Author: Orvel E. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
A re-entry space vehicle development program, such as Project Apollo, requires a knowledge of the variability of atmospheric density from the surface of the earth to re-entry altitude (120 km). This report summarizes the data on density given in the most recent literature on the subject. The range of atmospheric density with respect to the ARDC 1959 Model Atmosphere is determined and shown graphically. From the surface to 30 km altitude abundant information on density is available. From 30 to 90 km altitude the summarized reports of observations made at a limited number of stations have been used. Between 90 and 120 km altitude the density is somewhat speculative, there being but few measurements available. Therefore, the qualitative values for the variability of density above 30 km must be considered tentative. Variations of atmospheric density by latitude and seasons made it necessary to develop a family of curves rather than a single profile. Three curves are presented to show the range of density deviation versus altitudes with respect to the ARDC 1959 Model Atmosphere. Each curve is used for a specific latitude range and season.
Range of Density Variability from Surface to 120 Km Altitude
Author: Orvel E. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
A re-entry space vehicle development program, such as Project Apollo, requires a knowledge of the variability of atmospheric density from the surface of the earth to re-entry altitude (120 km). This report summarizes the data on density given in the most recent literature on the subject. The range of atmospheric density with respect to the ARDC 1959 Model Atmosphere is determined and shown graphically. From the surface to 30 km altitude abundant information on density is available. From 30 to 90 km altitude the summarized reports of observations made at a limited number of stations have been used. Between 90 and 120 km altitude the density is somewhat speculative, there being but few measurements available. Therefore, the qualitative values for the variability of density above 30 km must be considered tentative. Variations of atmospheric density by latitude and seasons made it necessary to develop a family of curves rather than a single profile. Three curves are presented to show the range of density deviation versus altitudes with respect to the ARDC 1959 Model Atmosphere. Each curve is used for a specific latitude range and season.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
A re-entry space vehicle development program, such as Project Apollo, requires a knowledge of the variability of atmospheric density from the surface of the earth to re-entry altitude (120 km). This report summarizes the data on density given in the most recent literature on the subject. The range of atmospheric density with respect to the ARDC 1959 Model Atmosphere is determined and shown graphically. From the surface to 30 km altitude abundant information on density is available. From 30 to 90 km altitude the summarized reports of observations made at a limited number of stations have been used. Between 90 and 120 km altitude the density is somewhat speculative, there being but few measurements available. Therefore, the qualitative values for the variability of density above 30 km must be considered tentative. Variations of atmospheric density by latitude and seasons made it necessary to develop a family of curves rather than a single profile. Three curves are presented to show the range of density deviation versus altitudes with respect to the ARDC 1959 Model Atmosphere. Each curve is used for a specific latitude range and season.
NASA Technical Note
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
A Note on Density Variability at Constant Altitude Vs. Constant Pressure
Author: P. Nee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric density
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric density
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Book Description
Applied Mechanics Reviews
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mechanics, Applied
Languages : en
Pages : 1096
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mechanics, Applied
Languages : en
Pages : 1096
Book Description
Index of NASA Technical Publications
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 448
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 448
Book Description
A Selected Listing of NASA Scientific and Technical Reports for ...
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 450
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 450
Book Description
LIST OF SELECTED REFERENCES ON NASA PROGRAMS. PREPARED ...BY THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIV. OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (GRAM-99)
Author: Carl Gerald Justus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
The latest version of Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM-99) is presented and discussed. GRAM-99 uses either (binary) Global Upper Air Climatic Atlas (GUACA) or (ASCII) Global Gridded Upper Air Statistics (GGUAS) CD-ROM data sets, for 0-27 km altitudes. As with earlier versions, GRAM-99 provides complete geographical and altitude coverage for each month of the year. GRAM-99 uses a specially-developed data set, based on Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) data, for 20-120 km altitudes, and NASA's 1999 version Marshall Engineering Thermosphere (MET-99) model for heights above 90 km. Fairing techniques assure smooth transition in overlap height ranges (2()%27 km and 9% 120km). GRAM-99 includes water vapor and 11 other atmospheric constituents (03, N20 CO, CH4, CO2, N2, 02, 0, A, He and H). A variable-scale perturbation model provides both large-scale (wave) and small-scale (stochastic) deviations from mean values for thermodynamic variables and horizontal and vertical wind components. The small-scale perturbation model includes improvements in representing intermittency ("patchiness"). A major new feature is an option to substitute Range Reference Atmosphere (RRA) data for conventional GRAM climatology when a trajectory passes sufficiently near any RRA site. A complete user's guide for running the program, plus sample input and output, is provided. An example is provided for how to incorporate GRAM-99 as subroutines in other programs (e.g., trajectory codes).
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
The latest version of Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM-99) is presented and discussed. GRAM-99 uses either (binary) Global Upper Air Climatic Atlas (GUACA) or (ASCII) Global Gridded Upper Air Statistics (GGUAS) CD-ROM data sets, for 0-27 km altitudes. As with earlier versions, GRAM-99 provides complete geographical and altitude coverage for each month of the year. GRAM-99 uses a specially-developed data set, based on Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) data, for 20-120 km altitudes, and NASA's 1999 version Marshall Engineering Thermosphere (MET-99) model for heights above 90 km. Fairing techniques assure smooth transition in overlap height ranges (2()%27 km and 9% 120km). GRAM-99 includes water vapor and 11 other atmospheric constituents (03, N20 CO, CH4, CO2, N2, 02, 0, A, He and H). A variable-scale perturbation model provides both large-scale (wave) and small-scale (stochastic) deviations from mean values for thermodynamic variables and horizontal and vertical wind components. The small-scale perturbation model includes improvements in representing intermittency ("patchiness"). A major new feature is an option to substitute Range Reference Atmosphere (RRA) data for conventional GRAM climatology when a trajectory passes sufficiently near any RRA site. A complete user's guide for running the program, plus sample input and output, is provided. An example is provided for how to incorporate GRAM-99 as subroutines in other programs (e.g., trajectory codes).
Index to NASA Technical Publications
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, 1966
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description