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Author: Shanka M. Henkanatte Gedara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cyanidium caldarium
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Currently, urban wastewaters (UWW) laden with organic carbon (BOD) and nutrients (ammoniacal nitrogen, N, and phosphates, P) are treated in multi-stage, energy-intensive process trains to meet the mandated discharge standards. With current recognition of UWWs as a renewable resource from which water, energy, nutrients, and useful chemicals could be reclaimed for beneficial use, publically owned treatment works (POTW) are searching for energy efficient, sustainable approaches to treat urban wastewaters. This study was developed and undertaken as part of the multi-disciplinary algal research effort at New Mexico State University to validate the fundamentals of a Photosynthetically Oxygenated Waste to Energy Recovery (Power) system as a sustainable, energy-positive approach to treat urban wastewater. The stoichiometric analysis of algal processes conducted in first phase of the study demonstrated the energy advantage and positive CO2 abatement potentials of mixed algal/bacterial system and mixotrophic algal system compared to the traditional activated sludge process. Evaluation of the C:N:P ratios validated the premise that algal-based systems are capable of single-step treatment of wastewater due to their C:N ratio being closer to that of the wastewaters and due to photosynthetic carbon fixation. In second phase of study, laboratory experiments conducted to validate the feasibility of acidophilic, thermotolerant algal species, Galdieria sulphuraria as a preferred strain for POWER system demonstrated high removal rates of BOD, N, and P (of 14.93, 7.23, and 1.38 mg L−1 day−1 respectively) which are comparable to literature reports. The growth capability of G. sulphuraria in raw primary effluent in comparison to growth in synthetic growth medium validated the fact that this particular strain is preferred for algal based watewater treatment; higher biomass yield observed with wastewater media demonstrated the energy advantage of G. sulphuraria due to its mixotrophic metabolism. These results confirm the premise of the POWER system as a sustainable technology for wastewater treatment, with potential for higher recovery of energy and nutrient than by current practice and validate the feasibility of G. sulphuraria as a preferred strain for use in the POWER system for urban wastewater treatment.
Author: Shanka M. Henkanatte Gedara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cyanidium caldarium
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Currently, urban wastewaters (UWW) laden with organic carbon (BOD) and nutrients (ammoniacal nitrogen, N, and phosphates, P) are treated in multi-stage, energy-intensive process trains to meet the mandated discharge standards. With current recognition of UWWs as a renewable resource from which water, energy, nutrients, and useful chemicals could be reclaimed for beneficial use, publically owned treatment works (POTW) are searching for energy efficient, sustainable approaches to treat urban wastewaters. This study was developed and undertaken as part of the multi-disciplinary algal research effort at New Mexico State University to validate the fundamentals of a Photosynthetically Oxygenated Waste to Energy Recovery (Power) system as a sustainable, energy-positive approach to treat urban wastewater. The stoichiometric analysis of algal processes conducted in first phase of the study demonstrated the energy advantage and positive CO2 abatement potentials of mixed algal/bacterial system and mixotrophic algal system compared to the traditional activated sludge process. Evaluation of the C:N:P ratios validated the premise that algal-based systems are capable of single-step treatment of wastewater due to their C:N ratio being closer to that of the wastewaters and due to photosynthetic carbon fixation. In second phase of study, laboratory experiments conducted to validate the feasibility of acidophilic, thermotolerant algal species, Galdieria sulphuraria as a preferred strain for POWER system demonstrated high removal rates of BOD, N, and P (of 14.93, 7.23, and 1.38 mg L−1 day−1 respectively) which are comparable to literature reports. The growth capability of G. sulphuraria in raw primary effluent in comparison to growth in synthetic growth medium validated the fact that this particular strain is preferred for algal based watewater treatment; higher biomass yield observed with wastewater media demonstrated the energy advantage of G. sulphuraria due to its mixotrophic metabolism. These results confirm the premise of the POWER system as a sustainable technology for wastewater treatment, with potential for higher recovery of energy and nutrient than by current practice and validate the feasibility of G. sulphuraria as a preferred strain for use in the POWER system for urban wastewater treatment.
Author: Shanka M. Henkanatte Gedara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
Author: Thinesh Selvaratnam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algae
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
This dissertation research was undertaken to develop and validate the fundamentals of a photosynthetically oxygenated waste to energy recovery (POWER) system that can potentially render urban wastewater treatment energy-positive and sustainable. Experiments conducted in the first phase of the studies demonstrated that, Galdieria sulphuraria can be cultivated in primary-settled urban wastewater, achieving high nutrient removal efficiencies at removal rates comparable to other strains. In the lab scale reactors, the strain achieved ammoniacal-nitrogen removals greater than 95%; and phosphate removals greater than 96% in 7 days. Biomass yield in these experiments averaged 27.42 g biomass per g nitrogen removed while similar data reported in the literature averaged 25.75 g biomass per g nitrogen. The high biomass yield recorded under laboratory conditions as well as the high areal productivity achieved under outdoor conditions in closed photobioreactors, hold promise for Galdieria sulphuraria as a preferred strain for use in the POWER system. Growth studies conducted in the second phase of the research with the aqueous product of hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass confirmed that Galdiria sulphurauia could be grown at rates comparable to that in the baseline artificial medium. This study confirmed another premise of the POWER system that recycling of the aqueous product of hydrothermal liquefaction could increase biomass productivity and net energy yield: biomass productivity recorded with initial N-NH3 level of 80 mg L−1and 20 mg L−1 of phosphate was 0.241 g L−1 d−1 whereas, that with initial N-NH3 level of 40 mg L−1 and 10 mg L−1 of phosphate typical of primary settled wastewater was 0.201 g L−1 d−1. Heterotrophic growth of Galdieria sulphuraria cultivated in the aqueous product of hydrothermal liquefaction conducted over a range of temperatures (180 to 300°C) and dilutions showed that biomass productivity recorded with recycled AP was greater than that with the standard growth medium, by a factor as much as 1.86 and confirmed the potential of carbon/nutrient recycling using the aqueous product (AP) of hydrothermal liquefaction. Estimates of net energy yields over this range of temperatures indicate the optimal HTL temperature for Galdieria sulphuraria to be 300°C. Results of this study confirmed the premises upon which the POWER was developed. Based on the experimental results of the study and the energetic analysis, the proposed POWER system holds promise for energy-efficient algal-based urban wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery.
Author: Nitharsan Kanapathippillai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algae
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
Reduction of nitrogen present in urban wastewater to an environmentally supportable level is essential since excess discharge of nitrogen to receiving waters would lead to several environmental and health risks. Publicity owned treatment works (POTWs), which are originally designed for organic carbon removal in the wastewater, are now being required to remove nutrients such as nitrogen as well from the wastewater to meet stringent effluent discharge standards. Even though many POTWs have adopted biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes for doing so, they are energy-intensive. In parallel to the ongoing research at NMSU in developing algal systems as an energy-efficient pathway for biofuel production, this study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of algal systems in nitrogen removal from urban wastewater. In contrast to the traditional energy-intensive nitrogen removal processes that dissipate the valuable carbon and nitrogen in the wastewaters into the environment as gaseous carbon dioxide and nitrogen, the algae-based approach can capture the energy in the wastewater as well as solar energy to generate energy-rich biomass. Further, the algal approach eliminates the aeration energy consumed by current aerobic technologies that demand dissolved oxygen. As a result, the algal approach has the potential to yield higher positive energy of about 16 kWh per kg of N removed. This study to assess the nutrient removal potential of the algal system was done in two parts. In the first part, the algal approach is compared against the traditional nitrification-denitrification process and emerging biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes such as ANNAMOX, CANON, Aerobic Deammonification, and DEAMOX on the basis of net energy per unit mass of nitrogen removed. In the second part of the study, a mathematical model was developed to predict biomass densities and nitrogen removal by algae for use in the on-going algal research work at NMSU in process optimization and scale up. The model was calibrated with experimental data from Galdieria sulphuraria and validated using data obtained under a range of initial biomass and nitrogen levels. The energy comparisons confirmed the premise that the algal-approach is more energy-efficient than the traditional and emerging BNR technologies. Predictions of biomass concentrations and nitrogen removal by the model developed in this study agreed well with the temporal trend of the experimental data with r2 ranging from 0.82 to 0.99. A sensitivity analysis of the seven model parameters used in this study revealed that, only two of them were significant for each profile, with sensitivity coefficients ranging from 0.0005 to 0.002 for biomass concentration, and 0.027 to 0.036 for dissolved nitrogen concentration.
Author: Ranjith Dissanayake
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 981139749X
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 635
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Book Description
This book highlights current research and development in the area of sustainable built environments, currently one of the most important disciplines in civil engineering. It covers a range of topics, including sustainable construction and infrastructures, waste and wastewater management, enhanced sustainability, renewable and clean energy, sustainable materials and industrial ecology, building automation and virtual reality, and impact of climate change. As such it provides vital insights into responsible urbanization practices, and new tools and technologies in civil engineering that can mitigate the negative effects of the built environment.
Author: Arun Kumar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000347672
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 253
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Book Description
Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation aims to point out trends and current topics concerning the use of microalgae in wastewater treatment and to identify potential paths for future research regarding microalgaebased bioremediation. To achieve this goal, the book also assessing and analyzes the topics that attract attention among the scientific community and their evolution through time. This book will be useful to the students, scientists and policy makers concerned with the microalgae mediated management of wastewater effluents and its applications in overall future sustainable development.
Author: OBULISAMY PARTHIBA KARTHIKEYAN
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000562751
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
"Algae are mysterious and fascinating organisms that hold great potential for discovery and biotechnology." —Dr. Thierry Tonon, Department of Biology, University of York "Science is a beautiful gift to humanity; we should not distort it." —A.P.J. Abdul Kalam In this book, we emphasise the importance of algal biotechnology as a sustainable platform to replace the conventional fossil-based economy. With this focus, Volume 2 summarizes up-to-date literature knowledge and discusses the advances in algal cultivation, genetic improvement, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, commercial operation, and technoeconomic analysis of algal biotechnology. FEATURES Discusses in detail recent developments in algae cultivation and biomass harvesting Provides an overview of genetic engineering and algal-bacteria consortia to improve productivity Presents applications of algae in the area of wastewater treatment and resource recovery Provides case studies and technoeconomic analysis to understand the algal biorefinery Shashi Kant Bhatia, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea. Sanjeet Mehariya, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, PhD, is a Research Scientist and Lecturer (Adjunct) in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA.
Author: Goksel N. Demirer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323858600
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
Integrated Wastewater Management and Valorization using Algal Cultures provides a holistic view on coupled wastewater treatment and biomass production for energy and value-added products using algal cultures. Algal cultures provide low-cost nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) treatment and recovery from wastewaters, carbon-dioxide sequestration from waste gases, value-added generation in the form of bio-energy and bio-based chemicals, biosorption of heavy metals and biogas upgrading. The book addresses all these aspects in terms of role of algal cultures in environmental sustainability and circular economy. The production of high value products is addressed through pretreatment and anaerobic co-digestion of wastewater-derived microalgal biomass and microalgal biorefineries. The simultaneous dissolution and uptake of nutrients in microalgal treatment of anaerobic digestate is discussed, as is coupled electrocoagulation and algal cultivation for the treatment of anaerobic digestate and algal biomass production. Finally, optimization of algal biomass production is discussed using metagenomics and machine learning tools, and scale-up potential and the limitations of integrated wastewater-derived microalgal biorefineries is discussed. Integrated Wastewater Management and Valorization using Algal Cultures offers an integrated resource on wastewater treatment, biomass production, bioenergy and value-added product generation for researchers in bioenergy and renewable energy, environmental science and wastewater treatment, as well as environmental and chemical engineering. Comprehensively covers methods of wastewater treatment by algal cultivation and algal utilization Integrates the applications of algal cultures across wastewater treatment, nutrient recycling, CO2 sequestration, bio-energy and bio-based product generation Provides several international case studies to showcase actual algae-based pilot projects and facilities
Author: Sanjay Kumar Gupta
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030139131
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
This two-volume work presents comprehensive, accurate information on the present status and contemporary development in phycoremediation of various types of domestic and industrial wastewaters. The volume covers a mechanistic understanding of microalgae based treatment of wastewaters, including current challenges in the treatment of various organic and inorganic pollutants, and future opportunities of bioremediation of wastewater and industrial effluents on an algal platform. The editors compile the work of authors from around the globe, providing insight on key issues and state-of-the-art developments in algal bioremediation that is missing from the currently available body of literature. The volume hopes to serve as a much needed resource for professors, researchers and scientists interested in microalgae applications for wastewater treatment. Volume 1 focuses on the different aspects of domestic and industrial wastewater treatment by microalgae. The case studies include examples such as genetic technologies as well as the development and efficient use of designer consortia for enhanced utilization of microalgae. This volume provides thorough and comprehensive information on removal of persistent and highly toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical compounds, and dyes from wastewater by microalgae, diatoms, and blue-green algae. Design considerations for algal ponds and efficient use of photobioreactors and HRAPs for wastewater treatment are some other highlights. This volume addresses the applications, potentials, and future opportunities for these various considerations in water pollution mitigation using algal technologies.
Author: Suhaib A. Bandh
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323914675
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
Valorization of Microalgal Biomass and Wastewater Treatment provides tools, techniques, data and case studies to demonstrate the use of algal biomass in the production of valuable products like biofuels, food and fertilizers, etc. Valorization has several advantages over conventional bioremediation processes as it helps reduce the costs of bioprocesses. Examples of several successfully commercialized technologies are provided throughout the book, giving insights into developing potential processes for valorization of different biomasses. Wastewater treatment by microalgae generates the biomass, which could be utilized for developing various other products, such as fertilizers and biofuels. This book will equip researchers and policymakers in the energy sector with the scientific methodology and metrics needed to develop strategies for a viable transition in the energy sector. It will be a key resource for students, researchers and practitioners seeking to deepen their knowledge on energy planning, wastewater treatment and current and future trends. Presents a detailed coverage of the tools and techniques for valarization of algal biomass Includes detailed updates on the Life Cycle Assessment of microalgal wastewater treatment and biomass valorization, its challenges, prospectus, regulations and policies Provides case studies of real-life examples for researchers to replicate and learn from
