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Author: Peter V. Giannoudis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Author: Peter V. Giannoudis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: United States Public Health Service
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781410219275
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.
Author: Alessandro Rozim Zorzi
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535137883
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
This work is the result of a partnership that began in 2011, when I received for the first time the invitation to be the scientific editor of a book on bone grafting, by the still little publisher known as InTech. Now six years later, InTech has grown and thrived. My respect and warm approval for the quality of the publisher's work only increased. The hyaline cartilage is a tissue that challenges tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because of its avascular nature. In the 11 chapters of this book, the reader will find texts written by researchers working on advanced topics related to basic laboratory research, as well as excellent reviews on the clinical use of currently available therapies.
Author: Jack Farr
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461404274
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
Attempting to bridge the gap between the science and art of cartilage restoration, Cartilage Restoration: Practical Clinical Applications combines an overview of clinical research and methodologies with clinical cases to help guide the orthopedic treatment and care of patients presenting with cartilage issues. With chapters written by internationally-renowned orthopedic surgeons, topics include an overview of current surgical options, debridement and marrow stimulation, autograft plug transfer, allografts, cell therapy, and meniscal issues. Cartilage Restoration is a valuable resource for orthopedic surgeons, residents, and fellows.
Author: C. Camacho-Hübner
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805597932
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
In systemic childhood diseases, including cancer, gastrointestinal, pulmonary and cardiac disorders, childhood growth is severely impaired. In addition, almost 400 known genetic diseases inhibit the ability of the growth plate to form new bone, leaving affected children with growth failure and bony deformities which can severely impact their quality of life and may lead to morbidity and early mortality.This book provides a comprehensive review of bone and cartilage development, growth and disease. Focusing on novel treatment strategies, regulatory signals and molecular mechanisms are discussed in relation to the diseases affecting them. Furthermore, novel methodologies in bone and cartilage research based on recent advances in skeletal stem cell biology, cartilage tissue engineering and allele-specific gene silencing is covered.Providing insight into the basic mechanisms of bone growth, structure and metabolism, research methodology, as well as discussing the clinical management of related diseases, this book is of particular value to physicians with a special interest in bone and cartilage biology; in particular endocrinologists and pediatric endocrinologists that see patients with growth disorders, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and skeletal dysplasias.
Author: Jona J. Sela
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146142058X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Principles of Bone Regeneration is a timely publication that addresses the modern aspects of bone healing and repair. This exciting new volume details the convergence of the different experimental and clinical approaches designed for the study and treatment of bone healing in its diverse forms and under varying conditions. Bone healing is affected by a multitude of genetic, environmental, mechanical, cellular and endocrine variables which eventually lead to changes in gene expression that enhance the guided action of osteoblasts (and chondroblasts) to lay down bone that restores, or even improves, the skeletal load bearing capacity. Recent breakthroughs in understanding the regulatory aspects of bone formation and resorption, in both research and clinical arenas offer new modalities to induce, enhances and guide repair processes in bone for the benefit of millions of patients with conditions such as nonunion fractures, critical size defects, orthodontic tooth movement, periodontal bone loss, intraosseous implants and deformed bones.
Author: Jack Farr
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319771523
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this practical text utilizes the most current evidence and knowledge of articular cartilage as the basis for clinical interventions for cartilage repair and restoration, combining an overview of clinical research and methodologies with clinical cases to help guide the orthopedic treatment and care of patients presenting with cartilage issues. Carefully updated chapters discuss the state-of-the-art in cartilage anatomy, defects and imaging, current tibiofemoral and patellofemoral surgical options, debridement and marrow stimulation, osteochondral autografts and allografts, osteotomies, cell therapy, and meniscal transplantation. New chapters explore new surgical treatment strategies and revision for failed cartilage repair, case vignettes presenting real-life treatment decisions and outcomes, and rehabilitation protocols following cartilage repair. Written and edited by experts in the field and bringing the most recent literature and research to bear, Cartilage Restoration remains a valuable resource on joint preservation for orthopedic surgeons, residents, and fellows, sports medicine specialists and rheumatologists.
Author: Hemanth Akkiraju
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369351392
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, are two most common skeletal disorders that are idiopathic in nature. Osteoporosis is characterized by excessive bone resorption and inadequate formation of bone resulting in skeletal fragility. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degradation of articular cartilage (AC) that surrounds the diarthrodial joints followed by the formation of osteophytes that calcification of cartilaginous tissue. While there are pharmacotherapeutics today that can slow the progress of bone loss due to osteoporosis induced bone loss, the long term effects are not effective and atypical fractures are commonly observed (Schilcher et al., 2014). In OA there is no drug today that can slow the progression of the disease nor help regenerate the lost cartilage. Therefore, there is a dire need for research to find effective targets for pharmacological development that can slow the process of disease progression and also regenerate the lost tissue. It is beneficial to exploit the basic molecular mechanisms that control the overall tissue generation to identify therapeutic targets. Growth factors greatly influence the process of bone and cartilage formation. Among the growth factors Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are essential for formation and maintenance of long bones and AC. -- Among BMPs, BMP2 is important for embryogenesis, development, and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis (Wang et al., 2014). BMP2 is a potent growth factor that is essential for limb patterning and proper bone and cartilage formation. BMP2 is present in all stages of chondrocyte development and also regulates osteoblastogenesis and indirectly osteoclastogenesis. BMP2 is pleiotropic in nature and influence many bodily functions. In musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoporosis or OA, BMP2 plays varied roles contributing to the progression of the diseases. In osteoporosis, the BMP2 effect of osteoblastogenesis is reduced but increases osteoclastogenesis and adipogenesis (Donoso et al., 2015; Itoh et al., 2001). In OA increased physiological levels of BMP2 induce chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage degradation followed by subchondral bone alterations and osteophyte formation (van der Kraan et al., 2010). BMP2 and BMP7 are approved by the FDA for bone fracture healing and are also in consideration for osteoporotic and osteoarthritic therapy. However, as mentioned earlier BMP2 can elicit both anabolic and catabolic activities. Therefore, by targeting these specific signaling mechanisms can help us in therapeutic development. -- Nohe has demonstrated previously a novel Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type Ia (BMPRIa) interaction with Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) (Bragdon et al., 2010). It is demonstrated that upon BMP2 binding to the serine/threonine kinase receptor complex CK2 dissociates from BMPRIa allowing the phosphorylation of downstream signals (Bragdon et al., 2010). Using prosite search Nohe lab has identified three potential BMPRIa CK2 interaction sites. Nohe lab has developed three mimetic peptides (CK2.3, CK2.2, and CK2.1) that encompass the site specific sequences that could block the interaction of CK2 with BMPRIa. In this study I investigated the potential of the peptides CK2.3, and CK2.1 in activating BMPRIa downstream signaling for inducing bone and cartilage formation respectively. Nohe lab previously demonstrated the effect of CK2.3 in osteogenesis and bone formation in mice calvaria (Bragdon et al., 2011b). In this study I examined the effect of CK2.3 in trabecular bone formation (Akkiraju et al., 2015). Where CK2.3 induced trabecular bone growth by inducing osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity as compared to BMP2 that activated both osteoblast and osteoclast activity. -- Moreover, I demonstrated here CK2.1 induced chondrogenesis but not osteogenesis in vitro by activating the BMPRIa downstream signaling and cartilage formation and cartilage repair in vivo. Peptide CK2.1 induced chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and demonstrated positive chondrogenic differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion without the induction of chondrocyte hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. CK2.1 induced chondrogenic regulation resulted in positive secretion of collagen type II and collagen type IX formation without collagen type X (hypertrophic marker). In mice, CK2.1 systemic injections lead to increased cartilage formation in a similar capacity as BMP2. Furthermore, in an OA mice model that underwent Destabilization of Medial Meniscus (DMM) that AC damage through secondary injury was injected intra-articularly with slow release system of CK2.1 conjugated with hyaluronic acid based gels (HGPs). This HGP-CK2.1 intra-articular injections completely restored the lost cartilage comparable to SHAM treated mice. Moreover, both systemic treatments and DMM mice femurs injected with CK2.1 demonstrated proteoglycan secretion and collagen type II and collagen type IX but not collagen type X. This is in sharp contrast with the systemic BMP2 injected group that demonstrated up regulation of collagen type II and also collagen type X thereby enhancing chondrocyte hypertrophy. Peptide CK2.3 specifically induced osteogenesis in MSCs and bone formation in similar capacity to BMP2 treatments in mice without activating osteoclastogenesis as did BMP2 treatment. Similarly, CK2.1 induced specifically chondrogenesis and cartilage formation and repair without inducing chondrocyte hypertrophy or cartilage degradation. Both peptides CK2.3 and CK2.1 may specifically regulate BMPRIa downstream signaling for bone and cartilage formation respectively. Understanding these signaling cascades can help identify the molecular targets necessary for inducing bone and cartilage growth. In this study I have successfully demonstrated the potential of peptide CK2.3 in bone formation and peptide CK2.1 in cartilage formation and cartilage repair. Taken together, these peptides present a unique opportunity for identifying the therapeutic targets that can used for treating bone and cartilage disorders like osteoporosis or OA.
Author: Gregory R. Bock
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470864230
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Tissue engineering takes advantages of the combined use of cultured living cells and three-dimensional scaffolds to reconstruct adult tissues that are absent or malfunctioning. This book brings together scientists and clinicians working on a variety of approaches for regenerating of damaged or lost cartilage and bone to assess the progress of this dynamic field. In its early days, tissue engineering was driven by material scientists who designed novel bio-resorbable scaffolds on which to seed cells and grow tissues. This ground-breaking work generated high expectations, but there have been significant stumbling blocks holding back the widespread use of these techniques in the clinic. These challenges, and potential ways of overcoming them, are given thorough coverage in the discussions that follow each chapter. The key questions addressed in this book include the following. How good must cartilage repair be for it to be worthwhile? What is the best source of cells for tissue engineering of both bone and cartilage? Which are the most effective cell scaffolds? What are the best preclinical models for these technologies? And when it comes to clinical trials, what sort of outcome measures should be used? With contributions from some of the leading experts in this field, this timely publication will prove essential reading for anyone with an interest in the field of tissue engineering.
Author: Phuc Van Pham
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319401440
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
This invaluable resource discusses clinical applications with effects and side-effects of applications of stem cells in bone and cartilage regeneration. Each chapter is contributed by a pre-eminent scientist in the field and covers such topics as skeletal regeneration by mesenchymal stem cells, clinical improvement of mesenchymal stem cell injection in injured cartilage and osteoarthritis, Good manufacturing practice (GMP), minimal critera of stem cells for clinical applications, future directions of the discussed therapies and much more. Bone & Cartilage Regeneration and the other books in the Stem Cells in Clinical Applications series will be invaluable to scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering.
