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Author: Leilei Shen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
This paper estimates a dynamic general equilibrium model of entry, exit, and endogenous productivity growth. Productivity is endogenous both at the industry level (firms enter and exit) and at the firm level (firms invest in productivity-enhancing activities). The focus of the paper is on two activities that make productivity-enhancing investments more attractive, namely, exporting and product-mix choices. A firm that increases its exports and/or its number of products will have higher sales - and this makes investing in productivity more attractive because there are more units (sales) across which the productivity gains can be applied. These insights are taken to firm-level Spanish data. We compute the Markov Perfect Equilibrium using dynamic programming algorithms and estimate the dynamic parameters using Bayesian MCMC. Three key findings emerge. First, there is no evidence of learning by exporting: the observed positive correlation between exporting and productivity operates entirely via the impact of exporting on productivity-enhancing investments. Restated, exporting decision raises productivity, but only indirectly by making investing in productivity more attractive. Second, there is evidence of learning by producing multiple products: product-mix raises productivity directly in addition to the investment channel. Third, there are strong complementarities among the product-mix, exporting and investment decisions. Finally, I simulate the effects of a 5% reduction in the iceberg transportation costs. Productivity rises at the economy-wide level both because of the between firm reallocation effect and because of within firm increases in productivity.
Author: Leilei Shen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
Get Book Here
Book Description
This paper estimates a dynamic general equilibrium model of entry, exit, and endogenous productivity growth. Productivity is endogenous both at the industry level (firms enter and exit) and at the firm level (firms invest in productivity-enhancing activities). The focus of the paper is on two activities that make productivity-enhancing investments more attractive, namely, exporting and product-mix choices. A firm that increases its exports and/or its number of products will have higher sales - and this makes investing in productivity more attractive because there are more units (sales) across which the productivity gains can be applied. These insights are taken to firm-level Spanish data. We compute the Markov Perfect Equilibrium using dynamic programming algorithms and estimate the dynamic parameters using Bayesian MCMC. Three key findings emerge. First, there is no evidence of learning by exporting: the observed positive correlation between exporting and productivity operates entirely via the impact of exporting on productivity-enhancing investments. Restated, exporting decision raises productivity, but only indirectly by making investing in productivity more attractive. Second, there is evidence of learning by producing multiple products: product-mix raises productivity directly in addition to the investment channel. Third, there are strong complementarities among the product-mix, exporting and investment decisions. Finally, I simulate the effects of a 5% reduction in the iceberg transportation costs. Productivity rises at the economy-wide level both because of the between firm reallocation effect and because of within firm increases in productivity.
Author: Mr. Murtaza H. Syed
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1455214965
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
As labor input in Japan shrinks with population aging, capital accumulation and productivity gains will drive growth over the medium-term. At the same time, a changing global landscape calls for a shift in export-oriented investment toward new markets and a new generation of products, as well as increased investment by domestically-oriented firms. What policies could be adopted to help firms adjust to the imperatives of the post-crisis global economy and boost medium-term growth? Using disaggregated data, this paper investigates the determinants of investment and R&D spending by Japanese firms. The results suggest that policies could usefully focus on four areas. First, raising the return on investment, including through reforms to the tax code. Second, decreasing uncertainty through improved risk management by firms and by bolstering the business climate. Third, improving SME access to finance, notably by encouraging venture capital investment in innovative areas and more risk-based lending. And fourth, reducing excess leverage and supporting corporate restructuring to enable new investments to flourish.
Author: Commission on Growth and Development
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821374923
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
The result of two years work by 19 experienced policymakers and two Nobel prize-winning economists, 'The Growth Report' is the most complete analysis to date of the ingredients which, if used in the right country-specific recipe, can deliver growth and help lift populations out of poverty.
Author: Daniel Lederman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821384910
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.
Author: Takatoshi Ito
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226387046
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
The international flow of long-term private capital has increased dramatically in the 1990s. In fact, many policymakers now consider private foreign capital to be an essential resource for the acceleration of economic growth. This volume focuses attention on the microeconomic determinants and effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the East Asian region, allowing researchers to explore the overall structure of FDI, to offer case studies of individual countries, and to consider their insights, both general and particular, within the context of current economic theory.
Author: Seiichi Masuyama
Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
ISBN: 9812301364
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
This book is about the restructuring of industry in ten East Asian economies at the start of the twenty-first century. It examines the dynamic aspects of the region's industrial structures -- the changes occurring with globalisation fuelled by liberalisation and by a paradigm shift from industrial technology to information technology. The traditional "flying geese" concept is less relevant to explaining the economic and industrial development in the region as the pattern has become less predictable.
Author: Kenneth Chilton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461313139
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Business is becoming more global, more competitive, and more knowledge-intensive. Consequently, business executives are being required to reexamine and redefine fundamental relationships - both intra- and inter-company. The Dynamic American Firm explores the pivotal factors motivating the organizational changes that are sweeping American business, with a particular emphasis on the global marketplace. It provides a critical analysis of the forces that are shaping strategies and structures of American business, emphasizing that the process of adaption is more important than particular strategies and structures that develop along the way. The authors begin by illustrating the external factors that shape the development of the firm, including a combination of technological advances and increasingly global markets, and proceed to discuss corporate efforts to adapt to this external environment by means of changing relationships with other firms. They pay particular attention to the alliances that help American firms establish a presence in overseas markets, including the roles of mergers, acquisitions, strategic alliances, and joint ventures. The book concludes with a discussion of the internal changes taking place in American firms, including shifts in organizational strategy and structure, the elimination of middle management, and the development of work teams.
Author: Mr.Alexander Repkine
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451923279
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
We examine industrial output in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania during 1989–95 in terms of pretransitional product trade orientation. The growth of EU-oriented output within sectors of industry, ex-post trade, and market liberalization, is modeled as foreign direct investment induced Schumpeterian (vertical) waves of product innovation. The growth of non-EU-oriented output within sectors is modeled as unobservable deterministic heterogeneity. The results indicate that the gap observed in industrial output performance when comparing Eastern European to former Soviet countries is mainly explained by the inherited presence of EU-oriented production and its unconstrained growth over the transition period.
Author: Zhiming Long
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004528474
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
This book offers an analysis of China's growth from 1949 to the present day. The authors rebuild time-series databases (capital, education, R&D...), mobilize modern tools of statistics and econometrics, and use various methodologies (mainly Marxist) to carry out this research.
Author: Paul Hare
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135080860
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 683
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Book Description
Transition from central planning to a market economy, involving large-scale institutional change and reforms at all levels, is often described as the greatest social science experiment in modern times. As more than two decades have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is now an excellent time to take stock of how the transition process has turned out for the economies that have moved on from socialism and the command economy. This new handbook assembles a team of leading experts, many of whom were closely involved in the transition process as policymakers and policy advisors, to explore the major themes that have characterized the transition process. After identifying the nature of initial conditions and the strengths and weaknesses of institutions, the varying paths and reforms countries have taken are fully analyzed – from the shock therapy, privatization or gradualism of the early years to the burning issues of the present including global integration and sustainable growth. Topics covered include the socialist system pre-transition, economic reforms, institutions, the political economy of transition, performance and growth, enterprise restructuring, and people and transition. The country coverage is also extensive, from the former socialist countries of the USSR and the satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe to the Asian countries of China, Vietnam and others. The rise of China as a key actor in the drama is chronicled, along with the emergence of a new, more confident, oil-rich Russia. The comparative prosperity of the Central European countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic is contrasted with the mixed fortunes of the former USSR, where some countries are stagnating while others boom. This Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition is the definitive guide to this new order of things in the former Communist world.
