Process for the Preparation of an Energetic Nitrate Ester PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Book Description
A process for the preparation of an energetic nitrate ester compound and related intermediates is provided.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A process for the preparation of an energetic nitrate ester compound and related intermediates is provided.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Nitrate esters have been known as useful energetic materials since the discovery of nitroglycerin by Ascanio Sobrero in 1846. The development of methods to increase the safety and utility of nitroglycerin by Alfred Nobel led to the revolutionary improvement in the utility of nitroglycerin in explosive applications in the form of dynamite. Since then, many nitrate esters have been prepared and incorporated into military applications such as double-based propellants, detonators and as energetic plasticizers. Nitrate esters have also been shown to have vasodilatory effects in humans and thus have been studied and used for treatments of ailments such as angina. The mechanism of the biological response towards nitrate esters has been elucidated recently. Interestingly, many of the nitrate esters used for military purposes are liquids (ethylene glycol dinitrate, propylene glycol dinitrate, etc). Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is one of the only solid nitrate esters, besides nitrocellulose, that is used in any application. Unfortunately, PETN melting point is above 100 {sup o}C, and thus must be pressed as a solid for detonator applications. A more practical material would be a melt-castable explosive, for potential simplification of manufacturing processes. Herein we describe the synthesis of a new energetic nitrate ester (1) that is a solid at ambient temperatures, has a melting point of 85-86 {sup o}C and has the highest density of any known nitrate ester composed only of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. We also describe the chemical, thermal and sensitivity properties of 1 as well as some preliminary explosive performance data.
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Category :
Languages : en
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Book Description
Preparation of an energetic nitrate ester compound and related intermediates is provided.
Author: Jiping Liu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811366470
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 684
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Book Description
The idea of this book is to present the up-to-date research results on Nitrate Esters as explosive materials. It covers many aspects including the material structures, nitrating agent, chemical synthesis devices, preparation technology, and applications etc. In particular, this work sheds light on the comprehensive utilization and thorough destruction of the used Nitrate Easters which is crucial for preventing repeated pollution. This is a highly informative and instructive book providing insight for the researchers working on nitrating theory, energetic materials and chemical equipments.
Author: Jared Ledgard
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781521727423
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
The Preparatory Manual of Explosives Fourth Edition is a massive upgrade from the third edition, and has been completely re-written. The material has been completely re-done, with more emphases on detailed preparatory methods, safety and hazard info, molecular information and data, structures and equations, and new chapters. The fourth edition includes numerous illustrations and data charts and tables, and includes improved procedures, processes, and information written with professional standards, but given a new improved bases so that the general student can read and understand the context far better then seen in the third edition. As well, the fourth edition includes valuable toxicity and physical properties data, and exhaustively describes each process in a new format and style. Chapters in Volume 2 include: 1) Chapter 14: Explosives Preparation 6, The Preparation of Nitramine Salts; 2) Chapter 15: Explosives Preparation 7, The Preparation of Amino Nitro Benzenes; 3) Chapter 16: Explosives Preparation 8, The Preparation of Nitro Benzenes; 4) Chapter 17: Explosives Preparation 9, The Preparation of Poly Nitro Benzenes; 5) Chapter 18: Explosives Preparation 10, The Preparation of Nitrate Esters; 6) Chapter 19: Explosive Preparation 11, The Preparation of Polyhydric Nitrate Esters; 7) Chapter 20: Explosives Preparation 12, The Preparation of Nitrate Ester Nitramines; 8) Chapter 21: Explosives Preparation 13, The Preparation of Nitro Triazoles; 9) Chapter 22: Explosives Preparation 14, The Preparation of Nitro Tetrazoles; 10) Chapter 23: Explosives Preparations 15, The Preparation of Nitro Phenyls; 11) Chapter 24: Explosives Preparation 16, The Preparation of Nitro Phenyl Salts; 12) Chapter 25: Explosives Preparation 17, The Preparation of Nitrates, Chlorates, and Perchlorates; 13) Chapter 26: Explosives Preparation 18, The Preparation of Nitro Paraffin's and their Derivatives; 14) Chapter 27: Explosives Preparation 19, The Preparation of Miscellaneous Explosives. The fourth edition is the standard for explosives science and technology of the most used energetic compounds. The book is a perfect reference for students, government agencies, government contractors, and enthusiasts.
Author: Jiping Liu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662458470
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
The book drawing on the author’s nearly half a century of energetic materials research experience intends to systematically review the global researches on liquid explosives. The book focuses on the study of the conception, explosion mechanism, properties and preparation of liquid explosives. It provides a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical examples in a reader-friendly style. The book is likely to be interest of university researchers and graduate students in the fields of energetic materials, blasting engineering and mining.
Author: How Ghee Ang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527331557
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
This up-to-date overview provides the latest information on the performance, sensitivity, strength and processability aspects of propellants and explosive formulations, with the nature of polymer binder/plasticizer as the variable factor. Apart from applications, this monograph explores the principles behind energetic polymers, while discussing the synthetic routes and energetic characteristics of individual family of energetic polymers. Furthermore, a number of case studies illustrate the role of energetic polyerms on enhancing the performance of formulations as compared to their inert counterparts. The emphasis is on safety throughout, with practical guidance on how to safely handle and formulate energetic polymer based formulations. With the advent of a new generation of energetic polymers, this book is relevant to industry and defense organizations as well as for academic research.
Author: Tore Brinck
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118676467
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
This comprehensive book presents a detailed account of research and recent developments in the field of green energetic materials, including pyrotechnics, explosives and propellants. This area is attracting increasing interest in the community as it undergoes a transition from using traditional processes, to more environmentally-friendly procedures. The book covers the entire line of research from the initial theoretical modelling and design of new materials, to the development of sustainable manufacturing processes. It also addresses materials that have already reached the production line, as well as considering future developments in this evolving field.
Author: Manoj K. Shukla
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319592084
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
This book offers a comprehensive account of energetic materials, including their synthesis, computational modeling, applications, associated degradation mechanisms, environmental consequences and fate and transport. This multi-author contributed volume describes how armed forces around the world are moving their attention from legacy explosive compounds, which are heat and shock sensitive (thus posing greater challenges in terms of handling and storage), to the insensitive munitions compounds/formulations such as insensitive munitions explosive (IMX) and the Picatinny Arsenal Explosive (PAX) series of compounds. The description of energetic materials focuses on explosives, pyrotechnic compositions, and propellants. The contributors go on to explain how modern generation energetic compounds must be insensitive to shock and heat but at the same time yield more energy upon explosion. Nanoinspired and/or co-crystallized energetic materials offer another route to generate next-generation energetic materials, and this authoritative book bridges a large gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of these compounds. Additionally, it includes a valuable overview of energetic materials, a detailed discussion of recent advances on future energetic compounds, nanotechnology in energetic materials, environmental contamination and toxicity, assessment of munitions lethality, the application quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) in design of energetics and the fate and transport of munition compounds in the environment.
Author: Charles M. Selwitz
Publisher: Getty Publications
ISBN: 0892360984
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 75
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Book Description
This report attempts to isolate and separately examine each of the factors known to lead to cellulose nitrate decomposition, and then relate their contribution to the instability of the polymer when it is used as a bonding agent for ceramics and as a lacquer for metal objects. These factors include deterioration caused by heat, radiation, or acid impurities, or through the loss of plasticizer. There is, moreover, decomposition caused autocatalytically by the initial breakdown products. In particular, the publication examines new information on chemical changes under ambient conditions that has been developed recently through advances in analytical procedures such as chemiluminescence, X-ray scanning spectroscopy (ESCA), and more sophisticated viscometry. This new information will be added to the large body of data, collected over the past 150 years, on the instability of cellulose nitrate under more severe conditions.
