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Author: Gary William Witmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Elk
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Daily and seasonal habitat use by Roosevelt elk was investigated in the Oregon Coast Range on managed, public forestland. Over 3,700 locations of 6 radio-collared cow elk were recorded during 12 consecutive months. Two elk formed part of a north band and 4 elk were part of a south band. Home ranges for elk bands were mutually exclusive and enclosed areas of 400 ha or less each season. Heavily used central cores of activity comprised a small portion of the total home range. Seasonal home ranges of a given band overlapped substantially and were largest in calving and summer seasons. Cow elk of a given band were most often associated with one another during spring, rut and winter seasons and were otherwise more dispersed. Elk exhibited preferences for old-growth forest and hardwood stands over mixed forest and dense, young conifer stands. Brushy clearcuts were utilized more than new clearcuts for foraging. Use of new clearcuts increased in winter. Elk preferred southerly aspects throughout the year, avoided roads (especially paved roads), and did not venture far from forest/clearcut edges. During calving season, cow elk spent more time in cover and utilized areas that were characteristically of lower elevation, gentler slope, greater seclusion and were closer to water than the rest of the year. Elk appeared unaffected by weather during the mild winter of the study and sought out cover during warmer periods of the day during all seasons. A consistent daily pattern of habitat use was for elk to forage on brushy clearcuts during early and late daylight hours and to retreat to an old-growth stand to bed and/or loaf through the midday period The pattern of several hours of activity followed by several of inactivity appeared to extend through the night, although elk were less active at night. Cover use, especially of dense, young, second-growth stands, increased and movement decreased during the hunting season. Despite variability in seasonal and individual elk habitat use, discriminant analyses suggested that cover types, adjacent cover types and aspects were the most promising of the parameters measured for the prediction of habitat use patterns of Roosevelt elk. Recommendations are proposed for the effective integration of management for elk and other forest resources.
Author: Gary William Witmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Elk
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Daily and seasonal habitat use by Roosevelt elk was investigated in the Oregon Coast Range on managed, public forestland. Over 3,700 locations of 6 radio-collared cow elk were recorded during 12 consecutive months. Two elk formed part of a north band and 4 elk were part of a south band. Home ranges for elk bands were mutually exclusive and enclosed areas of 400 ha or less each season. Heavily used central cores of activity comprised a small portion of the total home range. Seasonal home ranges of a given band overlapped substantially and were largest in calving and summer seasons. Cow elk of a given band were most often associated with one another during spring, rut and winter seasons and were otherwise more dispersed. Elk exhibited preferences for old-growth forest and hardwood stands over mixed forest and dense, young conifer stands. Brushy clearcuts were utilized more than new clearcuts for foraging. Use of new clearcuts increased in winter. Elk preferred southerly aspects throughout the year, avoided roads (especially paved roads), and did not venture far from forest/clearcut edges. During calving season, cow elk spent more time in cover and utilized areas that were characteristically of lower elevation, gentler slope, greater seclusion and were closer to water than the rest of the year. Elk appeared unaffected by weather during the mild winter of the study and sought out cover during warmer periods of the day during all seasons. A consistent daily pattern of habitat use was for elk to forage on brushy clearcuts during early and late daylight hours and to retreat to an old-growth stand to bed and/or loaf through the midday period The pattern of several hours of activity followed by several of inactivity appeared to extend through the night, although elk were less active at night. Cover use, especially of dense, young, second-growth stands, increased and movement decreased during the hunting season. Despite variability in seasonal and individual elk habitat use, discriminant analyses suggested that cover types, adjacent cover types and aspects were the most promising of the parameters measured for the prediction of habitat use patterns of Roosevelt elk. Recommendations are proposed for the effective integration of management for elk and other forest resources.
Author: Michael Dickens Pope
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Roosevelt elk
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Few studies have evaluated non-migratory Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) interactions and habitat use on lands undergoing extensive timber removal. We captured and radio-tracked for 14 months representatives from 29 different bands of elk across a 37,000 ha area of Oregon's Coast Range. We identified 6 habitat variables within individual elk home ranges and across the study area. In general, elk use of these habitats within individual home ranges was not significantly (
Author: G. W. Witmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Author: Eric K. Cole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Roosevelt elk
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
No studies have evaluated the effects of limited vehicle access on movements, survival and habitat use of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) . We installed twenty gates, restricting motorized vehicle access by the public in seven discrete Road Management Areas (RMAs), comprising 35% of the study area. We radio-tracked 31 cow elk for 13 months in a 38,000 ha area of the Oregon Coast Range. Prior to the installation of the gates, 20 of these elk had been tracked for 14 months, allowing a paired comparison of elk movements and habitat use before and during the limited access period. The percentage of elk home ranges or core areas within the RMAs did not differ between periods, but there was a clear decrease in daily movement of elk during the limited access period. Survival rates increased during the limited access period and declined after the removal of the gates. During the limited access period, there was a significant increase in the use of open, foraging habitats and areas 150 m from roads. We conducted habitat selection analysis on vegetative cover types, distance from roads and distance from water. In general elk use of vegetative cover types was not significantly different from availability (p0.05). Elk avoided areas
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animals
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
"This book examines international criminal law from a normative perspective and lays out how responsible agents, individuals and the collectives they comprise, ought to be held accountable to the world for the commission of atrocity. The author provides criteria for determining the kinds of actions that should be addressed through international criminal law. Additionally, it asks, and answers, how individual responsibility can be determined in the context of collectively perpetrated political crimes and whether an international criminal justice system can claim universality in a culturally plural world. The book also examines the function of international criminal law and finally considers how the goals and purposes of international law can best be institutionally supported. This book is of particular interest to a multidisciplinary academic audience in political science, philosophy, and law, however the book is written in clear jargon-free prose that is intended to render the arguments accessible to the non-specialist reader interested in global justice, human rights and international criminal law"--
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 1136
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forest protection
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
Author: Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (Portland, Or.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Author: Kurt Jeffrey Jenkins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Olympic National Park (Wash.)
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
This research provides information on the distribution of an unexploited Roosevelt elk population in unaltered habitat in Olympic National Park. Radio-telemetry was used to document home range and habitat use by 11 adult cow elk in the Hoh Valley during March 1978, from 10 June-15 September 1978, and from 1 January-20 March 1979. That information provides a baseline for comparison with managed herds adjacent to the park and identification of long term changes in the distribution of elk in the Hoh Valley. Four groups of cow elk were identified in the study area. Cow groups were stable; elk within a group used a common home range and were highly associated. Home ranges of elk from adjacent groups overlapped but there was no permanent interchange of collared elk between groups during the period of study. There was no significant difference between mean summer and mean winter home range size; however, summer home range was larger than winter home range in five, of seven, comparisons. Average home range area of collared elk was 1034 ha during summer and 1003 ha during winter. Daily movement of elk was greater during summer than during winter; minimum daily movement distance averaged 843 m during summer and 676 m during winter. Movement of cow elk with newly born calves in June was considerably less than movement of elk without calves. The habitat use of radio-equipped elk was studied in relation to 13 habitat units on national park land and 11 units on non-park land. Collared elk were found primarily in habitat units on the valley floor during both seasons, although there was seasonal variation in the use of those units. Elk were least selective of habitat during winter, most selective during late winter and moderately selective during summer. Alder flats were selected by each collared elk during late winter and were identified as important elk habitat in the Hoh Valley because use of such areas was prevalent during a nutritionally important time of year for cow elk. Other patterns of habitat use were discussed in relation to thermal and nutritional characteristics of the watershed.
Author: Butch Weckerly
Publisher: University of Nevada Press
ISBN: 0874177820
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
The Roosevelt elk populate the parks along California’s north coast and comprise the largest land mammals in the parks, some weighing up to 1,200 pounds. They are a stable terrestrial land mammal population, a fixture in the parks, but still require ongoing stewardship and management. In a study spanning more than twenty years, Weckerly made key observations and conducted various investigations under a multitude of ecological conditions. Few authors have dedicated this much time and effort into a single research area. It is a testament to perseverance that his groundbreaking study of the Roosevelt elk was so successful. He was able to document the independent dynamics of several herds of female elk, experience the extinction of one of their subpopulations, and record scientific conclusions in the context of resiliency and redundancy of the elk population. This book will be of considerable interest to those who investigate the ecology of big game animals, including naturalists, hunters, and individuals with particular interest in Redwood State and National Parks. It is an important book that contributes substantially to the persistence and viability of Roosevelt elk in the parks and the surrounding area.
