Reducing the Environmental and Economic Impact of the Unhairing-Liming Process in the Leather Tanning Industry PDF Download
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Author: Dima W. Nazer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The environmental impact of the tanning industry is generally significant with outputs of wastes, i.e. high concentrations of organics, salts and heavy metals (chromium compounds), both in solid and liquid form, as a result. In order to bring the tanning industry more in line with present environmental thinking, various methods have been devised to reduce impacts. The underlying study proposes a modification of the method for unhairingeliming of hides where the unhairingeliming liquids are reused several times after being recharged by reduced quantities of chemicals. The study, therefore, aims at reducing both the economic and environmental costs of the unhairingeliming process. Experiments were carried out at lab scale with a simulation apparatus designed for the purpose. Life cycle assessment was used to evaluate the net environmental benefits of the modified method. The present value approach was used to evaluate the economic feasibility of the modified method. The quality of the produced leather was assessed by experts from the tanning sector (tanners). On the environmental level, the modified method reduced the environmental impact of the process by 24%, COD was reduced by 50% as well as sulfide which was reduced by 73% when the process water was recycled four times. The modified method requires some investment in new equipment and is a little more labor intensive as compared with the conventional method but does permit for savings in water up to 58% and chemicals up to 28% as well as wastewater treatment cost which was reduced by 58%. The modified method allowed for four times reuse of the unhairingeliming liquor without visibly affecting the quality of the final product of leather. It was concluded that both the economic and the environmental costs of the unhairingeliming process were reduced relative to the same of the conventional method.
Author: Dima W. Nazer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The environmental impact of the tanning industry is generally significant with outputs of wastes, i.e. high concentrations of organics, salts and heavy metals (chromium compounds), both in solid and liquid form, as a result. In order to bring the tanning industry more in line with present environmental thinking, various methods have been devised to reduce impacts. The underlying study proposes a modification of the method for unhairingeliming of hides where the unhairingeliming liquids are reused several times after being recharged by reduced quantities of chemicals. The study, therefore, aims at reducing both the economic and environmental costs of the unhairingeliming process. Experiments were carried out at lab scale with a simulation apparatus designed for the purpose. Life cycle assessment was used to evaluate the net environmental benefits of the modified method. The present value approach was used to evaluate the economic feasibility of the modified method. The quality of the produced leather was assessed by experts from the tanning sector (tanners). On the environmental level, the modified method reduced the environmental impact of the process by 24%, COD was reduced by 50% as well as sulfide which was reduced by 73% when the process water was recycled four times. The modified method requires some investment in new equipment and is a little more labor intensive as compared with the conventional method but does permit for savings in water up to 58% and chemicals up to 28% as well as wastewater treatment cost which was reduced by 58%. The modified method allowed for four times reuse of the unhairingeliming liquor without visibly affecting the quality of the final product of leather. It was concluded that both the economic and the environmental costs of the unhairingeliming process were reduced relative to the same of the conventional method.
Author: Dima Nazer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: Dima Wadi Nazer
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203093283
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Water scarcity is increasing all over the world because of growing population and increasing demands. Countries with limited water resources are urgently in need of a new approach toward water management by shifting from the "use and dispose" approach to the "use, treat, and reuse" approach. This book proposes a framework for the sustainable m
Author: James F. Scaief
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Leather
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 932
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Book Description
Author: United Nations Environment Programme. Industry & Environment Office
Publisher: Conran Octopus
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Author: Dhulasi Birundha Varadarajan
Publisher: APH Publishing
ISBN: 9788170245643
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Author: Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981334377X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
This book highlights the concept of water footprint in different industrial sectors such as leather tanning, steel, agriculture, textile and wine. One of the very basic necessities of life which is soon going to be scarce is water, hence the environmental footprint assessments on any scale essentially includes water footprint which is being measured in various supply chains and across different product categories. According to ISO 14046, the water footprint assessment refers to the total freshwater volume consumed and polluted directly or indirectly across a product’s end-to-end supply chain. This book presents, for industry purposes, the focus on identification and quantification of water trade, the scarcity, and pollution involved in the production of goods and services.
Author: Anthony D Covington
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788019075
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 590
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Book Description
This book offers a state-of-the-art view of leather making, based on the scientific principles underpinning the technology. In particular, it contributes to the understanding of the modern leather industry, allowing practitioners to make judgements about day-to-day problems in the tannery and how change can be applied in a predictable way. Major themes running through the book are the economics and environmental impact of leather making and how these will ensure the sustainability of the industry. This second edition of Tony Covington’s Tanning Chemistry is a revision, update and extension in collaboration with a new co-author, Will Wise. The update reflects the advances made in the past decade, including a discussion of the impact of new information concerning the chemistry of sulfide. The original chapters have been re-organised and new chapters on novel modes of reagent delivery and the principles of finishing are now included. Enzymology is addressed as a separate topic, as are environmental impact and the future of leather. The book will be useful to all those involved in the supply chain, from farm, through students, chemical suppliers and tanners, to leather goods brands. Leather science is the key to understanding leather technology, to make it work, to make it work better and to keep it ahead of the competition.
Author: NIIR Board of Consultants Engineers
Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
ISBN: 8190568590
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Leather Industry has been one of the traditional industries operating at present. The hides and skins of animals are the source of leather and preserving hides and tanning them into leather has become an important industry. Leather-making is now a scientifically based industry, but still retains some of the charm and mystery of the original craft. Animal skin that has been processed to retain its flexibility, toughness, and waterproof nature is known as leather. "Leather tanning" is a general term for the numerous processing steps involved in converting animal hides or skins into finished leather. Tanning is the final process in turning hides and skins into leather. Tanning involves a complex combination of mechanical and chemical processes. The heart of the process is the tanning operation itself in which organic or inorganic materials become chemically bound to the protein structure of the hide and preserve it from deterioration. The main chemical processes carried out by the tanner are the unhairing, liming, tanning, neutralizing and dyeing. This indispensable handbook provides a detailed insight into the leather industry, leather processing and tanning technology with manufacturing of different forms of leather products. The book contains the manufacturing process of different forms and type of leather products like box and willow sides, glazed kid, sole leather, lace leather, belting and bag leather, chamois leather, upholstery leather, antique leather, light and fancy leather, etc. to name a few. This book will be very helpful to its readers, upcoming entrepreneurs, scientists, existing industries, technical institutions, technocrats, etc.
