Price and Non-price Influence in Urban Water Conservation PDF Download
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Author: Leonardo Rafael Corral
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Leonardo Rafael Corral
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Ari Montgomery Michelsen
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 0898679540
Category : Water conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
The purpose of this study is to build upon and extend previous water conservation research efforts of price and nonprice conservation programs on residential water demand in different urban areas of the southwestern United States. The primary research objectives are to: (1) develop residential water demand models to examine the effectiveness of price and nonprice programs; (2) develop and document a database of residential water demand in selected study ares; (3) evaluate the effectiveness of price and nonprice conservation programs using the water demand models and database developed for this study; and (4) examine the applicability of extending regional water demand relationships and results of conservation program effectiveness to other cities in the region. Specific issues examines on regional, seasonal and individual city basis include: How responsive are consumers to changes in the price of water?; are consumers responding to the average price, marginal price, or some combination of the two?; How does demand change or respond to implementation of nonprice conservation program? Is it appropriate to model and apply results on effectiveness to other cities in the region? The scope in terms of number and cross section of cities, detail of observations (monthly time periods), length of time covered and inclusion of price and nonprice programs combined with the analytical techniques used, contribute to making his one of the most comprehensive studies conducted on residential water use and the effectiveness of conservation programs. The research techniques and results of this evaluation will benefit water utilities and consumers through lower costs and more secure water supplies because of improved understanding and better planning and implementation of residential price, rate structure and nonprice conservation programs.
Author: Sheila M. Olmstead
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Municipal water supply
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
"Urban water conservation is typically achieved through prescriptive regulations, including the rationing of water for particular uses and requirements for the installation of particular technologies. A significant shift has occurred in pollution control regulations toward market-based policies in recent decades. We offer an analysis of the relative merits of market-based and prescriptive approaches to water conservation, where prices have rarely been used to allocate scarce supplies. The analysis emphasizes the emerging theoretical and empirical evidence that using prices to manage water demand is more cost-effective than implementing non-price conservation programs, similar to results for pollution control in earlier decades. Price-based approaches also have advantages in terms of monitoring and enforcement. In terms of predictability and equity, neither policy instrument has an inherent advantage over the other. As in any policy context, political considerations are important"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site
Author: Sheila M. Olmstead
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
Urban water conservation is typically achieved through prescriptive regulations, including the rationing of water for particular uses and requirements for the installation of particular technologies. A significant shift has occurred in pollution control regulations toward market-based policies in recent decades. We offer an analysis of the relative merits of market-based and prescriptive approaches to water conservation, where prices have rarely been used to allocate scarce supplies. The analysis emphasizes the emerging theoretical and empirical evidence that using prices to manage water demand is more cost-effective than implementing non-price conservation programs, similar to results for pollution control in earlier decades. Price-based approaches also have advantages in terms of monitoring and enforcement. In terms of predictability and equity, neither policy instrument has an inherent advantage over the other. As in any policy context, political considerations are important.
Author: Leonardo Corral
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
Author: Leonardo Corral
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : East Bay Municipal Utility District (Calif.)
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Author: Sonia Ferdous Hoque
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780405472
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
On the one hand, population and economic growth are increasing the demand for water but on the other, environmental consequences of climate change, pollution and over extraction of groundwater are decreasing the worlds supply of fresh water. This makes the availability of water for human use one of the greatest global concerns of this century. Neither levelling growth nor technological innovation can stretch the existing supplies significantly; hence, it is imperative that demand side management techniques such as the use of water efficient fixtures in urban households, appropriate water tariff structure and regulatory policies are used as tools for water conservation. Conservation of water resources is one of the important aspects of ensuring sustainable development of cities and should incorporate environmental, social and economic dimensions. This book highlights the importance of using water efficiently in urban households, in both developed and developing cities. Specifically, the book focuses on: the determinants of water conservation behaviour, including psychological factors such as values, beliefs and attitudes, socio-economic factors such as income, water pricing and policies, environmental factors such as seasonal variations and demographic factors such as household size and age; the role of policies such as mandatory water restrictions, labelling of water saving devices and promotion of public awareness; the role of water and wastewater tariff structures in achieving the goals of revenue generation, affordability, demand management and equity and the design of conservation oriented rate structures; and the role of water saving devices in providing technological solutions to household water conservation. In relation to the above issues, the book provides several detailed case studies of cities to understand the effectiveness of such demand management tools and the lessons learnt. Overall, the book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various price and non-price tools that can be used to manage domestic water consumption. Water Conservation in Urban Households is a one-stop repository of information on water conservation for academics, practitioners and policy makers. The text can be used for teaching and research on water demand management as well as for professional reference by water utility officials. In addition, the appendix of the book contains a database of the current domestic water and wastewater tariffs and monthly bills of selected cities, which will be helpful for those willing to conduct research in this field. Author: Sonia Ferdous Hoque, University of Leeds, UK.
Author: Sheila M. Olmstead
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Natalie Danielle Popovich
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781658412643
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Chapter 1 examines the response to WaterSmart, a program intended to reduce residential water use through the use of social comparisons. In contrast to previous findings on social comparison programs meant to reduce water use, I find that average reductions in the year following treatment are larger than those during the treatment period, although smaller in general. I do not find that this persistent reduction can be explained by an increase in investment in physical capital, via rebates. While home water reports delivered by mail reduce water use by 3.4 times more than those delivered by email, the low marginal cost of email reports make them about three times more cost effective. Targeting high-users with print reports and moderate users with email reports could potentially improve the cost-effectiveness of social comparisons programs for utilities. Chapter 2 evaluates how to introduce non-linear pricing of a natural monopoly in practice. We deploy an event study framework that exploits the transition from flat rate to volumetric pricing in the residential water setting. Using household level panel data on water use, estimate the short-run price elasticity of demand for water in each of the 24 months following the price change. I find that volumetric pricing led to a large and permanent reduction in water use. This reduction also occurred in the two months preceding the price change, in response to personalized information on expected expenditure under the new tariff. These findings suggest that prices coupled with information may be more effective than either price or non-price mechanisms at managing water demand. Chapter 3 introduces a preliminary conceptual framework to incorporate information feedback loops into the water management structure. Drawing on principles of systems thinking and the circular economy, this chapter aims to explain how modeling information stocks explicitly can provide more useful explanations for how and why water users may respond to specific policy mechanisms.
Author: U.S. National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030906421X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Book Description
This book is the result of a joint research effort led by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and involving the Royal Scientific Society of Jordan, the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the Palestine Health Council. It discusses opportunities for enhancement of water supplies and avoidance of overexploitation of water resources in the Middle East. Based on the concept that ecosystem goods and services are essential to maintaining water quality and quantity, the book emphasizes conservation, improved use of current technologies, and water management approaches that are compatible with environmental quality.
