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Author: Edward J. Calabrese
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780873717113
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Soil contamination is recognized as a significant environmental and public health concern. This state-of-the-art report features critical evaluations of 16 environmental fate and risk assessment models/approaches for dealing with contaminated soils. The evaluations were conducted by the Council for the Health and Environmental Safety of Soils (CHESS), a select board of highly-respected scientists from the federal government, state departments of public health and environmental protection, the private sector (including industry and environmental organizations), and academia. Each chapter provides a description of a model/approach with references to direct readers to more detailed information. The evaluations of each model/approach discuss the basis of the methodology in science, its applicability, its ability to address multiple environmental media, data input requirements, and general strengths and weaknesses. Risk Assessment and Environmental Fate Methodologies is a critical reference guide for groundwater and hazardous waste cleanup professionals, regulators, oil company officials, consultants, and libraries.
Author: Edward J. Calabrese
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780873717113
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Soil contamination is recognized as a significant environmental and public health concern. This state-of-the-art report features critical evaluations of 16 environmental fate and risk assessment models/approaches for dealing with contaminated soils. The evaluations were conducted by the Council for the Health and Environmental Safety of Soils (CHESS), a select board of highly-respected scientists from the federal government, state departments of public health and environmental protection, the private sector (including industry and environmental organizations), and academia. Each chapter provides a description of a model/approach with references to direct readers to more detailed information. The evaluations of each model/approach discuss the basis of the methodology in science, its applicability, its ability to address multiple environmental media, data input requirements, and general strengths and weaknesses. Risk Assessment and Environmental Fate Methodologies is a critical reference guide for groundwater and hazardous waste cleanup professionals, regulators, oil company officials, consultants, and libraries.
Author: Calabrese EJ.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Gary M. Rand
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100016294X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1152
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Book Description
This text is divided into three parts. The first part describes basic toxicological concepts and methodologies used in aquatic toxicity testing, including the philosophies underlying testing strategies now required to meet and support regulatory standards. The second part of the book discusses various factors that affect transport, transformation, ultimate distribution, and accumulation of chemicals in the aquatic environment, along with the use of modelling to predict fate.; The final section of the book reviews types of effects or endpoints evaluated in field studies and the use of structure-activity relationships in aquatic toxicology to predict biological activity and physio-chemical properties of a chemical. This section also contains an extensive background of environmental legislation in the USA and within the European Community, and an introduction to hazard/risk assessment with case studies.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030904894X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 668
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Book Description
The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.
Author: Nicolas R. Dalezios
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780407122
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
From the beginning of 21st century, there has been an awareness of risk in the environment along with a growing concern for the continuing potential damage caused by hazards. In order to ensure environmental sustainability, a better understanding of natural disasters and their impacts is essential. It has been recognized that a holistic and integrated approach to environmental hazards needs to be attempted using common methodologies, such as risk analysis, which involves risk management and risk assessment. Indeed, risk management means reducing the threats posed by known hazards, whereas at the same time accepting unmanageable risks and maximizing any related benefits. The risk management framework involves evaluating the importance of a risk, either quantitatively or qualitatively. Risk assessment comprises three steps, namely risk identification (data base, event monitoring, statistical inference), risk estimation (magnitude, frequency, economic costs) and risk evaluation (cost-benefit analysis). Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step, risk governance, i.e. the need for a feedback of all the risk assessment undertakings. There is currently a lack of such feedback which constitutes a serious deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards. This book emphasises methodological approaches and procedures of the three main components in the study of environmental hazards, namely forecasting - nowcasting (before), monitoring (during) and assessment (after), based on geoinformatic technologies and data and simulation through examples and case studies. These are considered within the risk management framework and, in particular, within the three components of risk assessment, namely risk identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation. This approach is a contemporary and innovative procedure and constitutes current research in the field of environmental hazards. Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management covers hydrological hazards (floods, droughts, storms, hail, desertification), biophysical hazards (frost, heat waves, epidemics, forest fires), geological hazards (landslides, snow avalanches), tectonic hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes), and technological hazards. This book provides a text and a resource on environmental hazards for senior undergraduate students, graduate students on all courses related to environmental hazards and risk assessment and management. It is a valuable handbook for researchers and professionals of environmental science, environmental economics and management, and engineering. Editor: Nicolas R. Dalezios, University of Thessaly, Greece
Author: John J. Cohrssen
Publisher: National Technical Information Services (NTIS)
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
Author: Igor Linkov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402022433
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
Decision making in environmental projects is typically a complex and confusing process characterized by trade-offs between socio-political, environmental, and economic impacts. Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) is a methodology applied to facilitate decision making when various activities compete for limited resources. CRA has become an increasingly accepted research tool and has helped to characterize environmental profiles and priorities on the regional and national level. CRA may be considered as part of the more general but as yet quite academic field of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Considerable research in the area of MCDA has made available methods for applying scientific decision theoretical approaches to multi-criteria problems, but its applications, especially in environmental areas, are still limited. The papers show that the use of comparative risk assessment can provide the scientific basis for environmentally sound and cost-efficient policies, strategies, and solutions to our environmental challenges.
Author: Katalin Gruiz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781138001558
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Chemical substances, physical agents and built structures exhibit various types of hazard due to their inherent toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, reprotoxic and sensitizing character or damaging to the immune and hormone system. The first steps in managing an environment contaminated by chemical substances are characterization of hazards and quantification of their risks. Chemical models — using only analytical data — are still the most widely used applications for assessing potential adverse effects and the fate and behavior of chemicals in the environment. Chemical models rely on the assumption that the adverse effect is proportional to the concentration, which in most cases is incorrect. In this volume, other models such as biological and ecological or regression models are discussed in detail and compared. Environmental risk management has two subsections: risk assessment and risk reduction. Environmental risk, to a large extent, arises from the adverse effects of chemicals and contaminated land; that is why measuring and testing these effects plays a key role in risk management. “Environmental Toxicology” deals with direct measurement of adverse effects of pure chemicals or environmental samples. This book has therefore been created specifically for engineers and gives a general overview of environmental toxicology. It provides an overview of hundreds of standardized and nonstandardized, generic and site-specific, conventional and innovative, animal and alternative test methods, and demonstrates how to apply these results to the regulation and management of environmental risk. In addition to human, aquatic and terrestrial methods for measuring toxicity, new trends in environmental analytics and the integration and complementary use of chemical analyses and the testing of effects are described. Bioavailability and accessibility as key parameters are detailed and the interactive and dynamic characterization of contaminants in soil is introduced. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation and interpretation of environmental fate and adverse effect data as well as the simulation of environmental processes and effects in microcosms and mesocosms.
Author: V.T. Covello
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306443824
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
This volume fills the need for a comprehensive guidebook and reference for risk assessment techniques. Within a generalized conceptual framework the authors clarify and integrate basic concepts; critique current methodologies; and teach the selection and application of a specific method and the interpretation of its results. The work makes these seemingly bewildering techniques accessible to readers from all disciplines.
Author: Robert A. Fjeld
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470096195
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 409
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Book Description
A COMPREHENSIVE TEXTBOOK AND REFERENCE FOR QUANTITATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS FOR BOTH CHEMICAL AND RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS Environmental risk analysis is complex and interdisciplinary; this book explains the fundamental concepts and analytical methods in each essential discipline. With an emphasis on concepts and applications of quantitative tools plus coverage of analysis of both chemical and radioactive contaminants, this is a comprehensive resource. After an introduction and an overview of the basics of environmental modeling, the book covers key elements in environmental risk analysis methodology, including: Release assessment and source characterization Migration of contaminants in various media, including surface water, groundwater, the atmosphere, and the food chain Exposure assessment Basic human toxicology and dose-response Risk characterization, including dose-response modeling and analysis Risk management process and methods Risk communication and public participation This reference also relates risk analysis to current environmental laws and regulations. An ideal textbook for graduate students and upper-level undergraduates in various engineering and quantitative science disciplines, especially civil and environmental engineering, it is also a great reference for practitioners in industry, environmental consulting firms, and regulatory agencies.
