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Author: Peter Otto Hess
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Peter Otto Hess
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Peter O. Hess
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319250612
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
This book explores the role of singularities in general relativity (GR): The theory predicts that when a sufficient large mass collapses, no known force is able to stop it until all mass is concentrated at a point. The question arises, whether an acceptable physical theory should have a singularity, not even a coordinate singularity. The appearance of a singularity shows the limitations of the theory. In GR this limitation is the strong gravitational force acting near and at a super-massive concentration of a central mass. First, a historical overview is given, on former attempts to extend GR (which includes Einstein himself), all with distinct motivations. It will be shown that the only possible algebraic extension is to introduce pseudo-complex (pc) coordinates, otherwise for weak gravitational fields non-physical ghost solutions appear. Thus, the need to use pc-variables. We will see, that the theory contains a minimal length, with important consequences. After that, the pc-GR is formulated and compared to the former attempts. A new variational principle is introduced, which requires in the Einstein equations an additional contribution. Alternatively, the standard variational principle can be applied, but one has to introduce a constraint with the same former results. The additional contribution will be associated to vacuum fluctuation, whose dependence on the radial distance can be approximately obtained, using semi-classical Quantum Mechanics. The main point is that pc-GR predicts that mass not only curves the space but also changes the vacuum structure of the space itself. In the following chapters, the minimal length will be set to zero, due to its smallness. Nevertheless, the pc-GR will keep a remnant of the pc-description, namely that the appearance of a term, which we may call "dark energy", is inevitable. The first application will be discussed in chapter 3, namely solutions of central mass distributions. For a non-rotating massive object it is the pc-Schwarzschild solution, for a rotating massive object the pc-Kerr solution and for a charged massive object it will be the Reissner-Nordström solution. This chapter serves to become familiar on how to resolve problems in pc-GR and on how to interpret the results. One of the main consequences is, that we can eliminate the event horizon and thus there will be no black holes. The huge massive objects in the center of nearly any galaxy and the so-called galactic black holes are within pc-GR still there, but with the absence of an event horizon! Chapter 4 gives another application of the theory, namely the Robertson-Walker solution, which we use to model different outcomes of the evolution of the universe. Finally the capability of this theory to predict new phenomena is illustrated.
Author: Cesar Augusto Zen Vasconcellos
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811220921
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
Recent discoveries in astronomy and relativistic astrophysics as well as experiments on particle and nuclear physics have blurred the traditional boundaries of physics. It is believed that at the birth of the Universe, a whirlwind of matter and antimatter, of quarks and exotic leptons, briefly appeared and merged into a sea of energy. The new phenomena and new states of matter in the Universe revealed the deep connection between quarks and the Cosmos. Motivated by these themes, this book discusses different topics: gravitational waves, dark matter, dark energy, exotic contents of compact stars, high-energy and gamma-ray astrophysics, heavy ion collisions and the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in the early Universe. The book presents some of the latest researches on these fascinating themes and is useful for experts and students in the field.
Author: Sabino Matarrese
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048186854
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
This book brings together reviews from leading international authorities on the developments in the study of dark matter and dark energy, as seen from both their cosmological and particle physics side. Studying the physical and astrophysical properties of the dark components of our Universe is a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of unveiling their nature. The work developed from a doctoral school sponsored by the Italian Society of General Relativity and Gravitation. The book starts with a concise introduction to the standard cosmological model, as well as with a presentation of the theory of linear perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic background. It covers the particle physics and cosmological aspects of dark matter and (dynamical) dark energy, including a discussion of how modified theories of gravity could provide a possible candidate for dark energy. A detailed presentation is also given of the possible ways of testing the theory in terms of cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift surveys and weak gravitational lensing observations. Included is a chapter reviewing extensively the direct and indirect methods of detection of the hypothetical dark matter particles. Also included is a self-contained introduction to the techniques and most important results of numerical (e.g. N-body) simulations in cosmology. " This volume will be useful to researchers, PhD and graduate students in Astrophysics, Cosmology Physics and Mathematics, who are interested in cosmology, dark matter and dark energy.
Author: Peter Otto Hess
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813234296
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Walter Greiner (1935-2016) was a German physicist of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, well-known for his many contributions in scientific research and developments, in particular the field of nuclear physics. He was a well-respected science leader and a teacher who had supervised batches of young collaborators and students, many of whom are now leaders in both academics and industry worldwide. Greiner had a wide interest of science which covered atomic physics, heavy-ion physics, and nuclear astrophysics. Greiner co-founded GSI, the Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, and the multi-disciplinary research center, FIAS (Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies). Besides numerous professorship with universities worldwide, including the University of Maryland, Greiner received many prestigious prizes in honor of his outstanding contributions, among others are the Otto Hahn Prize and the Max Born Prize.This memorial volume is a special tribute by Greiner's former colleagues, students, and friends honoring his contributions and passion in science. The volume begins with a writing by Greiner about his early days in science. The subsequent articles, comprising personal and scientific reminiscences of Walter Greiner, serve as timely reviews on various topics of current interest.
Author: Piero Nicolini
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319200461
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
These proceedings collect the selected contributions of participants of the First Karl Schwarzschild Meeting on Gravitational Physics, held in Frankfurt, Germany to celebrate the 140th anniversary of Schwarzschild's birth. They are grouped into 4 main themes: I. The Life and Work of Karl Schwarzschild; II. Black Holes in Classical General Relativity, Numerical Relativity, Astrophysics, Cosmology, and Alternative Theories of Gravity; III. Black Holes in Quantum Gravity and String Theory; IV. Other Topics in Contemporary Gravitation. Inspired by the foundational principle ``By acknowledging the past, we open a route to the future", the week-long meeting, envisioned as a forum for exchange between scientists from all locations and levels of education, drew participants from 15 countries across 4 continents. In addition to plenary talks from leading researchers, a special focus on young talent was provided, a feature underlined by the Springer Prize for the best student and junior presentations.
Author: John Spacey
Publisher: John Spacey
ISBN:
Category : Comics & Graphic Novels
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
This book should be read like a scientific fiction: indeed, I am an engineer and I am not a physicist and not an astrophysicist. In my 3rd book, "QUANTUM MECHANICS AND GENERAL RELATIVITY", I have explained how the time seems to be the link to bring together the two Theories of theoretical physics which are the Theory of General Relativity and the Theory of Quantum Mechanics. Physicists today believe that in order to achieve a complete unification of the two Theories we must understand and explain in a scientific way what the concepts of dark Matter and dark Energy are. In this book (my 4th), I must therefore analyze these two concepts since I began to want to bring together the two previous Theories. The concepts of dark Matter and dark Energy are related to my equation on the time t inside a moving mass m, located in the gravity field (therefore close) of an external mass MG. I have changed the time t at the level of the mass m by the following time t, and I will explain why these changes: t becomes: t . ( 1/§^2 ) . ( 1 – MG^2 / (m .§ )^2 ) . (1 – Rs^2 / d^2) . And I will also explain in this book the consequences of this modification.
Author: Luca Amendola
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139488570
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
Dark energy, the mysterious cause of the accelerating expansion of the universe, is one of the most important fields of research in astrophysics and cosmology today. Introducing the theoretical ideas, observational methods and results, this textbook is ideally suited to graduate courses on dark energy, and will also supplement advanced cosmology courses. Providing a thorough introduction to this exciting field, the textbook covers the cosmological constant, quintessence, k-essence, perfect fluid models, extra-dimensional models, and modified gravity. Observational research is reviewed, from the cosmic microwave background to baryon acoustic oscillations, weak lensing and cluster abundances. Every chapter ends with problems, with full solutions provided, and any calculations are worked through step-by-step.
Author: John Spacey
Publisher: John Spacey
ISBN:
Category : Comics & Graphic Novels
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
This book should be read like a scientific fiction: indeed, I am an engineer and I am not a physicist and not an astrophysicist. The Theory that I have developed in this book is linked to the time at the level of a high speed moving object. In my equation on the time t at the level of the moving object of mass m, there is also the external gravity MG to m which is defined as an important parameter.And so, all the physics areas where time or gravity is a parameter and when there is a moving object could be interested by my Theory.My equation on the time t at the level of the moving object of mass m allowed me to successfully quantify the effect of gravity in the sense that I can calculate the effect of an external gravity on the internal time t of a moving object (like a spacecraft for example). I found a relationship between t, v, m and MG.I have developed all these points in detail in this book.I have analyzed the two concepts of dark Matter and dark Energy and I have explained the links with my Theory.I have also explained how my Theory could help to bring together the two Theories of theoretical physics which are the Theory of General Relativity and the Theory of Quantum Mechanics.I will show also that long travels into the Space are possible according to my Theory, in the sense that the people who traveled inside the spacecraft could return to our Earth after the very long travel, without having aged, like the people who remained on our Earth. And so, travelers could return to our Earth and find people as they were when they left them!And I will describe the concepts of theoretical speeds, according to my Theory.I have found also 2 other areas where time and gravity are involved and so where there is a link with my Theory: The first one is gravitational waves and the second one is the power of spacecraft engines. And I will explain what could be the links with my Theory.I will also explain how the current physics is respected.
Author: Stefan Schramm
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319441655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
This volume presents the state-of-the-art in selected topics across modern nuclear physics, covering fields of central importance to research and illustrating their connection to many different areas of physics. It describes recent progress in the study of superheavy and exotic nuclei, which is pushing our knowledge to ever heavier elements and neutron-richer isotopes. Extending nuclear physics to systems that are many times denser than even the core of an atomic nucleus, one enters the realm of the physics of neutron stars and possibly quark stars, a topic that is intensively investigated with many ground-based and outer-space research missions as well as numerous theoretical works. By colliding two nuclei at very high ultra-relativistic energies one can create a fireball of extremely hot matter, reminiscent of the universe very shortly after the big bang, leading to a phase of melted hadrons and free quarks and gluons, the so-called quark-gluon plasma. These studies tie up with effects of crucial importance in other fields. During the collision of heavy ions, electric fields of extreme strength are produced, potentially destabilizing the vacuum of the atomic physics system, subsequently leading to the decay of the vacuum state and the emission of positrons. In neutron stars the ultra-dense matter might support extremely high magnetic fields, far beyond anything that can be produced in the laboratory, significantly affecting the stellar properties. At very high densities general relativity predicts the stellar collapse to a black hole. However, a number of current theoretical activities, modifying Einstein’s theory, point to possible alternative scenarios, where this collapse might be avoided. These and related topics are addressed in this book in a series of highly readable chapters. In addition, the book includes fundamental analyses of the practicalities involved in transiting to an electricity supply mainly based on renewable energies, investigating this scenario less from an engineering and more from a physics point of view. While the topics comprise a large scope of activities, the contributions also show an extensive overlap in the methodology and in the analytical and numerical tools involved in tackling these diverse research fields that are the forefront of modern science.
