting The Provision of Interim Sleep Quarters for Space Station Crews.Thermal Control - International Space Station Alpha Thermal Control Design Changes and Decision Rationale Computer Control of an External Active Thermal Control System for the International Space Station Space Station Heat Rejection Subsystem Radiator Assembly Design and Development Design and Performance of Space Station Photovoltaic Radiators International Space Station Alpha Design-To-Freeze Radiators A Technical Overview of the Passive Thermal Control System for the Space Station Freedom Effective Emittance Measurements on Multi-Lay
Author: Joseph P. Bassi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781935704850
Category : Atmospheric physics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Despite having little to suggest its future as an international site for science, Boulder, Colorado, rose to prominence as a center of scientific learning in less than two decades. A shifting combination of scientists and sponsors emerged in the post-WWII and Cold War era, giving rise to a landscape littered with interdisciplinary environmental science labs that would become the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and NOAA s Space Weather prediction Center, major players among the many agencies that make up Boulder s science community today. This book chronicles the town s meteoric rise from Scientific Siberia to the smartest town in America, including the characters (such as Walter Orr Roberts) the science, and the policies that shaped the AstroBoulder, home of big science, that we know today. "
