Respiratory Flows in the Pulmonary Acinus PDF Download
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Author: Josué Sznitman
Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG
ISBN: 9783838106847
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 248
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Book Description
The pulmonary acinus, known as the gas exchange region of the lung, encompasses the complex of millions of sub-millimeter alveoli and may represent a potential host for pulmonary complications and diseases. These health disorders may require the inhalation of therapeutic drugs typically administered in the form of aerosolized particles. Both a precise understanding of the mechanisms leading to particle deposition as well as the need to target aerosols to specific pulmonary sites, remain ongoing challenges and depend directly on the fluid dynamics in the lung, and specifically on the microflows present in the acinar region. These considerations call not only for a deepening of our understanding of the fluid mechanics pertinent to the acinar region of the lung, but also, for the potential development of novel strategies towards improved and enhanced particle deposition inside the lung. The present thesis, which lies at the interface between engineering and medicine, is concerned with the role of convective respiratory flows in the acinar region of the lung, in conjunction with the transport and deposition of inhaled particles.
Author: Josué Sznitman
Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG
ISBN: 9783838106847
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 248
Get Book Here
Book Description
The pulmonary acinus, known as the gas exchange region of the lung, encompasses the complex of millions of sub-millimeter alveoli and may represent a potential host for pulmonary complications and diseases. These health disorders may require the inhalation of therapeutic drugs typically administered in the form of aerosolized particles. Both a precise understanding of the mechanisms leading to particle deposition as well as the need to target aerosols to specific pulmonary sites, remain ongoing challenges and depend directly on the fluid dynamics in the lung, and specifically on the microflows present in the acinar region. These considerations call not only for a deepening of our understanding of the fluid mechanics pertinent to the acinar region of the lung, but also, for the potential development of novel strategies towards improved and enhanced particle deposition inside the lung. The present thesis, which lies at the interface between engineering and medicine, is concerned with the role of convective respiratory flows in the acinar region of the lung, in conjunction with the transport and deposition of inhaled particles.
Author: Josué Sznitman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Author: Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811555966
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
This book elucidates the morphological backgrounds of various functional parameters of the human respiratory system, including the respiratory control system, dynamics of the upper and lower airways, gas transport and mixing in the lower airways, gas exchange in the acinus, and gas transfer through the alveolar wall. Presenting the latest findings on the interrelationships between morphology and physiology in the respiratory system, the book’s goal is to provide a foundation for further exploring structure-function relationships in various respiratory systems, and to improve both the quality of basic science, and that of clinical medicine targeting the human respiratory system. Edited and written by internationally recognized experts, Structure-Function Relationships in Various Respiratory Systems offers a valuable asset for all physicians and researchers engaging in clinical, physiological, or morphological work in the field of respiration. Moreover, it provides a practical guide for physicians, helping them make more precise pathophysiological decisions concerning patients with various types of lung disease, and will be of interest to respiratory physiologists and respiratory morphologists.
Author: Josef X. Brunner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364273040X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
Respiration is a unique topic among various subdisciplines of physiology. Physiolo gists and clinicians are now able to communicate quantitative functional properties of lung mechanics and gas exchange in the language of the engineer, physicist and mathematician. This is largely due to intensive and stimulating work during the last decades of brilliant minds in a handful of excellent schools in the international family of physiologists. Among these founders of respiratory physiology are a number of clinicians, and they have. taken significant ,part both in shaping the theoretical knowledge to clinical applicability and developing technical devices for diagnosis and therapy in pulmonology. However, the theory behind the evaluation of measure ments, and their interpretation in terms of clinical function tests, is so confusingly complex that the ordinary physician, not specifically trained in respiratory physiol ogy, finds himself unable to critically apply these techniques. We, therefore, need descriptions of respiratory physiology and of its clinical application presented in the language of the clinician. And that is what this book is meant to be. Written by an expert in electrical and biomedical engineering, and by an expert in intensive care medicine, this text constitutes an "operational manual" of clinical respiratory physiology. It does not intend to be another textbook of basic respiratory physiology or pathophysiology. This book not only addresses practical clinicians, particularly those of intensive care medicine, by describing the essentials of clinically relevant respiratory knowledge.
Author: H. K. Chang
Publisher: Marcel Dekker
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 904
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Book Description
This reference applies a unique analytical approach for a comprehensive treatment of topics in respiratory physiology: flow and resistance in the airways; the morphometry of the lung; transport and mixing of inspired gas; the lung's structural elements; major determinants of pulmonary gas exchange; the pulmonary vasculature's mechanical behavior; lung fluid balance and solute transport; and models of control of breathing. Also discusses well-established lung function tests for airway resistance, maximal expiration, and diffusing capacity; examines clinical indices; and considers common pathological conditions. Annotation(c) 2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Author: Haribalan Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lungs
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
In this work, airflow and particle transport are studied using mathematical and image-based models of pulmonary acinus. Numerical results predict that airflow in the presence of wall motion in a three-dimensional honey-comb like geometry is characterized by the presence of a recirculation region within the alveolar cavity and a weak entraining flow between alveolar duct and cavity. Alveolar flow in distal generations is characterized by higher alveolar flow rates, larger entrainment of ductal flow and absence of recirculatory flow inside alveoli. The study of transport constitutes assessment of mixing visualized by the tracking of massless particles and the study of transport and deposition of aerosols. The phenomenon of steady streaming is found to hold the key to the origin of kinematic mixing in the alveolus, the alveolar mouth and the alveolated duct. This mechanism provides the explanation for observed folding of material lines and increases in material surface area, and has no bearing on whether the geometry is expanding or if flow separates within the cavity or not. Streaming results in non-zero drift of particles between the beginning and end of a breathing cycle. Based on flow conditions and resultant convective mixing measures, we conclude that significant convective mixing in the duct and within an alveolus could originate only in the first few generations of the acinar tree as a result of non-zero inertia, flow asymmetry and large KC number. Evidence of streaming and related Lagrangian drift is also observed in image-based acinar models. Finally, particle deposition calculations are performed on the models of pulmonary acinus considered in this study.
Author: Andrew Roy Webb
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019960083X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1961
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Book Description
Oxford Textbook of Critical Care, second edition, addresses all aspects of adult intensive care management. Taking a unique a problem-orientated approach, this text is a key reference source for clinical issues in the intensive care unit.
Author: Alan H. Jobe
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316665178
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Lung disease affects more than 600 million people worldwide. While some of these lung diseases have an obvious developmental component, there is growing appreciation that processes and pathways critical for normal lung development are also important for postnatal tissue homeostasis and are dysregulated in lung disease. This book provides an authoritative review of fetal and neonatal lung development and is designed to provide a diverse group of scientists, spanning the basic to clinical research spectrum, with the latest developments on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal lung development and injury-repair processes, and how they are dysregulated in disease. The book covers genetics, omics, and systems biology as well as new imaging techniques that are transforming studies of lung development. The reader will learn where the field of lung development has been, where it is presently, and where it is going in order to improve outcomes for patients with common and rare lung diseases.
Author: Martin Brüne
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192506781
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 967
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Book Description
Medicine is grounded in the natural sciences, where biology stands out with regard to our understanding of human physiology and the conditions that cause dysfunction. Ironically though, evolutionary biology is a relatively disregarded field. One reason for this omission is that evolution is deemed a slow process. Indeed, the macroanatomical features of our species have changed very little in the last 300,000 years. A more detailed look, however, reveals that novel ecological contingencies, partly in relation to cultural evolution, have brought about subtle changes pertaining to metabolism and immunology, including adaptations to dietary innovations, as well as adaptations to the exposure to novel pathogens. Rapid pathogen evolution and evolution of cancer cells cause major problems for the immune system. Moreover, many adaptations to past ecologies have actually turned into risk factors for somatic disease and psychological disorder in our modern worlds (i.e. mismatch), among which epidemics of autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity, as well as several forms of cancer stand out. One could add depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions to the list. The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine is a compilation of up-to-date insights into the evolutionary history of ourselves as a species, exploring how and why our evolved design may convey vulnerability to disease. Written in a classic textbook style emphasising physiology and pathophysiology of all major organ systems, the Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine is valuable reading for students as well as scholars in the fields of medicine, biology, anthropology and psychology.
Author: J. S. Gravenstein
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139494333
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 489
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Book Description
In recent years capnography has gained a foothold in the medical field and is fast becoming a standard of care in anaesthesiology and critical care medicine. In addition, newer applications have emerged which have expanded the utility of capnographs in a number of medical disciplines. This new edition of the definitive text on capnography reviews every aspect of this valuable diagnostic technique. An introductory section summarises the basic physiology of carbon dioxide generation and transport in the body. A technical section describes how the instruments work, and a comprehensive clinical section reviews the use of capnography to diagnose a wide range of clinical disorders. Edited by the world experts in the technique, and with over 40 specialist contributors, Capnography, second edition, is the most comprehensive review available on the application of capnography in health care.
