Regulation of Glucose Transporter Isoform 4 (GLUT4) Expression and Function in Primary and Cultured Skeletal Muscle PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Regulation of Glucose Transporter Isoform 4 (GLUT4) Expression and Function in Primary and Cultured Skeletal Muscle PDF full book. Access full book title Regulation of Glucose Transporter Isoform 4 (GLUT4) Expression and Function in Primary and Cultured Skeletal Muscle by Zidong Zhang. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Zidong Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Get Book Here
Book Description
Abstract: Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the human body and the predominant site for insulin stimulated glucose clearance. This process requires the tissue specific expression and movement of glucose transporter isoform 4 (Glut4) from an intracellular vesicular pool to the cell surface. The perturbation of this process at various levels disrupts cellular glucose utilization and causes pathophysiological defects such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, understanding factors that regulate Glut4 expression and the efficiency of Glut4 translocation in muscle is important. Denervation of rat hindlimb skeletal muscle is a model for insulin resistance, one that is similar to what is seen in humans as a result of spinal cord injury. Glut4 expression in denervated rat muscle is decreased by 80%. Using microarray mRNA profiling, the orphan nuclear receptor, Nur77, was identified as a possible regulator of Glut4 and other genes linked to glucose utilization. This role of Nur77 was confirmed by in vivo knock-down by electroporating Nur77-directed shRNA into skeletal muscle. This resulted in the down regulation of Glut4 and genes involved in glycolysis. Conversely, the ectopic expression of Nur77 in denervated rat muscle "rescued" the expression of Glut4 and the same set of glycolytic genes. These results demonstrate that Nur77 is a mediator of neuromuscular signaling in the control of metabolic genes required for muscle glucose utilization. Following its tissue expression in muscle, Glut4 function requires that it undergoes translocation to the cell surface, a process acutely regulated by exercise (contraction) as well as by insulin. For Glut4 translocation, an in vitro model to study muscle metabolism was generated by ectopic expression of human Glut4 in a skeletal muscle cell line, which allows broader and more facile experimental manipulations than muscle in situ. The signaling pathway for exercise in these cells was mimicked by AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activation and studied in comparison and in combination with the insulin signaling pathway. A synergistic effect on Glut4 translocation by activation of AMPK plus insulin stimulation was observed in 3 independent experimental approaches, and was attributed to the extended activation of the insulin signaling pathway by AMPK.
Author: Zidong Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Get Book Here
Book Description
Abstract: Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the human body and the predominant site for insulin stimulated glucose clearance. This process requires the tissue specific expression and movement of glucose transporter isoform 4 (Glut4) from an intracellular vesicular pool to the cell surface. The perturbation of this process at various levels disrupts cellular glucose utilization and causes pathophysiological defects such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, understanding factors that regulate Glut4 expression and the efficiency of Glut4 translocation in muscle is important. Denervation of rat hindlimb skeletal muscle is a model for insulin resistance, one that is similar to what is seen in humans as a result of spinal cord injury. Glut4 expression in denervated rat muscle is decreased by 80%. Using microarray mRNA profiling, the orphan nuclear receptor, Nur77, was identified as a possible regulator of Glut4 and other genes linked to glucose utilization. This role of Nur77 was confirmed by in vivo knock-down by electroporating Nur77-directed shRNA into skeletal muscle. This resulted in the down regulation of Glut4 and genes involved in glycolysis. Conversely, the ectopic expression of Nur77 in denervated rat muscle "rescued" the expression of Glut4 and the same set of glycolytic genes. These results demonstrate that Nur77 is a mediator of neuromuscular signaling in the control of metabolic genes required for muscle glucose utilization. Following its tissue expression in muscle, Glut4 function requires that it undergoes translocation to the cell surface, a process acutely regulated by exercise (contraction) as well as by insulin. For Glut4 translocation, an in vitro model to study muscle metabolism was generated by ectopic expression of human Glut4 in a skeletal muscle cell line, which allows broader and more facile experimental manipulations than muscle in situ. The signaling pathway for exercise in these cells was mimicked by AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activation and studied in comparison and in combination with the insulin signaling pathway. A synergistic effect on Glut4 translocation by activation of AMPK plus insulin stimulation was observed in 3 independent experimental approaches, and was attributed to the extended activation of the insulin signaling pathway by AMPK.
Author: Ashok K. Srivastava
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792381136
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Get Book Here
Book Description
In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
Author: Gwyn W. Gould
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780412132919
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is a comprehensive text covering the major aspects of the cell and molecular biology of the facilitative glucose transporter family. The text reviews the biology and function of each family member, covers structure-function studies, the regulation of glucose transport by insulin and the consequence of diabetes and insulin resistance, discusses aspects of cellular signalling which control glucose transport, reviews the control of expression and function of GLUT2 in liver and pancreatic beta-cells, and reviews the effects of nutrients on the control of sugar transporter expression.
Author: C. Redman
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9780632027217
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 608
Get Book Here
Book Description
The placenta is fascinating and complex. Basically foreign to the maternal body, it can be thought of as an organ transplanted onto the mother's host tissue. As such it embodies all the principles of tissue acceptance and rejection. Many of the risks of pregnancy and labor have now been eliminated and the placenta is likely to be at the root of many of the dangers to the unborn child that remain. A breakdown of the relationship between the placenta and the maternal tissue may turn out to be the cause of the majority of early lost pregnancies.
Author: Jeanne Marie Richardson-Wallace
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Wilfred D. Stein
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0124165834
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 423
Get Book Here
Book Description
An introduction to the principles of membrane transport: How molecules and ions move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion and by making use of specialized membrane components (channels, carriers, and pumps). The text emphasizes the quantitative aspects of such movement and its interpretation in terms of transport kinetics. Molecular studies of channels, carriers, and pumps are described in detail as well as structural principles and the fundamental similarities between the various transporters and their evolutionary interrelationships. The regulation of transporters and their role in health and disease are also considered. - Provides an introduction to the properties of transport proteins: channels, carriers, and pumps - Presents up-to-date information on the structure of transport proteins and on their function and regulation - Includes introductions to transport kinetics and to the cloning of genes that code transport proteins - Furnishes a link between the experimental basis of the subject and theoretical model building
Author: Juleen R Zierath
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1134485417
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 659
Get Book Here
Book Description
Diabetes research on models comprising intact animal tissues, cell cultures and isolated pancreatic islets is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease as well as the mechanisms responsible for the chronic complications associated with it. Enormous advances in the understanding of the development of diabetes and its prevention hav
Author: Gerald Litwack
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 032391053X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 883
Get Book Here
Book Description
**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Biochemistry** Human Biochemistry, Second Edition provides a comprehensive, pragmatic introduction to biochemistry as it relates to human development and disease. Here, Gerald Litwack, award-wining researcher and longtime teacher, discusses the biochemical aspects of organ systems and tissue, cells, proteins, enzymes, insulins and sugars, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, polypeptides, steroids, and vitamins and nutrition, among other topics. Fully updated to address recent advances, the new edition features fresh discussions on hypothalamic releasing hormones, DNA editing with CRISPR, new functions of cellular prions, plant-based diet and nutrition, and much more. Grounded in problem-driven learning, this new edition features clinical case studies, applications, chapter summaries, and review-based questions that translate basic biochemistry into clinical practice, thus empowering active clinicians, students and researchers. - Presents an update on a past edition winner of the 2018 Most Promising New Textbook (College) Award (Texty) from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association and the PROSE Award of the Association of American Publishers - Provides a fully updated resource on current research in human and medical biochemistry - Includes clinical case studies, applications, chapter summaries and review-based questions - Adopts a practice-based approach, reflecting the needs of both researchers and clinically oriented readers
Author: P. Darrell Neufer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetic regulation
Languages : en
Pages : 226
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Ronald Ross Watson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124046045
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 593
Get Book Here
Book Description
Wheat and Rice in Disease Prevention and Health reviews the wide range of studies focusing on the health benefits and disease prevention associated with the consumption of wheat and rice, the two most widely consumed whole grains. This book provides researchers, clinicians, and students with a comprehensive, definitive, and up-to-date compendium on the diverse basic and translational aspects of whole grain consumption and its protective effects across human health and disease. It serves as both a resource for current researchers as well as a guide to assist those in related disciplines to enter the realm of whole grain and nutrition research. Overall, studies have shown that a decrease in the amount of whole grains in the modern diet is related to a corresponding increase in health problems that are attributed to this all-too-common dietary imbalance. The resulting health issues associated with an over-processed diet, which provides inadequate levels of nutrients from whole grains, may include obesity, diabetes, high blood lipids, chronic inflammatory states, and an excess of oxidative stress. Strength and endurance may also suffer as a result of these nutrient deficiencies, followed by declines in energy and immunity. - Saves researchers and clinicians time in quickly accessing the latest details on a broad range of nutritional and epidemiological issues - Provides a common language for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, epidemiologists, and dietitians to discuss how the action of wheat and rice protect against disease and modify human health - Preclinical, clinical, and population studies help nutritionists, dieticians, and clinicians map out key areas for research and further clinical recommendations
