Reaction Times to Neon, LED, and Fast Incandescent Brake Lamps PDF Download
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Author: M. Sivak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
Standard incandescent brake lamps have a relatively slow rise time. It takes approximately a quarter of a second for them to reach 90% of asymptotic light output, causing potential delays in responses by following drivers. The present study evaluated reaction times to brake signals from standard incandescent brake lamps and from three alternative brake lamps with substantially faster rise time: neon, LED, and fast incandescent. The study, performed in a laboratory, simulated a daytime driving condition. The subject’s task was to respond as quickly as possible to the onset of either of two brake lamps in the visual periphery, while engaged in a central tracking task. Brake signals were presented at two levels of luminous intensity. The results showed that reaction times to the alternative brake lamps were faster than to the standard incandescent lamp, with the advantage averaging 166 ms for the LED and neon lamps, and 135 ms for the fast incandescent lamp. A reduction of the signals’ luminous intensity from 42 cd to 5 cd increased the reaction time by 84 ms. For the neon, LED, and fast incandescent lamps all at 5 cd, the frequencies of reaction times longer than 1 s were all similar, and they were comparable to the frequency for the standard incandescent lamp at 42 cd.
Author: M. Sivak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
Standard incandescent brake lamps have a relatively slow rise time. It takes approximately a quarter of a second for them to reach 90% of asymptotic light output, causing potential delays in responses by following drivers. The present study evaluated reaction times to brake signals from standard incandescent brake lamps and from three alternative brake lamps with substantially faster rise time: neon, LED, and fast incandescent. The study, performed in a laboratory, simulated a daytime driving condition. The subject’s task was to respond as quickly as possible to the onset of either of two brake lamps in the visual periphery, while engaged in a central tracking task. Brake signals were presented at two levels of luminous intensity. The results showed that reaction times to the alternative brake lamps were faster than to the standard incandescent lamp, with the advantage averaging 166 ms for the LED and neon lamps, and 135 ms for the fast incandescent lamp. A reduction of the signals’ luminous intensity from 42 cd to 5 cd increased the reaction time by 84 ms. For the neon, LED, and fast incandescent lamps all at 5 cd, the frequencies of reaction times longer than 1 s were all similar, and they were comparable to the frequency for the standard incandescent lamp at 42 cd.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 1666
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Book Description
Author: Valerie Jane Gawron
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042967127X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
This book was developed to help researchers and practitioners select measures to be used in the evaluation of human/machine systems. The book begins with an overview of the steps involved in developing a test to measure human performance. This is followed by a definition of human performance and a review of human performance measures. Another section defines situational awareness with reviews of situational awareness measures. For both the performance and situational awareness sections, each measure is described, along with its strengths and limitations, data requirements, threshold values, and sources of further information. To make this reference easier to use, extensive author and subject indices are provided. Features Provides a short engineering tutorial on experimental design Offers readily accessible information on human performance and situational awareness (SA) measures Presents general description of the measure Covers data collection, reduction, and analysis requirements Details the strengths and limitations or restrictions of each measure, including proprietary rights or restrictions
Author: Valerie Jane Gawron
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042967273X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
This two-volume set was developed to help researchers and practitioners select measures to be used in the evaluation of human/machine systems. It can also be used to supplement classes at both the undergraduate and graduate courses in ergonomics, experimental psychology, human factors, human performance, measurement, and system test and evaluation. Volume 1 of the handbook begins with an overview of the steps involved in developing a test to measure human performance, workload, and/or situational awareness. This is followed by a definition of human performance and a review of human performance measures. Situational Awareness is similarly treated in a subsequent chapter. Volume 2 presents a definition of workload and a review of workload measures. Provides a short engineering tutorial on experimental design Offers readily accessible information on human performance, workload, and situational awareness (SA) measures Presents general description of the measure Covers data collection, reduction, and analysis requirement Details out the strengths and limitations or restrictions of each measure, including any known proprietary rights or restrictions, as well as validity and reliability data
Author: Jian-Jang Huang
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0857099302
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 673
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Book Description
The development of nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has led to advancements in high-brightness LED technology for solid-state lighting, handheld electronics, and advanced bioengineering applications. Nitride Semiconductor Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) reviews the fabrication, performance, and applications of this technology that encompass the state-of-the-art material and device development, and practical nitride-based LED design considerations. Part one reviews the fabrication of nitride semiconductor LEDs. Chapters cover molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of nitride semiconductors, modern metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques and the growth of nitride-based materials, and gallium nitride (GaN)-on-sapphire and GaN-on-silicon technologies for LEDs. Nanostructured, non-polar and semi-polar nitride-based LEDs, as well as phosphor-coated nitride LEDs, are also discussed. Part two covers the performance of nitride LEDs, including photonic crystal LEDs, surface plasmon enhanced LEDs, color tuneable LEDs, and LEDs based on quantum wells and quantum dots. Further chapters discuss the development of LED encapsulation technology and the fundamental efficiency droop issues in gallium indium nitride (GaInN) LEDs. Finally, part three highlights applications of nitride LEDs, including liquid crystal display (LCD) backlighting, infrared emitters, and automotive lighting. Nitride Semiconductor Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is a technical resource for academics, physicists, materials scientists, electrical engineers, and those working in the lighting, consumer electronics, automotive, aviation, and communications sectors. Reviews fabrication, performance, and applications of this technology that encompass the state-of-the-art material and device development, and practical nitride-based LED design considerations Covers the performance of nitride LEDs, including photonic crystal LEDs, surface plasmon enhanced LEDs, color tuneable LEDs, and LEDs based on quantum wells and quantum dots Highlights applications of nitride LEDs, including liquid crystal display (LCD) backlighting, infra-red emitters, and automotive lighting
Author: Michael J. Flannagan, Michael Sivak, Eric C. Traube
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: Jon Roeckelein
Publisher: Greenwood
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
The methodologies used to study psychological time, especially the experimental and empirical approaches, are critically important in the scientific analysis of the concept of time. This resource and annotated bibliography provides a current and comprehensive review of the literature on psychological time, and traces the evolution of the concept of time in psychology from ancient to modern periods. A resource and annotated bibliography which traces the lineage and evolution of the concept of time in psychology from ancient to pre—modern and modern periods with an emphasis on a traditionalist and experimental/empirical approach to the understanding of psychological time. The book describes various physical, philosophical, and psychological theories and definitions of time, and focuses on the methodological concerns of psychologists regarding the scientific investigation of time. In addition to over 1,000 citations and references, this resource contains over 900 current annotated entries. It contains both name and subject indexes and will be of interest to students and faculty in psychology, related fields of study, and academic and selected public libraries.
Author: Valerie J. Gawron
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420064509
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
Human performance measurement is the cornerstone of human factors and experimental psychology and the Human Performance Measures Handbook has long been its foundational reference. Reflecting a wider range and scope, the second edition, newly named Human Performance, Workload, and Situational Awareness Measures Handbook, presents changes in th
Author: John D. Bullough
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309223695
Category : Airports
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
"TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 35: Issues With Use of Airfield LED Light Fixtures documents the performance of light-emitting diode (LED) airfield lighting systems."--publisher's description.
Author: Hans-Joachim Schmidt-Clausen
Publisher: Herbert Utz Verlag
ISBN: 9783896759719
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 612
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Book Description
