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Author: Luo Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
"Driven piles are widely used as foundations for buildings, bridges, and other structures. Since 1994, AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) has been in process to change from ASD (Allowable Stress Design) method to LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) method for foundation design. The adoption of LRFD approach makes possible the application of reliability analysis to quantify uncertainties associated with various load and resistance components, respectively. Although there exist some recommendations for incorporation of set-up into ASD and quality control methods for driven piles, most of these recommendations were developed purely based on the engineering experience with no attendant database and reliability analysis. A successful application of probability approach will definitely result in significant improvements on the design and quality control of driven piles. Therefore, there is a need to develop the quality control criterion and to improve the LRFD of driven piles in the framework of reliability-based analysis. In this study, the new reliability-based quality control criteria on driven piles are developed based on acceptance-sampling analysis for various pile test methods with lognormal statistical characteristics. An optimum approach is recommended for the selection of the number of load tests and the required measured capacities for quality control of various load test methods of driven piles. The databases containing a large number of pile testing data are compiled for piles driven into clay and into sand, respectively. Based on the compiled databases, a new methodology is developed to incorporate set-up into the LRFD of drive piles using FORM (First Order Reliability Method) where the separate resistance factors for measured reference capacity and predicted set-up capacity are derived to account for different degrees of uncertainties associated with these two capacity components. Based on Bayesian theory, a new methodology is developed to optimize the LRFD of driven piles by combining the results from static calculation and dynamic pile testing. Specifically, the results from dynamic pile tests are incorporated to reduce the uncertainties associated with static analysis methods by updating the resistance factors in LRFD. Finally, a new one-dimensional wave equation based algorithm to interpret High Strain Testing data for estimation of resistances of driven piles is proposed."--abstract.
Author: Luo Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
"Driven piles are widely used as foundations for buildings, bridges, and other structures. Since 1994, AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) has been in process to change from ASD (Allowable Stress Design) method to LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) method for foundation design. The adoption of LRFD approach makes possible the application of reliability analysis to quantify uncertainties associated with various load and resistance components, respectively. Although there exist some recommendations for incorporation of set-up into ASD and quality control methods for driven piles, most of these recommendations were developed purely based on the engineering experience with no attendant database and reliability analysis. A successful application of probability approach will definitely result in significant improvements on the design and quality control of driven piles. Therefore, there is a need to develop the quality control criterion and to improve the LRFD of driven piles in the framework of reliability-based analysis. In this study, the new reliability-based quality control criteria on driven piles are developed based on acceptance-sampling analysis for various pile test methods with lognormal statistical characteristics. An optimum approach is recommended for the selection of the number of load tests and the required measured capacities for quality control of various load test methods of driven piles. The databases containing a large number of pile testing data are compiled for piles driven into clay and into sand, respectively. Based on the compiled databases, a new methodology is developed to incorporate set-up into the LRFD of drive piles using FORM (First Order Reliability Method) where the separate resistance factors for measured reference capacity and predicted set-up capacity are derived to account for different degrees of uncertainties associated with these two capacity components. Based on Bayesian theory, a new methodology is developed to optimize the LRFD of driven piles by combining the results from static calculation and dynamic pile testing. Specifically, the results from dynamic pile tests are incorporated to reduce the uncertainties associated with static analysis methods by updating the resistance factors in LRFD. Finally, a new one-dimensional wave equation based algorithm to interpret High Strain Testing data for estimation of resistances of driven piles is proposed."--abstract.
Author: Kok-Kwang Phoon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482265818
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
Reliability-based design is the only engineering methodology currently available which can ensure self-consistency in both physical and probabilistic terms. It is also uniquely compatible with the theoretical basis underlying other disciplines such as structural design. It is especially relevant as geotechnical design becomes subject to incre
Author: Joseph Jabo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321411171
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
The current use of the Arkansas Standard Specifications for Highway Construction Manuals (2003, 2014) for driven pile foundations faces various limitations which result in designs of questionable reliability. These specifications are based on the Allowable Stress Design method (ASD), cover a wide range of uncertainties, do not take into account pile and soil types, and were developed for general use. To overcome these challenges it is deemed necessary to develop a new design and acceptance protocol for driven piles. This new protocol incorporates locally calibrated RLFD resistance factors for accounting for local design and construction experiences and practices, as well as specific soil conditions and pile types. In that perspective, this dissertation focuses on the design and acceptance of driven pile foundations (predominately for bridge projects) using an LRFD protocol. A great deal of insight is gained into the factors that contribute to the performance of deep foundations by conducting an extensive literature review. The research assembled a relatively large database of pile load tests where both static and dynamic load testing was performed and sufficient soils information existed to perform static design calculations. A MATLAB® based program was developed to use the information contained in the database to compute resistance factors for driven piles using the First Order Second Moment Method (FOSM), Improved FOSM, the First Order Reliability Method (FORM), and Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS). The research also addressed a technique to update resistance factors using Bayesian techniques when new load tests are added to the database. More importantly the dissertation formulated a design and acceptance protocol that seeks to unify the level of reliability for deep foundations through both the design and construction phases. As a verification mechanism to the developed design and acceptance protocol, a full-scale pile load testing program was recommended. The testing program would be composed of ten driven piles that had been dynamically and statically load tested. It was found that, for the same required reliability level, acceptance criteria could be lowered if more piles are tested on a jobsite. Subsequently, a non-contact instrument--such as Pile Driving Monitoring device-is recommended to verify in situ pile capacity of each and every pile on construction site. The results from in situ pile capacity verification could be employed to update the calibrated resistance factors and to refine future designs.
Author: Rodrigo Salgado
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781622604791
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Driven piles are commonly used in foundation engineering. The most accurate measurement of pile capacity is achieved from measurements made during static load tests. Static load tests, however, may be too expensive for certain projects. In these cases, indirect estimates of the pile capacity can be made through dynamic measurements. These estimates can be performed either through pile driving formulae or through analytical methods, such as the Case method.Pile driving formulae, which relate the pile set per blow to the capacity of the pile, are frequently used to determine whether the pile has achieved its design capacity. However, existing formulae have numerous shortcomings. These formulae are based on empirical observations and lack scientific validation. This report details the development of more accurate and reliable pile driving formulae developed from advanced one-dimensional FE simulations. These formulae are derived for piles installed in five typical soil profiles: a floating pile in sand, an end¿bearing pile in sand, a floating pile in clay, an end¿bearing pile in clay and a pile crossing a normally consolidated clay layer and resting on a dense sand layer. The proposed driving formulae are validated through well-documented case histories of full-scale instrumented driven piles. The proposed formulae are more accurate and reliable on average than other existing methods for the case histories considered in this study.This report also discusses the development of a pile driving control system, a fully integrated system developed by Purdue that can be used to collect, process, and analyze data to estimate the capacities of piles using the Case method and the pile driving formulae developed at Purdue.
Author: Dan A. Brown
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309143357
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 418: Developing Production Pile Driving Criteria from Test Pile Data provides information on the current practices used by state transportation agencies to develop pile driving criteria, with special attention paid to the use of test pile data in the process.
Author: Robert Y. Liang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Piling (Civil engineering)
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Driven piles are widely used as foundations to support buildings, bridges, and other structures. In 2007, AASHTO has adopted LRFD method for foundation design. The probability based LRFD approach affords the mathematical framework from which significant improvements on the design and quality control of driven piles can be achieved. In this research, reliability-based quality control criteria for driven piles are developed based on the framework of acceptance-sampling analysis for both static and dynamic test methods with the lognormal distribution characteristics. As a result, an optimum approach is suggested for the number of load tests and the required measured capacities for quality control of driven piles. Furthermore, this research has compiled a large database of pile set-up, from which the reliability-based approach of FORM is employed to develop separate resistance factors for the measured reference (initial) capacity and predicted set-up capacity. This report also provides a Bayesian theory based approach to allow for combining the information from the static pile capacity calculation and dynamic pile testing data to improve pile design process. Specifically, the results from dynamic pile tests can be utilized to reduce the uncertainties associated with static analysis methods of pile capacity by updating the corresponding resistance factors. This research has also developed one-dimensional wave equation based algorithm to interpret the High Strain Testing (HST) data for the estimation of the shaft and toe resistance of driven piles. The closed form solution is obtained for determining the Smith damping factor and the static soil resistance. Finally, a set of new wireless dynamic testing equipment (both hardware and software) is developed for more efficient dynamic pile testing.
Author: Kok-Kwang Phoon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482227223
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
Establishes Geotechnical Reliability as Fundamentally Distinct from Structural Reliability Reliability-based design is relatively well established in structural design. Its use is less mature in geotechnical design, but there is a steady progression towards reliability-based design as seen in the inclusion of a new Annex D on "Reliability of Geotechnical Structures" in the third edition of ISO 2394. Reliability-based design can be viewed as a simplified form of risk-based design where different consequences of failure are implicitly covered by the adoption of different target reliability indices. Explicit risk management methodologies are required for large geotechnical systems where soil and loading conditions are too varied to be conveniently slotted into a few reliability classes (typically three) and an associated simple discrete tier of target reliability indices. Provides Realistic Practical Guidance Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering makes these reliability and risk methodologies more accessible to practitioners and researchers by presenting soil statistics which are necessary inputs, by explaining how calculations can be carried out using simple tools, and by presenting illustrative or actual examples showcasing the benefits and limitations of these methodologies. With contributions from a broad international group of authors, this text: Presents probabilistic models suited for soil parameters Provides easy-to-use Excel-based methods for reliability analysis Connects reliability analysis to design codes (including LRFD and Eurocode 7) Maximizes value of information using Bayesian updating Contains efficient reliability analysis methods Accessible To a Wide Audience Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering presents all the "need-to-know" information for a non-specialist to calculate and interpret the reliability index and risk of geotechnical structures in a realistic and robust way. It suits engineers, researchers, and students who are interested in the practical outcomes of reliability and risk analyses without going into the intricacies of the underlying mathematical theories.
Author: Kok-Kwang Phoon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1003801250
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 521
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Book Description
Uncertainty, Modeling, and Decision Making in Geotechnics shows how uncertainty quantification and numerical modeling can complement each other to enhance decision-making in geotechnical practice, filling a critical gap in guiding practitioners to address uncertainties directly. The book helps practitioners acquire a working knowledge of geotechnical risk and reliability methods and guides them to use these methods wisely in conjunction with data and numerical modeling. In particular, it provides guidance on the selection of realistic statistics and a cost-effective, accessible method to address different design objectives, and for different problem settings, and illustrates the value of this to decision-making using realistic examples. Bringing together statistical characterization, reliability analysis, reliability-based design, probabilistic inverse analysis, and physical insights drawn from case studies, this reference guide from an international team of experts offers an excellent resource for state-of-the-practice uncertainty-informed geotechnical design for specialist practitioners and the research community.
Author: K.K. Phoon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351783408
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
The latest 4th edition of the international standard on the principles of reliability for load bearing structures (ISO2394:2015) includes a new Annex D dedicated to the reliability of geotechnical structures. The emphasis in Annex D is to identify and characterize critical elements of the geotechnical reliability-based design process. This book contains a wealth of data and information to assist geotechnical engineers with the implementation of semi-probabilistic or full probabilistic design approaches within the context of established geotechnical knowledge, principles, and experience. The introduction to the book presents an overview on how reliability can play a complementary role within prevailing norms in geotechnical practice to address situations where some measured data and/or past experience exist for limited site-specifi c data to be supplemented by both objective regional data and subjective judgment derived from comparable sites elsewhere. The principles of reliability as presented in ISO2394:2015 provides the common basis for harmonization of structural and geotechnical design. The balance of the chapters describes the uncertainty representation of geotechnical design parameters, the statistical characterization of multivariate geotechnical data and model factors, semi-probabilistic and direct probability-based design methods in accordance to the outline of Annex D. This book elaborates and reinforces the goal of Annex D to advance geotechnical reliability-based design with geotechnical needs at the forefront while complying with the general principles of reliability given by ISO2394:2015. It serves as a supplementary reference to Annex D and it is a must-read for designing geotechnical structures in compliance with ISO2394:2015.
Author: Joseph Ronson Cravens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) has recently migrated from allowable stress design (ASD) to load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of driven piles. This transition was initiated when the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a policy stating that all new bridge designs shall be designed in accordance with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications to eliminate the difference in design methodologies for bridge superstructures and bridge substructures. However, the resistance factors for driven piles specified in the AASHTO LRFD specifications are based on nationwide pile data, consisting of a wide range of different geologies, subsurface conditions, and installation procedures. For MoDOT to fully benefit from the transition from ASD to LRFD, resistance factors based on MoDOT's local practices and geologic conditions must be developed. The presented research was dedicated to collecting pile load test data to allow the calibration of resistance factors for ultimate limit state design for predictive methods used by MoDOT to determine pile capacity, as well as to develop related reliability-based quality control criteria of driven pile foundations. MoDOT's current state of practice was evaluated and all available pile load test data was collected. However, MoDOT has records for only 10 pile load tests. Therefore, the search was extended to Missouri's eight neighboring states by distributing questionnaires to surrounding state transportation administrations in hope of gathering pile data. Surrounding states have different geologic conditions, but any collected pile data could be matched to similar soil and rock formations in Missouri's geologic regions. Only five out of eight states responded to the questionnaire, and there was no pile load test data obtained from the states that responded. Therefore, the calibration of resistance factors could not be performed based on the research approaches. The deformation behavior of MoDOT bridge pile foundations was also evaluated at the serviceability limit state by modeling pile foundations in FB-MultiPier. The results indicated that pile displacement is an important factor for the development of serviceability resistance factors for pile foundations. Lastly, recommendations for future MoDOT practice and future research efforts regarding driven piles are provided"--Abstract, leaf iii
