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Author: Jana Mueller
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
S. oneidensis MR-1 is a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium. Under anaerobic conditions S. oneidensis MR-1 attaches to insoluble minerals such as Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides and can use these as alternative electron acceptors. Biofilms of S. oneidensis MR- 1 were previously found to be dependent on the mxd gene cluster (mxdABCD). This study identified environmental and genetic factors regulating mxd -dependent and -independent biofilm formation in S. oneidensis MR-1 and a putative function for mxdB in LPS biosynthesis. Physiological experiments determined electron donor starvation as a factor responsible for mxd induction. Tn5 mutagenesis identified the two-component signaling system (TCS) ArcS/ArcA and a putative TCS BarA/UvrY as regulators of mxd expression. ccmC, important for cytochrome c maturation, was found to be involved in biofilm formation in S. oneidensis MR-1. Microarray analysis identified ccmC to play a role in aspects of anaerobic and fermentative metabolism in S. oneidensis MR-1. In conclusion, these data indicate a potential connection between energy metabolism of the cell, mxd and biofilm formation in S. oneidenis MR-1. The natural life cycle of the phylogenetically closest relative V. cholerae A1552 involves the transitioning of cells between different environmental surfaces such as the chitinous shell of Crustaceae and the epithelial layer of the human intestine and vice versa. Biofilms of V. cholerae A1552 vpsA and luxO mutants grown under hydrodynamic flow conditions were found to form pronounced, three-dimensional biofilms that resemble all aspects of wild type biofilms. By genetic experiments, it was shown that in hydrodynamically-grown biofilms this independence of vpsA is due to the expression of rpoS, which is a negative regulator of vpsA expression. Biofilms also underwent substantial metabolically controlled dissolution after 96 h that could be induced by a simple stop of medium flow across the biofilm. These studies indicate that metabolic conditions control the reversible attachment of cells to the biofilm matrix and are key in regulating biofilm cell physiology via rpoS. Furthermore, these results redefine the roles of vps and quorum-sensing in V. cholerae A1552 biofilms.
Author: Jana Mueller
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
S. oneidensis MR-1 is a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium. Under anaerobic conditions S. oneidensis MR-1 attaches to insoluble minerals such as Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides and can use these as alternative electron acceptors. Biofilms of S. oneidensis MR- 1 were previously found to be dependent on the mxd gene cluster (mxdABCD). This study identified environmental and genetic factors regulating mxd -dependent and -independent biofilm formation in S. oneidensis MR-1 and a putative function for mxdB in LPS biosynthesis. Physiological experiments determined electron donor starvation as a factor responsible for mxd induction. Tn5 mutagenesis identified the two-component signaling system (TCS) ArcS/ArcA and a putative TCS BarA/UvrY as regulators of mxd expression. ccmC, important for cytochrome c maturation, was found to be involved in biofilm formation in S. oneidensis MR-1. Microarray analysis identified ccmC to play a role in aspects of anaerobic and fermentative metabolism in S. oneidensis MR-1. In conclusion, these data indicate a potential connection between energy metabolism of the cell, mxd and biofilm formation in S. oneidenis MR-1. The natural life cycle of the phylogenetically closest relative V. cholerae A1552 involves the transitioning of cells between different environmental surfaces such as the chitinous shell of Crustaceae and the epithelial layer of the human intestine and vice versa. Biofilms of V. cholerae A1552 vpsA and luxO mutants grown under hydrodynamic flow conditions were found to form pronounced, three-dimensional biofilms that resemble all aspects of wild type biofilms. By genetic experiments, it was shown that in hydrodynamically-grown biofilms this independence of vpsA is due to the expression of rpoS, which is a negative regulator of vpsA expression. Biofilms also underwent substantial metabolically controlled dissolution after 96 h that could be induced by a simple stop of medium flow across the biofilm. These studies indicate that metabolic conditions control the reversible attachment of cells to the biofilm matrix and are key in regulating biofilm cell physiology via rpoS. Furthermore, these results redefine the roles of vps and quorum-sensing in V. cholerae A1552 biofilms.
Author: W. Arber
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642461662
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
"When we give a definition it is for the purpose of using it". HENRI POINCARE in Science and Method A. Objectives The first version of this paper was written to introduce new students and fellows of my laboratory to the mysteries of herpesviruses. Consonant with this design sections dealing with well documented data were trimmed to the bone whereas many obscure phenomena, controversial data and seemingly trivial observations were discussed generously and at length. There is some doubt as to whether it was meant to be published, but it was not a review. The objective of reviews is frequently to bring order. But alas, even the most fluent summation of credible data frequently makes dull reading and too much plausible order, like very little entropy in chemical reactions, is not the most suitable environment on which to nurture the urge to discover. This version is more charitable but not less inbalanced. The bibliography reflects the intent of the paper and was updated last in December of 1968. It should be obvious without saying that no single account such as this can do justice or injustice, as the case may be, to the several hundred papers published on herpesviruses each year or to the many thousand papers published on herpesviruses since the first of the members of the family was experimentally transmitted to a heterologous host more than half a century ago (GRUTER, 1924). B. Definition 1.
Author: Michael L. Vasil
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press
ISBN: 1555816762
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1189
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Book Description
A comprehensive compendium of scholarly contributions relating to bacterial virulence gene regulation. • Provides insights into global control and the switch between distinct infectious states (e.g., acute vs. chronic). • Considers key issues about the mechanisms of gene regulation relating to: surface factors, exported toxins and export mechanisms. • Reflects on how the regulation of intracellular lifestyles and the response to stress can ultimately have an impact on the outcome of an infection. • Highlights and examines some emerging regulatory mechanisms of special significance. • Serves as an ideal compendium of valuable topics for students, researchers and faculty with interests in how the mechanisms of gene regulation ultimately affect the outcome of an array of bacterial infectious diseases.
Author: Korneel Rabaey
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 184339233X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
In the context of wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) have gained considerable interest in the past few years, and several BES processes are on the brink of application to this area. This book, written by a large number of world experts in the different sub-topics, describes the different aspects and processes relevant to their development. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) use micro-organisms to catalyze an oxidation and/or reduction reaction at an anodic and cathodic electrode respectively. Briefly, at an anode oxidation of organic and inorganic electron donors can occur. Prime examples of such electron donors are waste organics and sulfides. At the cathode, an electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate can be reduced. The anode and the cathode are connected through an electrical circuit. If electrical power is harvested from this circuit, the system is called a Microbial Fuel Cell; if electrical power is invested, the system is called a Microbial Electrolysis Cell. The overall framework of bio-energy and bio-fuels is discussed. A number of chapters discuss the basics – microbiology, microbial ecology, electrochemistry, technology and materials development. The book continues by highlighting the plurality of processes based on BES technology already in existence, going from wastewater based reactors to sediment based bio-batteries. The integration of BESs into existing water or process lines is discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided of how BES will fit within the emerging biorefinery area.
Author: Anthony P Moran
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080923240
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1037
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Book Description
This book presents in an easy-to-read format a summary of the important central aspects of microbial glycobiology, i.e. the study of carbohydrates as related to the biology of microorganisms. Microbial glycobiology represents a multidisciplinary and emerging area with implications for a range of basic and applied research fields, as well as having industrial, medical and biotechnological implications. - Individual chapters provided by leading international scientists in the field yield insightful, concise and stimulating reviews - Provides researchers with an overview and synthesis of the latest research - Each chapter begins with a brief 200 word Summary/Abstract detailing the topic and focus of the chapter, as well as the concepts to be addressed - Allows researchers to see at a glance what each chapter will cover - Each chapter includes a Research Focus Box - Identifies important problems that still need to be solved and areas that require further investigation
Author: Don J. Brenner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387280227
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1128
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Book Description
Includes a description of the Gammaproteobacteria (1203 pages, 222 figures, and 300 tables). This large taxon includes many well known medically and environmentally important groups. Especially notable are the Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas, Beggiatoa, Chromatium, Legionella, Nitrococcus, Oceanospirillum, Pseudomonas, Rickettsiella, Vibrio, Xanthomonas and 155 additional genera.
Author: Edward T Ryan
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323625509
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1265
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Book Description
New emerging diseases, new diagnostic modalities for resource-poor settings, new vaccine schedules ... all significant, recent developments in the fast-changing field of tropical medicine. Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10th Edition, keeps you up to date with everything from infectious diseases and environmental issues through poisoning and toxicology, animal injuries, and nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies that result from traveling to tropical or subtropical regions. This comprehensive resource provides authoritative clinical guidance, useful statistics, and chapters covering organs, skills, and services, as well as traditional pathogen-based content. You'll get a full understanding of how to recognize and treat these unique health issues, no matter how widespread or difficult to control. - Includes important updates on malaria, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and HIV, as well as coverage of Ebola, Zika virus, Chikungunya, and other emerging pathogens. - Provides new vaccine schedules and information on implementation. - Features five all-new chapters: Neglected Tropical Diseases: Public Health Control Programs and Mass Drug Administration; Health System and Health Care Delivery; Zika; Medical Entomology; and Vector Control – as well as 250 new images throughout. - Presents the common characteristics and methods of transmission for each tropical disease, as well as the applicable diagnosis, treatment, control, and disease prevention techniques. - Contains skills-based chapters such as dentistry, neonatal pediatrics and ICMI, and surgery in the tropics, and service-based chapters such as transfusion in resource-poor settings, microbiology, and imaging. - Discusses maladies such as delusional parasitosis that are often seen in returning travelers, including those making international adoptions, transplant patients, medical tourists, and more. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Author: Tony Romeo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540754180
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.
Author: Ying Deng
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081003986
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Biofilms and Implantable Medical Devices: Infection and Control explores the increasing use of permanent and semi-permanent implants and indwelling medical devices. As an understanding of the growth and impact of biofilm formation on these medical devices and biomaterials is vital for protecting the health of the human host, this book provides readers with a comprehensive treatise on biofilms and their relationship with medical devices, also reporting on infections and associated strategies for prevention. - Provides useful information on the fundamentals of biofilm problems in medical devices - Discusses biofilm problems in a range of medical devices - Focuses on strategies for prevention of biofilm formation
Author: John L. Pace
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420028235
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Rather than existing in a planktonic or free-living form, evidence indicates that microbes show a preference for living in a sessile form within complex communities called biofilms. Biofilms appear to afford microbes a survival advantage by optimizing nutrition, offering protection against hostile elements, and providing a network for cell-to-cell
