Predicting the Vulnerability of Typical Commercial and Single Family Residential Buildings to Hurricane Damage PDF Download
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Author: Johann Everton Weekes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Hurricane impacts have caused significant damage to residential and commercial structures, producing billions of dollars in insured losses. Numerical models are widely used by insurance companies in the prediction of loss cost. Several such loss projection models have been developed by private industry, and the State of Florida sponsored development of a non-proprietary hurricane loss model, known as the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model (FPHLM). This model resulted from a multi-university effort to quantify the damages and cost of repairs for structures that have been subjected to hurricane force winds. The original FPHLM focused on single-family residential housing. The model is now extended to cover commercial-residential buildings ranging from multi-story apartments to the high rise condominiums typically found lining the beaches of South Florida. This paper proposal focuses on the development of the exterior vulnerability component of the commercial-residential model, and provides a description of the strategies to probabilistically quantify physical exterior damage for two models: low-rise and mid/high rise commercial-residential structures.
Author: Johann Everton Weekes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Hurricane impacts have caused significant damage to residential and commercial structures, producing billions of dollars in insured losses. Numerical models are widely used by insurance companies in the prediction of loss cost. Several such loss projection models have been developed by private industry, and the State of Florida sponsored development of a non-proprietary hurricane loss model, known as the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model (FPHLM). This model resulted from a multi-university effort to quantify the damages and cost of repairs for structures that have been subjected to hurricane force winds. The original FPHLM focused on single-family residential housing. The model is now extended to cover commercial-residential buildings ranging from multi-story apartments to the high rise condominiums typically found lining the beaches of South Florida. This paper proposal focuses on the development of the exterior vulnerability component of the commercial-residential model, and provides a description of the strategies to probabilistically quantify physical exterior damage for two models: low-rise and mid/high rise commercial-residential structures.
Author: Anne D. Cope
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The core of this model is a Monte Carlo Simulation engine that generates damage information for typical Florida homes, using a component approach. The simulation compares deterministic wind loads, and the probabilistic capacity of vulnerable building components to resist these loads, to determine the probability of damage. In this manner, probabilistic structural damage is identified over a range of assigned wind speeds. Monetary loss associated with structural damage and the likelihood of occurrence for discrete wind speeds will be determined by models under development by other groups in the project.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Building materials
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Author: Timothy James Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
Catastrophe modelers are responsible for estimating and predicting expected physical and monetary building losses under extreme uncertainty. In the case of hurricanes, interior damage might represent the majority of the repair bill so accurate estimates of the interior damage are paramount to a reliable predictive model. Recent studies have shown that wind-driven rain (WDR) is the predominant source of interior related losses even in the absence of visible exterior physical damage. Significant strides have been made in quantifying the external WDR deposition characteristics during hurricane events, and in identifying sources of WDR intrusion through the building envelope. Recent laboratory tests have measured the so-called rain admittance factor (which quantifies the direct impinging rain) and surface runoff coefficients (which quantify the rain surface run-oft) on buildings subjected to hurricane winds and rain. In addition, post-disaster reconnaissance surveys, following hurricanes landfalls in Florida, have shown that soffits are an important source of water penetration, which is not always specifically taken into account in current vulnerability models. Follow-up laboratory tests have measured the amount of the water penetrating through certain types of soffits. These issues of water intrusion are compounded by the fact that a hurricane rotates around any particular building. Therefore the amount of horizontal rain exposure and penetration on any particular facade or component of the building envelope will vary in time as the storm rotates, while the components go from windward to leeward exposure or vice-versa. This dissertation addresses these issues. First, a new vulnerability model for the soffit incorporates experimental data on soffit rain penetration. Second, a new method captures the effect of the storm rotation on the rain deposition and penetration, which is essentially time dependent, into an existing vulnerability model, which simulates both pressure and debris induced envelope breaches but without an explicit time component. Third, a new interior vulnerability model incorporates the new experimental data on building envelope rain deposition and surface runoff. The model succeeds in evaluating the total volume of water penetration though both defects and breaches of the envelope (including soffits), which is then transformed into interior damage. Several implementation strategies were investigated, and the final version was incorporated into version 6.1 of the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model. This work emphasizes the critical role WDR plays in interior damage as well as provides insights into future mitigation strategies with regard to WDR management.
Author: Huan Zhao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Author: Radim Bris
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203859758
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2480
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Book Description
Containing papers presented at the 18th European Safety and Reliability Conference (Esrel 2009) in Prague, Czech Republic, September 2009, Reliability, Risk and Safety Theory and Applications will be of interest for academics and professionals working in a wide range of industrial and governmental sectors, including Aeronautics and Aerospace, Aut
Author: Gonzalo Luis Pita
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hurricanes
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Author: Juan Antonio Balderrama Garcia Mendez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The research presented in this thesis contributes to the development of a probabilistic model that fulfills this goal. The main component of the model is a Monte Carlo Simulation engine that samples component capacities, the loads they sustain, and predicts their probability of damage. The damage estimates calculated by these models will be used to predict interior building damage and finally monetary losses.
Author: Steven Andrew Bell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
The Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model is a catastrophe model commissioned by the State of Florida with the primary purpose of predicting insured losses of residential buildings due to hurricanes. The model has been in a state of ongoing development since 2001, and is contributed to by several universities around the state of Florida. The model is comprised of three main components. The Meteorological Component predicts and models hurricane behavior. The Vulnerability Component predicts and models building damage given specific wind conditions. Lastly, the Actuarial Component takes data from the other two to predict and analyze economic losses. This paper presents several updates to the Vulnerability Component of the model. First, a more realistic cost analysis is presented, created based on information gathered from actual building contractors as well as RS Means. The new cost analysis includes updates such as unit costs that scale with repair size, considerations for actual roof repair methodology, and various other factors specific to the particular building requirements and market conditions of Florida. Second, an analysis of Contents (as well as ALE) vs. Building damage curves (aka Type 2 curves), which allow the Vulnerability Component of the model to be validated independently of the Meteorological Component, is presented. A procedure for their use in model validation is also given, along with a brief sample validation which illustrates the usefulness of the Type 2 curves in uncovering hidden issues with the model. Finally, a brief study analyzing the effects of the changes made to the wind provisions of ASCE 7-10 is presented. The study shows that the changes implemented in ASCE 7-10 will have little effect, in the case of low-rise, personal residential buildings, on actual building practices in the state of Florida.
Author: Mehrshad Amini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Coastal residential buildings are vulnerable to significant damage due to hurricane related hazards such as storm surge, wind loads, and inundation. Recent damage to residential buildings caused by hurricanes in coastal areas illustrates poor performance of coastal structures against hurricane related hazards, which indicates that recent standards and building code provisions need to be improved in terms of loading and design requirements. A fundamental problem with current standards is that most follow the deterministic approach to some extent. For instance, both uncertainties regarding flood hazards and building structure characteristics such as elevation, number of stories, and size have not been considered in current flood risk assessment methods, which causes many concerns in terms of validity and reliability. On the other hand, Performance-Based Engineering (PBE) methodology is a well-known design approach to address inherent uncertainties for assessing and mitigating the risk associated with engineering structures. However, with only limited PBE frameworks in hurricane engineering fields proposed during recent years, there is lack of sufficient understanding of different aspects for development of standards needed for hurricane resistant design and retrofit of residential buildings. Furthermore, given the concurrent multi-hazard nature of hurricanes, designers need to address more complex loading conditions and design decisions. Based on the performance of coastal residential buildings in past hurricanes, elevating the lowest floor above the expected Base Flood Elevation (BFE) has been found to be the most effective strategy to reduce direct damage caused by flood and storm surge. However, elevated buildings can be exposed to different levels of wind loads due to unique aerodynamic characteristics, which leads to the need for more stringent design of structural and foundation systems. In addition, past hurricanes have shown that the actual flood levels can be several feet higher than the BFE, which means even pile-elevated houses may still be vulnerable to damage. Therefore, some communities encourage homeowners to add freeboard to the specific BFE in order to mitigate the risk of damage. The amount of freeboard depends on many factors, for which there is no rational approach for building owners and designers to make the most efficient decision. This study proposes a probabilistic framework in order to investigate the combined interaction of hurricane wind and coastal surge flood on typical residential homes upgraded based on various retrofit strategies. The goal of developing such a framework is to contribute to holistic and quantitative approach in evaluating the potential damage to retrofitted, particularly elevated coastal residential buildings. This proposed probabilistic framework consists of four main modules, namely hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage assessment, and loss measurement. A literature review was carried out to evaluate the performance of coastal residential buildings with respect to direct and indirect damage. The result of the literature review on mitigation techniques are discussed according to hurricane wind and flood-related hazards. Identification and quantification of these hurricane-associated hazards is the first step to understanding the behavior of residential buildings and identifying common failure mechanisms and mitigation techniques. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed to obtain realistic loading scenarios (wind and wave effects) and corresponding engineering demand parameters, respectively. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to understand the effect of various factors, including wind angle, wave type (regular and irregular waves), building elevation, and pier distribution on wind- and wave-induced loads on elevated coastal residential buildings. The CFD models were validated based on available data in terms of wind and wave loadings separately due to lack of current laboratory experiments. The resistance capacities and statistical characteristics for various building components under positive and negative pressures were obtained from experimental tests available in the literature review. The procedure relies on the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to propagate uncertainties through the CFD analysis. Finally, damage assessment and vulnerability analysis were conducted based on selected failure criteria (e.g., HAZUS database) to develop physics-based fragility curves based on four different damage states, and finally obtain loss curves in terms of the building elevation for the selected residential building. A typical wood-frame residential building was selected for the case study to develop the fragility curves for four damage states and the corresponding loss curve based on HAZUS-MH. The building was assumed to be located in the Bolivar Peninsula, where it was heavily impacted by Hurricane Ike as a Category 2 storm. The fragility curves and loss curve were developed for two different scenarios: the building with 8d and 6d common nails used for the connection of roof and floor sheathings. These loss curves predict the expected damage ratio of the building due to combined effects of wind and waves considering the specific house elevation, which can help design professionals and home builders in order to select a reasonable freeboard above the base flood elevation determined based on a probabilistic approach rather than available deterministic methods. This framework can also be utilized in risk assessment and decision analysis of other types of structures against various environmental hazards.
