Prevalence, Incidence and Risk Factors for Dental Caries in Preschool and School-aged African American Children PDF Download
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Author: Tariq Ghazal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American children
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The third project dealt with the MS variable as a "time-dependent variable", using a statistical analysis called "Extended Cox hazards modeling". To the knowledge of the author, this is the first published study which has used this relatively new analytic approach to assess the complex relationship between MS detection and dental caries experience. In addition, in the third project, the behavioral risk factors for having a positive salivary MS test were assessed. This study found that median MS acquisition survival (when 50% of the children had positive salivary MS test) was 2 years and mean survival time was 2.09±0.09 among African-American children who had valid MS acquisition tests (n=99). Approximately 23% of the children did not have any positive salivary MS test by age 4 years. Multivariable analysis showed that not having a positive salivary MS test at any of the study exams was associated with having acute illness in the previous 6 months and being recruited into the study before 10 months of age. Results of extended Cox proportional hazards modeling showed a significant relationship between having a caries experience event at any given time during the follow-up period and having a positive salivary MS test at any point in time (HR=2.25, 95% CI 1.06-4.75).
Author: Tariq Ghazal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American children
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The third project dealt with the MS variable as a "time-dependent variable", using a statistical analysis called "Extended Cox hazards modeling". To the knowledge of the author, this is the first published study which has used this relatively new analytic approach to assess the complex relationship between MS detection and dental caries experience. In addition, in the third project, the behavioral risk factors for having a positive salivary MS test were assessed. This study found that median MS acquisition survival (when 50% of the children had positive salivary MS test) was 2 years and mean survival time was 2.09±0.09 among African-American children who had valid MS acquisition tests (n=99). Approximately 23% of the children did not have any positive salivary MS test by age 4 years. Multivariable analysis showed that not having a positive salivary MS test at any of the study exams was associated with having acute illness in the previous 6 months and being recruited into the study before 10 months of age. Results of extended Cox proportional hazards modeling showed a significant relationship between having a caries experience event at any given time during the follow-up period and having a positive salivary MS test at any point in time (HR=2.25, 95% CI 1.06-4.75).
Author: Tariq Sabah AbdulGhany Ghazal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dental caries in children
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Author: Joel H. Berg
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118925181
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Dental caries has been called a “silent epidemic” and is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting children. Though much has been written on the science and practice of managing this disease, publications are diverse in their loci, preventing easy access to the reader. Early Childhood Oral Health coalesces all the important information related to this topic in a comprehensive reference for students, academics, and practitioners. This second edition expands the scope of the first and puts an additional focus on interprofessional and global efforts that are necessary to manage the growing disease crisis and screening and risk assessment efforts that have expanded with the boom of new technologies. With updated references and incorporating the latest research, chapters address the biology and epidemiology of caries, the clinical management of early childhood caries, risk assessment, and early diagnosis. Other topics include public health approaches to managing caries worldwide, implementation of new caries prevention programs, fluoride regimens, and community programs, and family oral health education. Brand new are four chapters on the medical management of early childhood caries, considerations for children with special needs, interprofessional education and practice, and how the newest policy issues and the Affordable Care Act affect dental care. A must-read for pediatric dentists, cariologists, public health dentists, and students in these fields, Early Childhood Oral Health is also relevant for pediatricians and pediatric nursing specialists worldwide.
Author: Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889638081
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Author: Kristin F. Nalls
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Background: Poor oral health is linked to poor quality of life, chronic disease, infant mortality, poor school and work performance, low self-esteem, risky social behaviors, and increased national health expenditures. Most oral diseases are preventable, but still common. Early Childhood Caries (ECC), the most common childhood disease, is linked to periodontal disease, poor academic performance, and increased likelihood of chronic disease in adulthood and poor quality of life for the children who are affected and their families. ECC disproportionately affects low-income and minority children. Head Start is a federal preschool program aimed to identify and provide support for low-income children and their families. Due to the federal mandates for Head Start grantees, children participating in these programs are in a position to receive increased access to dental care through oral screenings and referrals to dentists for oral health treatment. Studies have shown that Head Start enrollees are almost three times more likely to obtain a dental screening than those enrolled in other preschool centers. Even with these parameters in place, a great amount of tooth decay is still present in Head Start children. In a brief issued by the Children's Dental Health Project, "Keeping Health in Head Start: Lessons Learned from Dental Care", one of the key lessons was Medicaid dental benefits are important in granting access to dental care for Head Start children, however it is not enough. In order for Medicaid benefits have a major impact, dental professionals must accept the coverage, and the Head Start community must have knowledge of those that can and will provide services to their children. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to 1) examine the oral health status of low-income children in MS Head Start Programs and 2) evaluate linkage to care between the HSFs and the referral dentists, and 3) identify opportunities for Head Start children to find a dental home. This study uses descriptive and inferential statistical methods to test the objectives, hypothesis and specific aims outlined below: Methods: The study used the oral screening data and parental survey data from the Mississippi State Department of Health's Make a Child's Smile Program for the time period 2009-2014, Medicaid reimbursement data for children's dental claims, and licensure data from the Mississippi Board of Dental Examiners. Spatial attributes such as the location of the Head Start Facilities, service locations of referral dentists named in the MACS dataset, other non-referred dental service locations that have filed children's dental Medicaid claims, and calculated distances from Head Start facilities to the aforementioned dental service locations were compiled and analyzed. This information was used to examine the dental workforce available to the Head Start Facilities in the study sample. Both traditional statistical tests and spatial analysis were used to analyze data and create a visualization of the oral health landscape for low-income children in MS. Results: The sample was majority African American, between the ages of 3 and 5 years of age, displaying a burden of caries experience and untreated diseases significantly higher than the reported national percentages, (p
Author: Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832527604
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Author: Salam Rajih
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is one of the most common chronic illnesses among young children, affecting around 23% of children 2-5 years old, leading to pain, discomfort, and poor quality of life. It is a multi-factorial disease that develops through the combined effects of bacteria, tooth morphology, fermentable carbohydrates, time, and various social factors. Several studies have investigated the associations between dental caries and non-traditional factors acquired during the first years of life including; mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). However, the literature on these associations has been inconsistent. Objective: To investigate the unadjusted and adjusted associations between the presence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Severe-ECC (S-ECC), and three non-traditional factors: breastfeeding, mode of delivery, and ETS, among children 1-5 years old. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, and a sample of 112 caregiver/ child dyads was recruited from the ongoing flow of patients at Temple University Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry (TUKSoD). After consent, subjects completed a questionnaire and received a standard intra-oral examination and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) Caries-risk Assessment Tool (CAT) by a student doctor. The study was approved by the Temple University Institutional Review Board (Protocol # 23885). Chi-square tests, two-sample t-tests and bivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the unadjusted associations. Two multivariable logistic models were developed for ECC and S-ECC and included demographics, overall CRA, and the three non-traditional risk factors. Results: The prevalence of ECC and S-ECC were 61% and 30%, respectively. The following variables were significant in the unadjusted analysis for both ECC and S-ECC: child's age, maternal educational attainment, overall AAPD CAT classification, sugary snacks per day, presence of plaque on child's teeth and ETS. Exposure to ETS was associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio for ECC (aOR=5.39 [95% CI: 1.14-25.33], P=0.033), but not for S-ECC. Furthermore, C-section birth was associated with a decreased adjusted odds ratio for both ECC and S-ECC, respectively (ECC: aOR=0.132 [95% CI: 0.02-0.72], P=0.02; S-ECC: aOR=0.141 [95% CI: 0.026-0.748], P=0.021). With inclusion of the AAPD CAT, demographics, and the three non-traditional factors, the overall model accuracy at predicting ECC was 82.2%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: In this study of urban, predominantly African American, and low income children, ECC was found associated with two non-traditional factors, ETS and mode of delivery, suggesting that including them in CRA may improve prediction of future dental caries, and aid in the prevention and treatment of disease. Results from this study support the notion that ECC is a multi-factorial disease, and highlights the importance of adopting oral health education among caregivers.
Author: Michelle Landrum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dental caries in children
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
The occurrence of both childhood obesity and dental caries - which are disproportionately high in low-income families and minority groups in the United States - can have life-long negative consequences for individuals and communities. Previous research aimed at investigating the relationship between obesity and dental caries has been inconclusive, and limited among at-risk pre-school age populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI)-for-age and dental caries within a purposive sample of predominately Hispanic, low-income children enrolled in a Head Start preschool program in South Texas. A purposive sample of 237 children was randomly selected for secondary data analysis. Frequencies, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe and analyze the data. The sample consisted of predominately Hispanic (88.2%) children with a mean age of 3.6 years. Prevalence of obesity was 23.2%, and 46.8% had dental caries. Comparison of prevalence of caries (P=0.62), untreated decay (P=0.07), ECC (P=0.38), and dmf (P=0.88) by BMI categories resulted in no significant differences. Pearson correlation analyses found no positive relationship between dmf score and BMI-for-age percentile (r = 0.017), and logistic regression analyses showed no relationship between dmf and obesity (OR=1.00, CI=.05). Increases in children's BMI category classification was associated with a slight decreased likelihood of caries (OR=0.96, CI=.05) and ECC (OR=0.98, CI=.05), but an increased likelihood of untreated decay (OR=1.42, CI=.05). Although childhood obesity and dental caries share some common etiological and facilitating risk factors, this study supports other research that suggests higher rates of both diseases among at-risk populations simply coexists. An interprofessional approach between primary healthcare professionals, dental professionals and health educators can offer a unique opportunity to prevent and treat both prevalent childhood diseases.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Author: U. S. Department Human Services
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781490565811
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Issues of oral health in children revolve almost exclusively around dental caries. In the U.S., dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, and its treatment is the most prevalent unmet health need in children. A substantial portion of caries lesions can be prevented; indeed, the incidence of this disease has declined among school-age children and adults in the past three decades. However, incidence among preschool children has not declined at a similar rate over this same time period. Dental caries is an infectious disease that can occur when cariogenic bacteria colonize a tooth surface in the presence of dietary carbohydrates, especially refined sugars. The bacteria metabolize the carbohydrates, producing lactic acid, which over time demineralizes the tooth structure. The earliest visible manifestation of dental caries is the appearance of a demineralized area on the tooth surface, which presents either as a small white spot on a smooth surface or a pit or fissure. At this stage, a caries lesion is usually reversible. If oral conditions do not change, demineralization will continue with the eventual result that the tooth surface loses its natural contour and a "cavity" develops. At this stage, restorative treatment is necessary to prevent the continuation of the caries process, which if left untreated will eventually result in pulpitis and ultimately tooth loss. Progression of individual caries lesions is typically slow, but it can be extremely rapid in a small proportion of individuals and especially in primary teeth, which have thinner enamel. Because dental caries is a chronic disease of microbial origin, modified by diet, the elimination of active caries lesions through treatment does not necessarily mean that the disease has been eradicated. An individual's risk for dental caries can change with time as etiologic factors change, leading to new caries events around already treated lesions or on previously unaffected tooth surfaces. Dental caries in primary teeth can has both short- and longer-term negative consequences. Caries lesions often cause pain because they can progress rapidly in primary teeth and involve the pulp before they are either detected or treated. Regardless of their degree of progression, lesions cavitated into dentin require reparative treatment or tooth extraction; both are frequently traumatic experiences for young children. Young children with untreated, symptomatic carious teeth often present to emergency departments of hospitals for their first dental visit. Also, untreated caries lesions in young children may be associated with failure to thrive, although evidence is conflicting regarding this association Untreated caries typically is cited as leading to increased infections, dysfunction, poor appearance, and low self-esteem, but most of these associations stem from conventional wisdom rather than observational studies. Key Questions addressed include: 1. How accurate is PCC screening in identifying children ages 0 to 5 years who: (a) have dental caries requiring referral to a dentist? (b) are at elevated risk of future dental caries? 2. How effective is PCC referral of children ages 0 to 5 years to dentists in terms of the proportion of referred children making a dental visit? 3. How effective is PCC prescription of supplemental fluoride in terms of: (a) appropriateness of supplementation decision? (b) parental adherence to the dosage regimen? (c) prevention of dental caries? 4. How effective is PCC application of fluoride in terms of: (a) appropriateness of application decision? (b) achieving parental agreement for the application? (c) prevention of dental caries? 5. How effective is PCC counseling for caries-preventive behaviors as measured by: (a) adherence to the desired behavior? (b) prevention of dental caries?
