Report of the European Commission Public Consultation on Open Research Data PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Author: Sönke Bartling
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319000268
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
Modern information and communication technologies, together with a cultural upheaval within the research community, have profoundly changed research in nearly every aspect. Ranging from sharing and discussing ideas in social networks for scientists to new collaborative environments and novel publication formats, knowledge creation and dissemination as we know it is experiencing a vigorous shift towards increased transparency, collaboration and accessibility. Many assume that research workflows will change more in the next 20 years than they have in the last 200. This book provides researchers, decision makers, and other scientific stakeholders with a snapshot of the basics, the tools, and the underlying visions that drive the current scientific (r)evolution, often called ‘Open Science.’
Author: Filip Kruse
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110396068
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
Based on case studies this book offers an insight in various European activities and practices in data management and their interaction with policies and programs. The latter form the background for the following case studies, provide the conceptual framework, at the same time giving an exhaustive understanding of the specific subjects. The case studies share common themes and give a concrete insight into vital issues such as web archiving, digitization of analog archives, researchers’ motivations for sharing data, and how libraries, archives and researchers can collaborate in creating research tools and services.
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ISBN: 9789279965463
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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To take advantage of the digital revolution, to accelerate research, to engage the power of machine analysis at scale while ensuring transparency, reproducibility and societal utility, data and other digital objects created by and used for research need to be FAIR. Advancing the global Open Science movement and the development of the European Open Science Cloud is the unambiguous objective for this report. This document is both a report and an action plan for turning FAIR into reality. It offers a survey and analysis of what is needed to implement FAIR and it provides a set of concrete recommendations and actions for stakeholders in Europe and beyond. It is our intention that it should provide a framework that will greatly assist the creation of the European Open Science Cloud, and will be applicable to other comparable initiatives globally.
Author: Christopher Reddick
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482239302
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
An examination of how information technology (IT) can be used in public administration, Information and Communication Technologies in Public Administration: Innovations from Developed Countries examines global perspectives on public administration and IT innovations. This book illustrates the theoretical context of current policies, issues, and imp
Author: Richard Feasey
Publisher: Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE)
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
As the European Commission is preparing its Data Act, this new CERRE report provides concrete recommendations for effective data sharing governance, more specifically when a party has significant incentives not to share data. The forthcoming data act should provide better incentives to stimulate two forms of data sharing: individual users’ data sharing and bulk data sharing between firms. Data sharing is seen by many as an effective means to safeguard competition in digital markets, allowing smaller players to get access to precious data. The authors of the CERRE report, Richard Feasey and Alexandre de Streel, have analysed current EU rules imposing data sharing and conclude these do not provide the comprehensive governance framework needed for data sharing to effectively take place. “Given the incentives a gatekeeper platform may have not to share data, and the potential for this platform to leverage into other markets, we recommend imposing an obligation to share data”, explain Richard Feasey. “The most important and difficult task for regulators lies in determining the type and scope of data that is to be shared and which organisations should be obliged to share it. We conclude that better incentives and governance are needed to stimulate two forms of data sharing in the EU: data about individuals and bulk data between firms.” Regulating recipients as well as donors Regulation for data sharing should not be viewed as being limited to the oversight of a small number of large platforms that might be obliged to share data. It also requires strict oversight of potentially a very large number of smaller firms that might seek access to such data. Regulators will need to establish an effective and comprehensive system of regulation of both donors and recipients of data to guard against misuse and to ensure trust on all sides. Sharing individual users data Over time, the sharing or porting of data about individual users’ data could accumulate and be used for other purposes. For this reason, the authors recommend that obligations to share data about individual users should be quite extensive and apply to digital platforms which may be described as meeting the ‘gatekeeper minus’ threshold. The report encourages regulators to require the sharing of individual user data without any payment. If high transaction costs and uncertain users’ benefits prevent the effectiveness of this approach, policymakers should consider more radical approaches, such as allowing the use of an ‘opt-out’ option (rather than, the current ‘opt-in’) for the sharing of personal data in order to ensure fair competition in digital markets. The European Commission should consider provisions in the forthcoming Data Act to enable the use of ‘opt-out’ arrangements for the sharing of personal data to preserve market contestability under certain prescribed conditions. Although this may represent some loss of consumer sovereignty over their data, such a trade-off may need to be made if data sharing arrangements are to achieve their aim of ensuring contestability in digital markets. Bulk sharing of user data The competitive impact of the bulk transfer of aggregate user data could be significant since the volume of data to be shared is likely to be very substantial and may represent a significant proportion of the donor platform’s data assets. Since obtaining individual consent from every user would not be feasible in these circumstances, regulators and policymakers should consider other mechanisms to enable the bulk sharing of non-anonymised user data. Alternatively, regulators should consider requiring the platform that controls the data to allow third party access to the full data set so that third parties may train algorithms or otherwise derive the same sorts of insights from the data that are available to the incumbent. Recipients of aggregated data should be required to pay for the data, with the payment varying according to the volume and value of the data being shared (and not simply the costs of implementing the data sharing arrangements or storing the data). The primary concern here is to preserve incentives for both parties in the sharing arrangement to innovate and invest in existing or new digital services to acquire additional data for themselves. The Commission should undertake a study to consider how regulators would establish wholesale prices for data that was to be shared. The challenge ahead European policymakers should consider legislative changes with the Data Act to enable the sharing of personal data on an ‘opt-out’ basis under certain narrowly prescribed circumstances and to ensure contestability in digital markets. Finally, data sharing remedies that the report considers arise from the assumption that digital platforms will continue to derive significant market power from their centralised control of big data sets. Regulators and policymakers should also keep an eye on new technologies which might enable a much greater degree of decentralisation and wider distribution of data, thereby removing the very sources of market power which this report has sought to address. This report follows another CERRE research analysing the processes that turn data into economic value for online search, e-commerce and media platforms.
Author:
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ISBN: 9789278422790
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Data sharing and re-use have been at the crux of European policy for more than two decades now. The European data market has been estimated in EUR 59.5 billion in 2016 and overall value growth from EUR 247 billion in 2013 to almost EUR 300 billion in 2016. As a result, it has been the protagonist of different European policy activities trying to deliver the promises of such a growing and increasingly valuable market where studies have predicted a compound annual growth rate of 15.7% since 2016. A heterogeneous package of European policy measures that seek to generate a European data market and facilitate data flows within and across sectors in Europe have been pursued (European Commission, 2020). These measures can be divided into open data and data sharing measures; that is provisions for opening up data indiscriminately and thus promoting minimum restrictions and costs to access to data (open data); or provisions for ensuring access to specific entities to data (data sharing). As opposed to open data, data sharing is defined by the provision of restricted data to restricted entities (organisations or individuals). For both cases, regulatory and non-regulatory measures have been adopted, with different rates of success. The overall results of such policy initiatives are uneven, and the implementation has proven challenging. Ultimately, what emerges from the uneven compliance and the different efficacy of the policy measures is that regulation is not enough to induce data opening and sharing. To explore the factors behind governmental compliance towards data sharing and open data regulation, the present study implements a comparative analysis of: 1. The different commitment to open data at the sub-national level (i.e. local government) where similar municipalities in their region of Lombardia (Italy) diverge in their actions towards open data; and 2. The different commitment towards data sharing by two comparable public agencies in the Oil and Gas industry in two different countries: The Netherlands and Norway. The results show that for the open data domain, economic incentives, coordination with business suppliers and policy leadership accompanied with technical guidance explained the decision of Italian municipalities in Lombardia - and in particular for the smallest ones in terms of population - to open up their data. Besides such regional programme support, which was instrumental, the case of Pavia also powerfully shows the virtuous cycle between civil servant enthusiasm for publishing data, the impact on the quality of data, services being developed, and thus the effect on data re-use.
Author: Christoph Aubrecht
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781013269363
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Over the past decades, rapid developments in digital and sensing technologies, such as the Cloud, Web and Internet of Things, have dramatically changed the way we live and work. The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to monitor our planet and transforming the way we access, process and exploit Earth Observation data from satellites.This book reviews these megatrends and their implications for the Earth Observation community as well as the wider data economy. It provides insight into new paradigms of Open Science and Innovation applied to space data, which are characterized by openness, access to large volume of complex data, wide availability of new community tools, new techniques for big data analytics such as Artificial Intelligence, unprecedented level of computing power, and new types of collaboration among researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists. In addition, this book aims to provide readers with some reflections on the future of Earth Observation, highlighting through a series of use cases not just the new opportunities created by the New Space revolution, but also the new challenges that must be addressed in order to make the most of the large volume of complex and diverse data delivered by the new generation of satellites. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
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Category : Commodity exchanges
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Author: Paolo Manghi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030112268
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 15th Italian Research Conference on Digital Libraries, IRCDL 2019, held in Pisa, Italy, in January/February 2019. The 22 full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully selected from 42 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on information retrieval, digital libraries and archives, information integration, open science, and data mining.
