Author: Samuel A. Fricker
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319097989
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 209
Book Description
Healthcare and well-being have captured the attention of established software companies, start-ups, and investors. Software is starting to play a central role for addressing the problems of the aging society and the escalating cost of healthcare services. Enablers of such digital health are a growing number of sensors for sensing the human body and communication infrastructure for remote meetings, data sharing, and messaging. The challenge that lies in front of us is how to effectively make use of these capabilities, for example to empower patients and to free the scarce resources of medical personnel. Requirements engineering is the process by which the capabilities of a software product are aligned with stakeholder needs and a shared understanding between the stakeholders and development team established. This book provides guide for what to look for and do when inquiring and specifying software that targets healthcare and well-being, helping readers avoid the pitfalls of the highly regulated and sensible healthcare domain are and how they can be overcome. This book brings together the knowledge of 22 researchers, engineers, lawyers, and CEOs that have experience in the development of digital health solutions. It represents a unique line-up of best practices and recommendations of how to engineer requirements for digital health. In particular the book presents: · The area of digital health, e-health, and m-health · Best practice for requirements engineering based on evidence from a large number of projects · Practical step-by-step guidelines, examples, and lessons-learned for working with laws, regulations, ethical issues, interoperability, user experience, security, and privacy · How to put these many concerns together for engineering the requirements of a digital health solution and for scaling a digital health product For anybody who intends to develop software for digital health, this book is an introduction and reference with a wealth of actionable insights. For students interested in understanding how to apply software to healthcare, the text introduces key topics and guides further studies with references to important literature.
Requirements Engineering for Digital Health
Author: Samuel A. Fricker
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319097989
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 209
Book Description
Healthcare and well-being have captured the attention of established software companies, start-ups, and investors. Software is starting to play a central role for addressing the problems of the aging society and the escalating cost of healthcare services. Enablers of such digital health are a growing number of sensors for sensing the human body and communication infrastructure for remote meetings, data sharing, and messaging. The challenge that lies in front of us is how to effectively make use of these capabilities, for example to empower patients and to free the scarce resources of medical personnel. Requirements engineering is the process by which the capabilities of a software product are aligned with stakeholder needs and a shared understanding between the stakeholders and development team established. This book provides guide for what to look for and do when inquiring and specifying software that targets healthcare and well-being, helping readers avoid the pitfalls of the highly regulated and sensible healthcare domain are and how they can be overcome. This book brings together the knowledge of 22 researchers, engineers, lawyers, and CEOs that have experience in the development of digital health solutions. It represents a unique line-up of best practices and recommendations of how to engineer requirements for digital health. In particular the book presents: · The area of digital health, e-health, and m-health · Best practice for requirements engineering based on evidence from a large number of projects · Practical step-by-step guidelines, examples, and lessons-learned for working with laws, regulations, ethical issues, interoperability, user experience, security, and privacy · How to put these many concerns together for engineering the requirements of a digital health solution and for scaling a digital health product For anybody who intends to develop software for digital health, this book is an introduction and reference with a wealth of actionable insights. For students interested in understanding how to apply software to healthcare, the text introduces key topics and guides further studies with references to important literature.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319097989
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 209
Book Description
Healthcare and well-being have captured the attention of established software companies, start-ups, and investors. Software is starting to play a central role for addressing the problems of the aging society and the escalating cost of healthcare services. Enablers of such digital health are a growing number of sensors for sensing the human body and communication infrastructure for remote meetings, data sharing, and messaging. The challenge that lies in front of us is how to effectively make use of these capabilities, for example to empower patients and to free the scarce resources of medical personnel. Requirements engineering is the process by which the capabilities of a software product are aligned with stakeholder needs and a shared understanding between the stakeholders and development team established. This book provides guide for what to look for and do when inquiring and specifying software that targets healthcare and well-being, helping readers avoid the pitfalls of the highly regulated and sensible healthcare domain are and how they can be overcome. This book brings together the knowledge of 22 researchers, engineers, lawyers, and CEOs that have experience in the development of digital health solutions. It represents a unique line-up of best practices and recommendations of how to engineer requirements for digital health. In particular the book presents: · The area of digital health, e-health, and m-health · Best practice for requirements engineering based on evidence from a large number of projects · Practical step-by-step guidelines, examples, and lessons-learned for working with laws, regulations, ethical issues, interoperability, user experience, security, and privacy · How to put these many concerns together for engineering the requirements of a digital health solution and for scaling a digital health product For anybody who intends to develop software for digital health, this book is an introduction and reference with a wealth of actionable insights. For students interested in understanding how to apply software to healthcare, the text introduces key topics and guides further studies with references to important literature.
Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality
Author: Samuel A. Fricker
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319161016
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 347
Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2014, held in Essen, Germany, in April 2013. The 23 papers presented together with 1 keynote were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The REFSQ'15 conference is organized as a three-day symposium. The REFSQ'15 has chosen a special conference theme “I heard it first at RefsQ”. Two conference days were devoted to presentation and discussion of scientific papers. The two days connect to the conference theme with a keynote, an invited talk and poster presentations. There were two parallel tracks on the third day: the Industry Track and the new Research Methodology Track. REFSQ 2015 seeks reports of novel ideas and techniques that enhance the quality of RE’s products and processes, as well as reflections on current research and industrial RE practices.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319161016
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 347
Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2014, held in Essen, Germany, in April 2013. The 23 papers presented together with 1 keynote were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The REFSQ'15 conference is organized as a three-day symposium. The REFSQ'15 has chosen a special conference theme “I heard it first at RefsQ”. Two conference days were devoted to presentation and discussion of scientific papers. The two days connect to the conference theme with a keynote, an invited talk and poster presentations. There were two parallel tracks on the third day: the Industry Track and the new Research Methodology Track. REFSQ 2015 seeks reports of novel ideas and techniques that enhance the quality of RE’s products and processes, as well as reflections on current research and industrial RE practices.
Digital Human Modeling. Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics, and Risk Management: Health and Safety
Author: Vincent G. Duffy
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319584669
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 448
Book Description
The two-volume set LNCS 10286 + 10287 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics, and Risk Management, DHM 2017, held as part of HCI International 2017 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. HCII 2017 received a total of 4340 submissions, of which 1228 papers were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. The 75 papers presented in these volumes were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: anthropometry, ergonomics, design and comfort; human body and motion modelling; smart human-centered service system design; and human-robot interaction. Part II: clinical and health information systems; health and aging; health data analytics and visualization; and design for safety.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319584669
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 448
Book Description
The two-volume set LNCS 10286 + 10287 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics, and Risk Management, DHM 2017, held as part of HCI International 2017 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. HCII 2017 received a total of 4340 submissions, of which 1228 papers were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. The 75 papers presented in these volumes were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: anthropometry, ergonomics, design and comfort; human body and motion modelling; smart human-centered service system design; and human-robot interaction. Part II: clinical and health information systems; health and aging; health data analytics and visualization; and design for safety.
Engineering High Quality Medical Software
Author: Antonio Coronato
Publisher: IET
ISBN: 1785612484
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 297
Book Description
This book focuses on high-confidence medical software in the growing field of e-health, telecare services and health technology. It covers the development of methodologies and engineering tasks together with standards and regulations for medical software.
Publisher: IET
ISBN: 1785612484
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 297
Book Description
This book focuses on high-confidence medical software in the growing field of e-health, telecare services and health technology. It covers the development of methodologies and engineering tasks together with standards and regulations for medical software.
Advanced Research in Technologies, Information, Innovation and Sustainability
Author: Teresa Guarda
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303148858X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 600
Book Description
The three-volume set CCIS 1935, 1936 and 1937 constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the Third International Conference, ARTIIS 2023, Madrid, Spain, October 18–20, 2023, Proceedings. The 98 revised full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 297 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Computing Solutions, Data Intelligence Part II: Sustainability, Ethics, Security, and Privacy Part III: Applications of Computational Mathematics to Simulation and Data Analysis (ACMaSDA 2023), Challenges and the Impact of Communication and Information Technologies on Education (CICITE 2023), Workshop on Gamification Application and Technologies (GAT 2023), Bridging Knowledge in a Fragmented World (glossaLAB 2023), Intelligent Systems for Health and Medical Care (ISHMC 2023), Intelligent Systems for Health and Medical Care (ISHMC 2023), Intelligent Systems in Forensic Engineering (ISIFE 2023), International Symposium on Technological Innovations for Industry and Soci-ety (ISTIIS 2023), International Workshop on Electronic and Telecommunications (IWET 2023), Innovation in Educational Technology (JIUTE 2023), Smart Tourism and Information Systems (SMARTTIS 2023).
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303148858X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 600
Book Description
The three-volume set CCIS 1935, 1936 and 1937 constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the Third International Conference, ARTIIS 2023, Madrid, Spain, October 18–20, 2023, Proceedings. The 98 revised full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 297 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Computing Solutions, Data Intelligence Part II: Sustainability, Ethics, Security, and Privacy Part III: Applications of Computational Mathematics to Simulation and Data Analysis (ACMaSDA 2023), Challenges and the Impact of Communication and Information Technologies on Education (CICITE 2023), Workshop on Gamification Application and Technologies (GAT 2023), Bridging Knowledge in a Fragmented World (glossaLAB 2023), Intelligent Systems for Health and Medical Care (ISHMC 2023), Intelligent Systems for Health and Medical Care (ISHMC 2023), Intelligent Systems in Forensic Engineering (ISIFE 2023), International Symposium on Technological Innovations for Industry and Soci-ety (ISTIIS 2023), International Workshop on Electronic and Telecommunications (IWET 2023), Innovation in Educational Technology (JIUTE 2023), Smart Tourism and Information Systems (SMARTTIS 2023).
Health 4.0: How Virtualization and Big Data are Revolutionizing Healthcare
Author: Christoph Thuemmler
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319476173
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
This book describes how the creation of new digital services—through vertical and horizontal integration of data coming from sensors on top of existing legacy systems—that has already had a major impact on industry is now extending to healthcare. The book describes the fourth industrial revolution (i.e. Health 4.0), which is based on virtualization and service aggregation. It shows how sensors, embedded systems, and cyber-physical systems are fundamentally changing the way industrial processes work, their business models, and how we consume, while also affecting the health and care domains. Chapters describe the technology behind the shift of point of care to point of need and away from hospitals and institutions; how care will be delivered virtually outside hospitals; that services will be tailored to individuals rather than being designed as statistical averages; that data analytics will be used to help patients to manage their chronic conditions with help of smart devices; and that pharmaceuticals will be interactive to help prevent adverse reactions. The topics presented will have an impact on a variety of healthcare stakeholders in a continuously global and hyper-connected world. · Presents explanations of emerging topics as they relate to e-health, such as Industry 4.0, Precision Medicine, Mobile Health, 5G, Big Data, and Cyber-physical systems; · Provides overviews of technologies in addition to possible application scenarios and market conditions; · Features comprehensive demographic and statistic coverage of Health 4.0 presented in a graphical manner.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319476173
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
This book describes how the creation of new digital services—through vertical and horizontal integration of data coming from sensors on top of existing legacy systems—that has already had a major impact on industry is now extending to healthcare. The book describes the fourth industrial revolution (i.e. Health 4.0), which is based on virtualization and service aggregation. It shows how sensors, embedded systems, and cyber-physical systems are fundamentally changing the way industrial processes work, their business models, and how we consume, while also affecting the health and care domains. Chapters describe the technology behind the shift of point of care to point of need and away from hospitals and institutions; how care will be delivered virtually outside hospitals; that services will be tailored to individuals rather than being designed as statistical averages; that data analytics will be used to help patients to manage their chronic conditions with help of smart devices; and that pharmaceuticals will be interactive to help prevent adverse reactions. The topics presented will have an impact on a variety of healthcare stakeholders in a continuously global and hyper-connected world. · Presents explanations of emerging topics as they relate to e-health, such as Industry 4.0, Precision Medicine, Mobile Health, 5G, Big Data, and Cyber-physical systems; · Provides overviews of technologies in addition to possible application scenarios and market conditions; · Features comprehensive demographic and statistic coverage of Health 4.0 presented in a graphical manner.
Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare and Medical Devices
Author: Jay Kalra
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030807444
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 797
Book Description
This book is concerned with human factors and ergonomics research and developments in the design and use of systems and devices for effective and safe healthcare delivery. It reports on approaches for improving healthcare devices so that they better fit to people’s, including special population’s needs. It also covers assistive devices aimed at reducing occupational risks of health professionals as well as innovative strategies for error reduction, and more effective training and education methods for healthcare workers and professionals. Equal emphasis is given to digital technologies and to physical, cognitive and organizational aspects, which are considered in an integrated manner, so as to facilitate a systemic approach for improving the quality and safety of healthcare service. The book also includes a special section dedicated to innovative strategies for assisting caregivers’, patients’, and people’s needs during pandemic. Based on papers presented at the AHFE 2021 Conference on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare and Medical Devices, held virtually on 25–29 July, 2021, from USA, the book offers a timely reference guide to both researchers and healthcare professionals involved in the design of medical systems and managing healthcare settings, as well as to healthcare counselors and global health organizations.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030807444
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 797
Book Description
This book is concerned with human factors and ergonomics research and developments in the design and use of systems and devices for effective and safe healthcare delivery. It reports on approaches for improving healthcare devices so that they better fit to people’s, including special population’s needs. It also covers assistive devices aimed at reducing occupational risks of health professionals as well as innovative strategies for error reduction, and more effective training and education methods for healthcare workers and professionals. Equal emphasis is given to digital technologies and to physical, cognitive and organizational aspects, which are considered in an integrated manner, so as to facilitate a systemic approach for improving the quality and safety of healthcare service. The book also includes a special section dedicated to innovative strategies for assisting caregivers’, patients’, and people’s needs during pandemic. Based on papers presented at the AHFE 2021 Conference on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare and Medical Devices, held virtually on 25–29 July, 2021, from USA, the book offers a timely reference guide to both researchers and healthcare professionals involved in the design of medical systems and managing healthcare settings, as well as to healthcare counselors and global health organizations.
Digital Disruption in Healthcare
Author: Nilmini Wickramasinghe
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303095675X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 342
Book Description
Digital disruption in healthcare is generating new technologies, applications, and large data sets, and these are all precipitating significant changes in healthcare processes. Emerging applications due to digital disruption and their impact on healthcare delivery and quality are becoming some of the key focus areas of research. However, to date, systematic, generalizable, full-scale evaluation of these new technologies/applications is lacking. Little is known about the net short- or long-term health and wellness impacts of digital technologies. Similarly, the care-delivery and management process changes caused by digital disruption are forcing healthcare organizations to react rather than plan for them in advance. Given these gaps, this book addresses the technology, applications, data, and process aspects of digital disruption in healthcare. This volume is a collection of key areas in health and wellness impacted by digital disruption. It highlights the benefits, barriers, facilitators, and transformative forces that are shaping healthcare digital disruption. Topics explored in the chapters include: Towards Network Medicine: Implementation of Panomics and Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicine Telehealth Implementation: A Synopsis of Patients’ Experience of Clinical Outcomes Realising the Healthcare Value Proposition of Better Access, Quality and Value of Care by Incorporating the Social Determinants of Health with Digital Health The Internet Hospital in the Time of COVID-19: An Example from China Given the diverse interest in healthcare delivery solutions today, the need is broad across academia and the healthcare industry for a comprehensive resource for teaching, practice, and research. Digital Disruption in Healthcare is a point-of-entry resource for transferring theory into practice for heads of IT departments in hospitals, consultants, and academia, as well as scholars and researchers. Both graduate and undergraduate students as well as certificate-seeking health informatics and public health students would benefit from this book. Furthermore, it is useful for healthcare stakeholders including healthcare professionals, clinicians, medical administrators, managers, consultants, policy-makers, and IT practitioners within the healthcare space.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303095675X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 342
Book Description
Digital disruption in healthcare is generating new technologies, applications, and large data sets, and these are all precipitating significant changes in healthcare processes. Emerging applications due to digital disruption and their impact on healthcare delivery and quality are becoming some of the key focus areas of research. However, to date, systematic, generalizable, full-scale evaluation of these new technologies/applications is lacking. Little is known about the net short- or long-term health and wellness impacts of digital technologies. Similarly, the care-delivery and management process changes caused by digital disruption are forcing healthcare organizations to react rather than plan for them in advance. Given these gaps, this book addresses the technology, applications, data, and process aspects of digital disruption in healthcare. This volume is a collection of key areas in health and wellness impacted by digital disruption. It highlights the benefits, barriers, facilitators, and transformative forces that are shaping healthcare digital disruption. Topics explored in the chapters include: Towards Network Medicine: Implementation of Panomics and Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicine Telehealth Implementation: A Synopsis of Patients’ Experience of Clinical Outcomes Realising the Healthcare Value Proposition of Better Access, Quality and Value of Care by Incorporating the Social Determinants of Health with Digital Health The Internet Hospital in the Time of COVID-19: An Example from China Given the diverse interest in healthcare delivery solutions today, the need is broad across academia and the healthcare industry for a comprehensive resource for teaching, practice, and research. Digital Disruption in Healthcare is a point-of-entry resource for transferring theory into practice for heads of IT departments in hospitals, consultants, and academia, as well as scholars and researchers. Both graduate and undergraduate students as well as certificate-seeking health informatics and public health students would benefit from this book. Furthermore, it is useful for healthcare stakeholders including healthcare professionals, clinicians, medical administrators, managers, consultants, policy-makers, and IT practitioners within the healthcare space.
Digital Personalized Health and Medicine
Author: L.B. Pape-Haugaard
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643680838
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1498
Book Description
Digital health and medical informatics have grown in importance in recent years, and have now become central to the provision of effective healthcare around the world. This book presents the proceedings of the 30th Medical Informatics Europe conference (MIE). This edition of the conference, hosted by the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) since the 1970s, was due to be held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2020, but as a result of measures to prevent the spread of the Covid19 pandemic, the conference itself had to be cancelled. Nevertheless, because this collection of papers offers a wealth of knowledge and experience across the full spectrum of digital health and medicine, it was decided to publish the submissions accepted in the review process and confirmed by the Scientific Program Committee for publication, and these are published here as planned. The 232 papers are themed under 6 section headings: biomedical data, tools and methods; supporting care delivery; health and prevention; precision medicine and public health; human factors and citizen centered digital health; and ethics, legal and societal aspects. A 7th section deals with the Swiss personalized health network, and section 8 includes the 125 posters accepted for the conference. Offering an overview of current trends and developments in digital health and medical informatics, the book provides a valuable information resource for researchers and health practitioners alike.
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643680838
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1498
Book Description
Digital health and medical informatics have grown in importance in recent years, and have now become central to the provision of effective healthcare around the world. This book presents the proceedings of the 30th Medical Informatics Europe conference (MIE). This edition of the conference, hosted by the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) since the 1970s, was due to be held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2020, but as a result of measures to prevent the spread of the Covid19 pandemic, the conference itself had to be cancelled. Nevertheless, because this collection of papers offers a wealth of knowledge and experience across the full spectrum of digital health and medicine, it was decided to publish the submissions accepted in the review process and confirmed by the Scientific Program Committee for publication, and these are published here as planned. The 232 papers are themed under 6 section headings: biomedical data, tools and methods; supporting care delivery; health and prevention; precision medicine and public health; human factors and citizen centered digital health; and ethics, legal and societal aspects. A 7th section deals with the Swiss personalized health network, and section 8 includes the 125 posters accepted for the conference. Offering an overview of current trends and developments in digital health and medical informatics, the book provides a valuable information resource for researchers and health practitioners alike.
Supporting Requirements Communication for Shared Understanding by Applying Vision Videos in Requirements Engineering
Author: Oliver Karras
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832552979
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Book Description
Requirements engineering (RE) has the overall goal of establishing the vision of the system in its relevant context. For this goal, all stakeholders must disclose, discuss, and align their mental models of the system by explicitly communicating their goals, ideas, needs, and expectations. This procedure serves to develop and negotiate a shared understanding and is called requirements communication. In this thesis, I analyze the application of videos as a documentation option in RE to support effective requirements communication for shared understanding. Videos used for this purpose are called vision videos. Based on a technology transfer process, I develop a candidate solution consisting of the two concepts video as a by-product and awareness and guidance. The first concept supports the revision of RE practices by integrating video production and use to obtain videos as a by-product with low effort and sufficient quality. The second concept helps software professionals with video production and use by creating awareness regarding video quality and providing guidance on how to proceed. Each concept is first validated in academia before the entire candidate solution is validated in a case study in the industry. The findings from academia and industry indicate that the candidate solution helps software professionals to gain the required awareness, knowledge, and ability to produce and use vision videos at moderate costs and with sufficient quality. These videos are suitable for the intended purpose of supporting requirements communication for shared understanding.
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832552979
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Book Description
Requirements engineering (RE) has the overall goal of establishing the vision of the system in its relevant context. For this goal, all stakeholders must disclose, discuss, and align their mental models of the system by explicitly communicating their goals, ideas, needs, and expectations. This procedure serves to develop and negotiate a shared understanding and is called requirements communication. In this thesis, I analyze the application of videos as a documentation option in RE to support effective requirements communication for shared understanding. Videos used for this purpose are called vision videos. Based on a technology transfer process, I develop a candidate solution consisting of the two concepts video as a by-product and awareness and guidance. The first concept supports the revision of RE practices by integrating video production and use to obtain videos as a by-product with low effort and sufficient quality. The second concept helps software professionals with video production and use by creating awareness regarding video quality and providing guidance on how to proceed. Each concept is first validated in academia before the entire candidate solution is validated in a case study in the industry. The findings from academia and industry indicate that the candidate solution helps software professionals to gain the required awareness, knowledge, and ability to produce and use vision videos at moderate costs and with sufficient quality. These videos are suitable for the intended purpose of supporting requirements communication for shared understanding.