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Author: Jessica L. Hamm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physical fitness for people with disabilities
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion released the Healthy People 2020 plan in 2010 (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], 2010). The mission of Healthy People 2020 is focused on improving the health of all Americans. One common tool utilized to improve the health of Americans is physical activity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011b). However, many young adults, including individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), engage in low amounts of physical activity (Haskell et al., 2007) and often struggle to achieve an optimal health status (Park, Mulye, Adams, Brindis, & Irwin, 2006). Therefore, more successful health promotion efforts are needed. In order to achieve this goal two separate studies were conducted to help understand the mechanism of how to promote physical activity and the role of physical activity within health outcomes for young adults with and without ASD. The first study (Chapter 2) cross-validated the self-determination theory for physical activity among young adults with ASD. One-hundred and forty-three young adults with ASD completed a questionnaire pertaining to their basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), self-determined motivation, and physical activity level. Results from a path analysis revealed an overall adequate model fit (x2 (3, N = 143) = 11.99, p = .007, GFI = .97, NFI = .95, CFI =. 96, RMSEA = .15) concerning the self-determination theory for young adults with ASD. The second study (Chapter 3) reported the influence of physical activity and ASD on the multiple domains of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for young adults. Three-hundred and twenty participants, including young adults with ASD, completed a questionnaire regarding their physical activity level and HRQOL. Results from five separate multiple regressions, based on bias-corrected bootstrapping, suggested that physical activity levels significantly predicted overall HRQOL (b = .04; CI = .02, .06), and the four domains, including physical health (b = .007; CI= .002, .01), psychological (b = .01; CI= .01, .02), environment (b = .01; CI = .002, .02), and social relationships (b = .01; CI = .00, .02). Additionally, after controlling for physical activity and an individual’s sex, status of (having) ASD significantly influenced overall HRQOL (b = -7.28; CI = -9.82, -4.70), as well as the physical health domain (b = -2.68; CI = -3.39, -1.98), psychological domain (b = -2.04; CI = -2.81, -1.33, and the environment domain (b = -1.86; CI = -2.51, -1.21). This research supports the importance of physical activity to positively influence HRQOL. Also, results suggest that the self-determination theory is one appropriate conceptual model that practitioners could utilize to increase physical activity among young adults with ASD. Although this research helps to clarify the predictors and outcomes of physical activity for young adults, further research is needed. Future research should focus on examining specific strategies to improve the perceptions of the basic psychological needs for young adults with ASD. Additionally, researchers could investigate how the physical activity setting (e.g., team sports) influences an individual’s HRQOL.
Author: Jessica L. Hamm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physical fitness for people with disabilities
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion released the Healthy People 2020 plan in 2010 (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], 2010). The mission of Healthy People 2020 is focused on improving the health of all Americans. One common tool utilized to improve the health of Americans is physical activity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011b). However, many young adults, including individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), engage in low amounts of physical activity (Haskell et al., 2007) and often struggle to achieve an optimal health status (Park, Mulye, Adams, Brindis, & Irwin, 2006). Therefore, more successful health promotion efforts are needed. In order to achieve this goal two separate studies were conducted to help understand the mechanism of how to promote physical activity and the role of physical activity within health outcomes for young adults with and without ASD. The first study (Chapter 2) cross-validated the self-determination theory for physical activity among young adults with ASD. One-hundred and forty-three young adults with ASD completed a questionnaire pertaining to their basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), self-determined motivation, and physical activity level. Results from a path analysis revealed an overall adequate model fit (x2 (3, N = 143) = 11.99, p = .007, GFI = .97, NFI = .95, CFI =. 96, RMSEA = .15) concerning the self-determination theory for young adults with ASD. The second study (Chapter 3) reported the influence of physical activity and ASD on the multiple domains of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for young adults. Three-hundred and twenty participants, including young adults with ASD, completed a questionnaire regarding their physical activity level and HRQOL. Results from five separate multiple regressions, based on bias-corrected bootstrapping, suggested that physical activity levels significantly predicted overall HRQOL (b = .04; CI = .02, .06), and the four domains, including physical health (b = .007; CI= .002, .01), psychological (b = .01; CI= .01, .02), environment (b = .01; CI = .002, .02), and social relationships (b = .01; CI = .00, .02). Additionally, after controlling for physical activity and an individual’s sex, status of (having) ASD significantly influenced overall HRQOL (b = -7.28; CI = -9.82, -4.70), as well as the physical health domain (b = -2.68; CI = -3.39, -1.98), psychological domain (b = -2.04; CI = -2.81, -1.33, and the environment domain (b = -1.86; CI = -2.51, -1.21). This research supports the importance of physical activity to positively influence HRQOL. Also, results suggest that the self-determination theory is one appropriate conceptual model that practitioners could utilize to increase physical activity among young adults with ASD. Although this research helps to clarify the predictors and outcomes of physical activity for young adults, further research is needed. Future research should focus on examining specific strategies to improve the perceptions of the basic psychological needs for young adults with ASD. Additionally, researchers could investigate how the physical activity setting (e.g., team sports) influences an individual’s HRQOL.
Author: Michael Fitzgerald
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953513079X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
This book opens with a discussion of neurodiversity and an elaboration of the diagnosis of autism. It then examines factors correlating with autism, including sex bias, month of birth, migration and impact of infant feeding. The next section is on the impact of autism. The neurobiology and genetic section deals with epigenetics and intracellular pathways associated with etiology. The development and behaviour section deals with proprioceptive profiles and joint attention in autism. The final section focuses on interventions including mindfulness, animal assisted activity, social/cultural perspective on autism intervention and physical activity. The book is relevant to all professionals and researchers working with persons with autism, including psychiatrists/psychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, teachers, nurses and care workers.
Author: Katherine B. LaLonde
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Book Description
Experts recommend that individuals walk 10,000 steps or more per day and doing so has been shown to have several health benefits. Unfortunately, many people fall short of 10,000 steps per day. Exercise levels are characteristically lower in people with Autism Spectrum Disorders than in people without ASD. The present study comprised two experiments that used goal setting and reinforcement to increase physical activity in young adults with ASD. The first study employed a multiple baseline across participants design in combination with a reversal design to determine the effects of a treatment package on the number of daily steps taken by young adults with ASD while at school. Participants were given pedometers to wear. Once participant's number of steps stabilized in baseline, they set individual goals and received reinforcers for successfully meeting those goals. By the end of each treatment condition all participants were successfully meeting their goals and walking at least 10,000 steps per day. The classroom teacher reported the treatment package was easy to implement and effective. These findings suggest that goal setting and reinforcement can substantially increase the number of steps by people with ASD. Experiment 2 used a multiple baseline across participants design to determine the effects of goal setting and reinforcement on the number of daily steps taken by young adults with ASD at home and during the weekends over a six month period. The number of steps taken by each participant increased during the goal setting and reinforcement phase and participants consistently met their daily goal outside of school. Participants weight and body mass indices decreased during the study. A modified concurrent chains procedure was used to assess whether participants liked wearing the Fitbit. When participants were given a choice between immediate access to a preferred item and the opportunity to wear the pedometer, participants consistently chose to wear the pedometer. The finding of the two studies suggest that goal setting and reinforcement are useful in increasing exercise in people with ASD.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anthropometry
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Author: Kathleen Yaus Wolin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author: Laura C. Chezan
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538149273
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
This book provides resources for the identification, selection, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based practices to promote positive outcomes for learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across the lifespan and to enhance their quality of life. The decision-making process for identifying and selecting evidence-based practices to address the academic, behavioral, and social needs of this population of learners is discussed, followed by a systematic description of the implementation and evaluation of evidence-based practices within the context of ongoing assessment and data-based decision making. The authors present evidence-based training models for solving the common dilemmas of selecting, implementing, and evaluating evidence-based practices. Finally, the book underlines the importance of developing collaborative partnerships with families and other professionals to better address the needs of learners with autism spectrum disorder.
Author: Neal Halfon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319471430
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 667
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Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.
Author: Charlotte Leboeuf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cardiovascular system
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Author: Nicholas Leahy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
While physical activity is beneficial to adolescent health and development, only 25% of adolescents met the physical activity recommendations of 60 minutes of physical activity daily. Research has shown adolescents with developmental disabilities, particularly Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), are at a higher risk of being physically inactive. It has been reported that adolescents with ASD participated in 30% less physical activity weekly than typically developing (TD) adolescents. Further, this group may face more and/or different types of physical activity barriers than TD adolescents. Currently, there is limited research comparing the physical activity barriers and facilitators seen in adolescents with and without ASD. Therefore, this study aims at determine the physical activity levels, barriers, and facilitators of adolescents with and without ASD. Methods: Seven adolescents (15.4 ± 1.4 years of age) participated in the study; three were TD and four were diagnosed with ASD. Height and weight were measured and then the adolescents wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for one week to assess their physical activity levels. Time spent in moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was determined using established cut-points. The adolescents also completed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System physical activity questions. To measure physical activity barriers and facilitators the adolescents completed the PACE adolescent survey. The PACE survey divided questions into the following subscales: personal, social, environmental, beliefs, and self-efficacy factors. Results: Only one of the seven participants met the recommendations for MVPA according to the accelerometers. Both TD and ASD adolescents spent most of their time in sedentary and light physical activity and more time in moderate than vigorous physical activity. Both groups of adolescents reported minimum amounts of physical activity barriers and the main category of barriers reported was classified as personal. A medium effect size (.54) was observed when comparing sedentary activity counts between the two groups. Large effect sizes were observed when examining moderate and vigorous physical activity minutes (1.1 and .98, respectively), meaning there was a large difference in time spent in the different intensities between the two groups of adolescents. In terms of barriers, more personal barriers were observed in TD adolescents (1.1) according to effect size analysis. Large effects were also seen in the benefits subscale (1.76), where TD adolescent saw more benefits to physical activity than the ASD adolescents. Conclusion: Many adolescents in this study failed to meet physical activity guidelines. While the TD adolescents reported more personal barriers, they also had a better understanding of the benefits physical activity gives them compared to ASD adolescents. Both groups accumulated copious amounts of light physical activity; so, one approach should be to shift the physical activity levels from light to moderate intensity. Further, helping ASD adolescents have a better understanding of how being physically active might benefit them could be another strategy to increase time spent in MVPA.
Author: Robert Palisano
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323390781
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 889
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Book Description
NEW! Revised chapter on motor development and control now closely examines the when, how, why, and what of developing motor skill and how it contributes to effective physical therapy. NEW! Chapter on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) covers the characteristics of ASD, the diagnostic process, program planning, and evidence-based decision making for children with ASD. NEW! Chapter on pediatric oncology addresses the signs and symptoms of pediatric cancers, the most common medical interventions used to treat these diseases, the PT examination, and common therapeutic interventions. NEW! Chapter on tests and measures offers guidance on how to effectively use tests and measures in pediatric physical therapy practice. NEW! Extensively revised chapter asthma offers more detail on the pathology of asthma; the primary and secondary impairments of asthma; the impact on a child’s long term health and development; pharmacological management; and more. NEW! Revised chapter on the neonatal intensive care unite better addresses the role of the physical therapist in the neonatal intensive care unit. UPDATED! Full color photos and line drawings clearly demonstrate important concepts and clinical conditions that will be encountered in practice. NEW! Expert Consult platform provides a number of enhancements, including a fully searchable version of the book, case studies, videos, and more. NEW! Revised organization now includes background information — such as pathology, pathophysiology, etiology, prognosis and natural evolution, and medical and pharmacologic management — as well as foreground information — such as evidence-based recommendations on physical therapy examination strategies, optimal tests and measurement, interventions, patient/caregiver instruction, and more. NEW! Additional case studies and videos illustrate how concepts apply to practice.
