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Author: Hulusi Kafaligonul
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889195945
Category : Feedback
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
The visual system consists of hierarchically organized distinct anatomical areas functionally specialized for processing different aspects of a visual object (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991). These visual areas are interconnected through ascending feedforward projections, descending feedback projections, and projections from neural structures at the same hierarchical level (Lamme et al., 1998). Accumulating evidence from anatomical, functional and theoretical studies suggests that these three projections play fundamentally different roles in perception. However, their distinct functional roles in visual processing are still subject to debate (Lamme & Roelfsema, 2000). The focus of this Research Topic is the roles of feedforward and feedback projections in vision. Even though the notions of feedforward, feedback, and reentrant processing are widely accepted, it has been found difficult to distinguish their individual roles on the basis of a single criterion. We welcome empirical contributions, theoretical contributions and reviews that fit into any one (or a combination) of the following domains: 1) their functional roles for perception of specific features of a visual object 2) their contributions to the distinct modes of visual processing (e.g., pre-attentive vs. attentive, conscious vs. unconscious) 3) recent techniques/methodologies to identify distinct functional roles of feedforward and feedback projections and corresponding neural signatures. We believe that the current Research Topic will not only provide recent information about feedforward/feedback processes in vision but also contribute to the understanding fundamental principles of cortical processing in general.
Author: Hulusi Kafaligonul
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889195945
Category : Feedback
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
The visual system consists of hierarchically organized distinct anatomical areas functionally specialized for processing different aspects of a visual object (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991). These visual areas are interconnected through ascending feedforward projections, descending feedback projections, and projections from neural structures at the same hierarchical level (Lamme et al., 1998). Accumulating evidence from anatomical, functional and theoretical studies suggests that these three projections play fundamentally different roles in perception. However, their distinct functional roles in visual processing are still subject to debate (Lamme & Roelfsema, 2000). The focus of this Research Topic is the roles of feedforward and feedback projections in vision. Even though the notions of feedforward, feedback, and reentrant processing are widely accepted, it has been found difficult to distinguish their individual roles on the basis of a single criterion. We welcome empirical contributions, theoretical contributions and reviews that fit into any one (or a combination) of the following domains: 1) their functional roles for perception of specific features of a visual object 2) their contributions to the distinct modes of visual processing (e.g., pre-attentive vs. attentive, conscious vs. unconscious) 3) recent techniques/methodologies to identify distinct functional roles of feedforward and feedback projections and corresponding neural signatures. We believe that the current Research Topic will not only provide recent information about feedforward/feedback processes in vision but also contribute to the understanding fundamental principles of cortical processing in general.
Author: Stephane Molotchnikoff
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535107607
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
The neurosciences have experienced tremendous and wonderful progress in many areas, and the spectrum encompassing the neurosciences is expansive. Suffice it to mention a few classical fields: electrophysiology, genetics, physics, computer sciences, and more recently, social and marketing neurosciences. Of course, this large growth resulted in the production of many books. Perhaps the visual system and the visual cortex were in the vanguard because most animals do not produce their own light and offer thus the invaluable advantage of allowing investigators to conduct experiments in full control of the stimulus. In addition, the fascinating evolution of scientific techniques, the immense productivity of recent research, and the ensuing literature make it virtually impossible to publish in a single volume all worthwhile work accomplished throughout the scientific world. The days when a single individual, as Diderot, could undertake the production of an encyclopedia are gone forever. Indeed most approaches to studying the nervous system are valid and neuroscientists produce an almost astronomical number of interesting data accompanied by extremely worthy hypotheses which in turn generate new ventures in search of brain functions. Yet, it is fully justified to make an encore and to publish a book dedicated to visual cortex and beyond. Many reasons validate a book assembling chapters written by active researchers. Each has the opportunity to bind together data and explore original ideas whose fate will not fall into the hands of uncompromising reviewers of traditional journals. This book focuses on the cerebral cortex with a large emphasis on vision. Yet it offers the reader diverse approaches employed to investigate the brain, for instance, computer simulation, cellular responses, or rivalry between various targets and goal directed actions. This volume thus covers a large spectrum of research even though it is impossible to include all topics in the extremely diverse field of neurosciences.
Author: Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889197980
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Over the past 40 years, neurobiology and computational neuroscience has proved that deeper understanding of visual processes in humans and non-human primates can lead to important advancements in computational perception theories and systems. One of the main difficulties that arises when designing automatic vision systems is developing a mechanism that can recognize - or simply find - an object when faced with all the possible variations that may occur in a natural scene, with the ease of the primate visual system. The area of the brain in primates that is dedicated at analyzing visual information is the visual cortex. The visual cortex performs a wide variety of complex tasks by means of simple operations. These seemingly simple operations are applied to several layers of neurons organized into a hierarchy, the layers representing increasingly complex, abstract intermediate processing stages. In this Research Topic we propose to bring together current efforts in neurophysiology and computer vision in order 1) To understand how the visual cortex encodes an object from a starting point where neurons respond to lines, bars or edges to the representation of an object at the top of the hierarchy that is invariant to illumination, size, location, viewpoint, rotation and robust to occlusions and clutter; and 2) How the design of automatic vision systems benefit from that knowledge to get closer to human accuracy, efficiency and robustness to variations.
Author: Kia Nobre
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019882467X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1260
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Book Description
During the last three decades, there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of selective attention at the network as well as the cellular level. The Oxford Handbook of Attention brings together the different research areas that constitute contemporary attention research into one comprehensive and authoritative volume. In 40 chapters, it covers the most important aspects of attention research from the areas of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, human and animal neuroscience, computational modelling, and philosophy. The book is divided into 4 main sections. Following an introduction from Michael Posner, the books starts by looking at theoretical models of attention. The next two sections are dedicated to spatial attention and non-spatial attention respectively. Within section 4, the authors consider the interactions between attention and other psychological domains. The last two sections focus on attention-related disorders, and finally, on computational models of attention. Aimed at both scholars and students, the Oxford Handbook of Attention provides a concise and state-of-the-art review of the current literature in this field.
Author: Ian P. Howard
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199877343
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 671
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Book Description
The three-volume work Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This work is much broader in scope than the previous books and includes mechanisms of depth perception by all senses, including aural, electrosensory organs, and the somatosensory system. Volume 1 reviews sensory coding, psychophysical and analytic procedures, and basic visual mechanisms. Volume 2 reviews stereoscopic vision. Volume 3 reviews all mechanisms of depth perception other than stereoscopic vision. The three volumes are extensively illustrated and referenced and provide the most detailed review of all aspects of perceiving the three-dimensional world. Volume 1 starts with a review of the history of visual science from the ancient Greeks to the early 20th century with special attention devoted to the discovery of the principles of perspective and stereoscopic vision. The first chapter also contains an account of early visual display systems, such as panoramas and peepshows, and the development of stereoscopes and stereophotography. A chapter on the psychophysical and analytic procedures used in investigations of depth perception is followed by a chapter on sensory coding and the geometry of visual space. An account of the structure and physiology of the primate visual system proceeds from the eye through the LGN to the visual cortex and higher visual centers. This is followed by a review of the evolution of visual systems and of the development of the mammalian visual system in the embryonic and post-natal periods, with an emphasis on experience-dependent neural plasticity. An account of the development of perceptual functions, especially depth perception, is followed by a review of the effects of early visual deprivation during the critical period of neural plasticity on amblyopia and other defects in depth perception. Volume 1 ends with accounts of the accommodation mechanism of the human eye and vergence eye movements.
Author:
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119174155
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 996
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Book Description
II. Sensation, Perception & Attention: John Serences (Volume Editor) (Topics covered include taste; visual object recognition; touch; depth perception; motor control; perceptual learning; the interface theory of perception; vestibular, proprioceptive, and haptic contributions to spatial orientation; olfaction; audition; time perception; attention; perception and interactive technology; music perception; multisensory integration; motion perception; vision; perceptual rhythms; perceptual organization; color vision; perception for action; visual search; visual cognition/working memory.)
Author: Geoffrey Schoenbaum
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 718
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Book Description
Keynote address: Revaluing the orbital prefrontal cortex / R.J. Dolan -- Specialized elements of orbitofrontal cortex in primates / H. Barbas -- The orbitofrontal cortex: Novelty, deviation from expectation, and memory / M. Petrides -- Definition of the orbital cortex in relation to specific connections with limbic and visceral structures and other cortical regions / J.L. Price -- Role of orbitofrontal cortex connections in emotion / N.L. Rempel-Clower -- Perspectives on olfactory processing, conscious perception, and orbitofrontal cortex / G.M. Shepherd -- What can an orbitofrontal cortex-endowed animal do with smells? / J.A. Gottfried -- Taste in the medial orbitofrontal cortex of the macaque / T.C. Pritchard, G.J. Schwartz, T.R. Scott. -- The role of the human orbitofrontal cortex in taste and flavor processing / D.M. Small ... [et al.] -- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in sensory-specific encoding of associations in Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning / A.R. Delamater -- The contribution of orbitofrontal cortex to action selection / S.B. Ostlund, B.W. Balleine -- Neural encoding in the orbitofrontal cortex related to goal-directed behavior / T. Furuyashiki, M. Gallagher -- Interactions between the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampal memory system during the storage of long-term memory / S.J. Ramus ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex and the computation of economic value / C. Padoa-Schioppa -- Lights, camembert, action! The role of human orbitofrontal cortex in encoding stimuli, rewards, and choices / J.P. O'Doherty -- Orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala contributions to affect and action in primates / E.A. Murray, A. Izquierdo -- Synergistic and regulatory effects of orbitofrontal cortex on amygdala-dependent appetitive behavior / A.C. Roberts, K. Reekie, K. Braesicle -- Reconciling the roles of orbitofrontal cortex in reversal learning and the encoding of outcome expectancies / G. Schoenbaum ... [et al.] -- Flexible neural representations of value in the primate brain / C.D. Salzman ... [et al.] -- The contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsomedial striatum to behavioral flexibility / M.E. Ragozzino -- A comparison of reward-contingent neuronal activity in monkey orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Guiding actions toward rewards / J.M. Simmons ... [et al.] -- Orbital versus dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Anatomical insights into content versus process differentiation models of the prefrontal cortex / D.H. Zald -- Difficulty overcoming learned non-reward during reversal learning in rats with ibotenic acid lesions of orbital prefrontal cortex / D.S. Tait, V.J. Brown -- The role of orbitofrontal cortex in decision making. A component process account / L.K. Fellows -- Neuronal activity related to anticipated reward in frontal cortex. Does it represent value or reflect motivation? / M.R. Roesch, C.R. Olson -- Neuronal mechanisms in prefrontal cortex underlying adaptive choice behavior / J.D. Wallis -- Dysfunctions of medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex in psychopathy / R.J.R. Blair -- The orbitofrontal cortex, real-world decision making, and normal aging / N.L. Denburg ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex function and structure in depression / W.C. Drevets -- Symptoms of frontotemporal dementia provide insights into orbitofrontal cortex function and social behavior / I.V. Viskontas, K.L. Possin, B.L. Miller -- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in anxiety disorders / M.R. Milad, S.L. Rauch -- Vulnerability of the orbitofrontal cortex to age-associated structural and functional brain changes / S.M. Resnick ... [et al.] -- The orbital prefrontal cortex and drug addiction in laboratory animals and humans / B.J. Everitt ... [et al.] -- Neural correlates of inflexible behavior in the orbitofrontal-amygdalar circuit after cocaine exposure / T.A. Stalnaker ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex and cognitive-motivational impairments in psychostimulant addiction. Evidence from experiments in the non-human primate / P. Olausson ... [et al.] -- The orbitofrontal cortex, impulsivity, and addiction. Probing orbitofrontal dysfunction at the neural, neurochemical, and molecular level / C.A. Winstanley.
Author: Veronika Coltheart
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136940359
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
In the late-1980s, visual cognition was a small subfield of cognitive psychology, and the standard texts mainly discussed just iconic memory in their sections on visual cognition. In the subsequent two decades, and especially very recently, many remarkable new aspects of the processing of brief visual stimuli have been discovered -- change blindness, repetition blindness, the attentional blink, newly-discovered properties of visual short-term memory and of the face recognition system, the influence of reentrant processing on visual perception, and the surprisingly intimate relationships between eyeblinks and visual cognition. This volume provides up-to-date tutorial reviews of these many new developments in the study of visual cognition written by the leaders in the discipline, providing an incisive and comprehensive survey of research in this dynamic field.
Author: Susana Martinez-Conde
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080466095
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
This book presents a collection of articles reflecting state-of-the-art research in visual perception, specifically concentrating on neural correlates of perception. Each section addresses one of the main topics in vision research today. Part 2: Fundamentals of Awareness, Multi-Sensory Integration and High-Order Perception covers topics from filling-in to visual awareness to crossmodal interactions. A variety of methodological approaches are represented, including single-neuron recordings, fMRI and optical imaging, psychophysics, eye movement characterization and computational modelling. The contributions will provide the reader with a valuable perspective on the current status of vision research, and more importantly, with critical insight into future research directions and the discoveries yet to come.· Provides a detailed breakdown of the neural and psychophysical bases of Perception · Presents never-before-published original discoveries · Includes multiple full-color illustrations
Author: Karl Johan Åström
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 069121347X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The essential introduction to the principles and applications of feedback systems—now fully revised and expanded This textbook covers the mathematics needed to model, analyze, and design feedback systems. Now more user-friendly than ever, this revised and expanded edition of Feedback Systems is a one-volume resource for students and researchers in mathematics and engineering. It has applications across a range of disciplines that utilize feedback in physical, biological, information, and economic systems. Karl Åström and Richard Murray use techniques from physics, computer science, and operations research to introduce control-oriented modeling. They begin with state space tools for analysis and design, including stability of solutions, Lyapunov functions, reachability, state feedback observability, and estimators. The matrix exponential plays a central role in the analysis of linear control systems, allowing a concise development of many of the key concepts for this class of models. Åström and Murray then develop and explain tools in the frequency domain, including transfer functions, Nyquist analysis, PID control, frequency domain design, and robustness. Features a new chapter on design principles and tools, illustrating the types of problems that can be solved using feedback Includes a new chapter on fundamental limits and new material on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and root locus plots Provides exercises at the end of every chapter Comes with an electronic solutions manual An ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate students Indispensable for researchers seeking a self-contained resource on control theory
