Author: Maksudur Rahman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 204

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Author: Muhammad Afzal
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659134579
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 136

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Book Description
Being an agriculture country Pakistan is facing shortage of green forage due to harsh summer and winter frost.Sorghum fodder is the basic feed for live stock and especially valuable for feeding in the plain regions. Cured sorghum fodder, with a little protein supplement, maintains cattle in good condition throughout the winter with little or no gain supplement. Its green fodder contains 70% carbohydrates, minerals, crude fat and nitrogen free extract. Multicut sorghum is a better replacement because it can withstand in harsh environment and has xerophytic characteristics.this study was proposed to evaluate different levels of nitrogen and sowing methods for sorghum forage. In this experiment different levels of nitrogen fertilizer i.e. 0, 57.5, 28.75,45 kg N/ha and sowing methods 1. broad coast 2. Line sowing (30 cm b/w rows)were used. It was concluded that nitrogen application N2 (57.5 kg/ha) and line sowing (30 cm b/w rows) with three cutting system showed better results among all observations, thus maximum production for multicut sorghum forage was obtained under agro climatic conditions of Faislabad, Pakistan.

Author: Kyle M. Linders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient required for growth and development in plants. Insufficient nitrogen availability can reduce vegetative growth and grain yield. However, nitrogen is a costly input for farmers, is energy intensive to manufacture, and runoff of excess nitrogen fertilizer impacts water quality. Compared to its close relative, maize, sorghum has much greater resilience to nitrogen and water deficit, and heat stress, allowing sorghum to be grown with fewer inputs and on marginal land. Variation in total biomass accumulation and grain yield between sorghum accessions, as well as between nitrogen conditions, can be largely explained by differences in vegetative growth and inflorescence architecture traits. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in sorghum have identified genetic markers associated with genes known to play roles in controlling growth and development. However, these studies have typically been conducted using field trials with “optimal” nitrogen application conditions. A set of 345 diverse inbred lines from the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP) were grown under both standard nitrogen application (N+) and no nitrogen application (N-) treatments, and a range of biomass and inflorescence-related traits were phenotyped, including plant height, lower and upper stem diameter, rachis length, lower and upper rachis diameter, and primary branch number. Stem volume, an approximation of biomass, was calculated from the directly measured traits. Stem volume was, on average, 10.48% higher for genotypes in nitrogen fertilized blocks, than for genetically identical plants in no nitrogen application blocks. Within individual treatment conditions, between 58.1% and 90.7% of the total variation for the measured and calculated traits could be explained by genetic factors. Genome-wide association studies were conducted to identify genetic markers associated with these traits in order to better understand the genetic factors involved in nitrogen stress response for potential use in breeding improved sorghum varieties.

Author: Hari Lal Singh Tandon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages : 74

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This literature review, which covers the period 1960 to 1983, is concered with the response of grain sorghum to all soil nutrients, related soil and climatic conditions, and the seasons in which the crop is grown. The main objective is to quantify the responses and their relationship to different environments. However, the results clearly demonstrate the widespread deficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. High-yielding cultivars have shown greater responses than local cultivars and, invariably, both N and P have shown additive effect. Split appliction of N is generally more efficient than a single-dose application. When the N technique is used it has been observed that about 62.5% fertilizer N is recovered by sorghum from Alfisols and 55% from Vertisols. Drilling of phosphte proved more efficient than broadcasting. The responses to potassium (K) are rather rare, except in long-term experiments. Responses to the appliction of Zn are reported, especialy in vertisols when the available Zn is about 1.0-1.2 ppm or less. In the postrainy-season crop the responses to N are dependent on the nature of the cultivar and the nitrate-N level if the soil. The optimum level of nitrogen for sorghum varies from 60 to 120 kg/ha N in the rainy season, 25 to 85kg/ha N in the postrainy season, and 80 to 150kg/ha N in the summer season. A finding of the review is that most of the publications reviewed report the results of the so-called rate-and-date type of agronomic (...).

Author: Ramandeep Kaur Brar (Graduate student)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Sivagnanaratnam Sriramaratnam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 658

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Author: Holly S. Weber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Nitrogen fertilizers play an essential role in agricultural production in Kansas, particularly in row crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). A good portion of the corn and grain sorghum grown in Kansas is typically grown using no-till production systems. These systems leave a large amount of surface residue on the soil surface, which can lead to ammonia volatilization losses from surface applied urea-containing fertilizers and immobilization of N fertilizers placed in contact with the residue. Leaching and denitrification can also be a problem on some soils. Current nitrogen prices, as well as concerns over environmental stewardship, are forcing producers to make smarter choices in the fertilizer products used as well as when and how the materials are applied, to optimize their nitrogen use efficiency. A common practice throughout Kansas is to apply N fertilizers prior to planting, sometimes up to 6 month prior to planting. What affect does this practice have on nitrogen availability to the growing crop? Current Kansas State University (KSU) soil test fertilizer recommendations assume 50% nitrogen use efficiency. This means of every pound of nitrogen applied only half will be utilized by the plant and turned into valuable grain. Possible solutions to help increase nitrogen use efficiency are the use of nitrogen additives which are currently on the market and claim to reduce nitrogen loss through denitrification and volatilization as well as the use of timing and application of fertilizers to further increase nitrogen use efficiency. The objective of this study is to evaluate different N fertilizer products, as well as additives and application practices and determine whether specific combinations can improve yield and N use efficiency of no-till corn and grain sorghum. The long-term goal of this study is to quantify some of these relationships to assist farmers in selecting specific combinations that could enhance yield and profitability. In this study five tools for preventing N loss were examined: fertilizer placement, or placing N below the soil surface or in bands on the residue-covered soil surface to reduce immobilization and/or volatilization; use of a urease inhibitor Agrotain (NBPT) that blocks the urease hydrolysis reaction that converts urea to ammonia and potentially could reduce ammonia volatilization; the use of a commercially available additive, Agrotain Plus, that contains both a nitrification inhibitor (DCD) and a urease inhibitor to slow both urea hydrolysis and the rate of ammonium conversion to nitrate and subsequent denitrification or leaching loss; use of a commercial product NutriSphere-N, which claims urease and nitrification inhibition; and the use of a polyurethane plastic-coated urea to delay release of urea fertilizer until the crop can use it. The ultimate goal of using these practices or products is to increase N uptake by the plant and enhance yield. An important measurement that was developed for this research was the use of a greenleaf firing index which used the number of green leaves below the ear at pollination as a key measurement in determining the effectiveness of fertilizer placement, application method, application timing and the use of nitrogen additives. If significant differences in lower leaf nitrogen stress are found, the potential exists to further develop this index and correlate differences observed with key parameters of nitrogen uptake such as ear-leaf nitrogen concentration, total nitrogen uptake and grain yield. Results observed from this research show that the potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency and reduce nitrogen loss do exist with the use of certain nitrogen additives, application methods and application timing. When conditions are conducive for nitrogen loss the use of currently available tools to protect nitrogen from volatilization, immobilization and/or denitrification loss significantly increased yields in the corn experiments. Results from the grain sorghum research indicate that when N losses limit yield, the use of products and practices enhance yield. In locations where nitrogen loss is minimal or low yields limit nitrogen response, the use of these practices was not found to be helpful.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Book Description
Cultivar 0́3 Location -- Nitrogen fertiliser rate -- Plant density -- Planting season.

Author: D. E. Kissel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 15

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Book Description
The objectives of this study were 1) to describe the yield of continuous grain sorghum in the Texas Blackland Prairie as a function of applied nitrogen (N) and degree of water deficit under field conditions and 2) to use this information to obtain a more accurate N fertilizer recommendation in the Texas Blackland Prairie based on a knowledge of available soil water at the time of fertilizer application. An economic analysis described by Heady (1956) was used to compute optimum N rates under different degreed of soil water deficit. Water deficit was defined in terms of stress days, computed by summing the term (1-E/E) over daly intervals, where E is daily evapotranspiration rate an E is the daily potential evapotranspiration rate above the plant canopy. Cumputer simulation of soil water (...).

Author: Fatima Awada
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Seven accessions of Sorghum bicolor were grown with low (N−) and optimal (N+) nitrate supply. Growth parameters (plant height and leaf numbers), physiological parameters (nitrate, protein, total N and total C contents) and the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) were studied in leaves and roots of sorghum plants at three time points of early vegetative growth (2, 4 and, 6 weeks post emergence). Plant height and leaf number were higher with nitrate supply. Except for carbon, all studied parameters were sensitive to N availability and values were typically lower when nitrate supply was low. However, different genotypes displayed considerable variation in their response to N regimes. Variation among genotypes during early vegetative development was observed for plant height, but not for leaf number. Likewise, physiological parameters varied among accessions. A significant and strong correlation, N- and accession-dependent, was detected between plant height and nitrate content. Moreover, nitrate content and GS activity at early growth stages appeared to be good markers to discriminate between nitrate uptake and assimilation capacities of different accessions under both N conditions. In some sorghum accessions, protein and total N content were indicative of high nitrate reduction and assimilation even under N limitation. Chlorophyll content was also sensitive to N availability. Furthermore, expression studies of SbNRT1.1gene copies in leaves and roots of two accessions reflected variability in expression dependent on nitrogen condition, plant organ, plant age, and gene of interest. This study is helpful to characterize different aspects of the N metabolism in sorghum and may aid in the identification of sorghum genotypes with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, a trait that is of key interest in one of the most important crop plants in arid and semi-arid regions.