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Author: Yorghos Apostolopoulos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387497110
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
This book explores the complex roles of mobile, transient, and displaced populations in the worldwide spread of disease. While biomedical events cause disease, social forces such as poverty and marginalization magnify them by giving them opportunities to take hold. From Katrina to Darfur, and from influenza to AIDS, an expert panel of health and social scientists brings the social context of epidemics into clear focus.
Author: Yorghos Apostolopoulos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387497110
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
This book explores the complex roles of mobile, transient, and displaced populations in the worldwide spread of disease. While biomedical events cause disease, social forces such as poverty and marginalization magnify them by giving them opportunities to take hold. From Katrina to Darfur, and from influenza to AIDS, an expert panel of health and social scientists brings the social context of epidemics into clear focus.
Author: Brian D. Gushulak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diseases
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309182158
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.
Author: Adrian Sleigh
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812773398
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
Initially stimulated by a scholarly workshop convened in Singapore in late 2004, and written over the subsequent 18 months, this volume considers the potentially lethal pattern of infectious disease emergence in Asia. It studies linkages to changes in patterns of human activity, including but not limited to shifts in the distribution and concentration of human settlements and the patterns of movement within and between them. It explores the causes and consequences of infectious agents in the region historically and examines such newly emergent natural biological threats as SARS and avian influenza. Drawing on a range of disciplinary perspectives, the book contains analyses rooted in the social, physical and biological sciences as well as works which span these fields. Among the issues considered are the ways in which changes in our natural and built environment, social and economic pressures, shifting policies and patterns of collaboration in responding to disease impact upon our approach to and success in containing serious threats. Infection control has moved beyond the province of clinical experts, epidemiologists and microbiologists, into the mathematics of epidemic prevention and control, as well as the overall physical and human ecology and historical contexts of emerging infections. Not only does such a broad approach enable appreciation of complex forces driving growing epidemic risks in Asia today, it also reveals the importance and relevance of population dynamics, as well as the global urgency of alleviating unsatisfactory health conditions in Asia. The topic and the broad approach has international appeal beyond the region as many of these forces operate throughout the world. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Transdisciplinary Approaches to Population Dynamics and Infectious Diseases in Asia (756 KB). Contents: Frameworks for Understanding Population Dynamics and Infectious Diseases in Asia; Development and Infectious Diseases in Asia; Population Mobility and Infectious Diseases in Asia; Comparative Perspectives on SARS in Asia; Drawing Lessons from the Past to Respond to Future Challenges. Readership: Academics and professional organizations in public health, medical sociology, geography, demography; international health academics and managers.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309457637
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency â€" both within the U.S. government and across the global health field.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309111145
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Early detection is essential to the control of emerging, reemerging, and novel infectious diseases, whether naturally occurring or intentionally introduced. Containing the spread of such diseases in a profoundly interconnected world requires active vigilance for signs of an outbreak, rapid recognition of its presence, and diagnosis of its microbial cause, in addition to strategies and resources for an appropriate and efficient response. Although these actions are often viewed in terms of human public health, they also challenge the plant and animal health communities. Surveillance, defined as "the continual scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and spread of a disease that are pertinent to effective control", involves the "systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data." Disease detection and diagnosis is the act of discovering a novel, emerging, or reemerging disease or disease event and identifying its cause. Diagnosis is "the cornerstone of effective disease control and prevention efforts, including surveillance." Disease surveillance and detection relies heavily on the astute individual: the clinician, veterinarian, plant pathologist, farmer, livestock manager, or agricultural extension agent who notices something unusual, atypical, or suspicious and brings this discovery in a timely way to the attention of an appropriate representative of human public health, veterinary medicine, or agriculture. Most developed countries have the ability to detect and diagnose human, animal, and plant diseases. Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges-Finding Solutions, Workshop Summary is part of a 10 book series and summarizes the recommendations and presentations of the workshop.
Author: Piero Manfredi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461454743
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
This volume summarizes the state-of-the-art in the fast growing research area of modeling the influence of information-driven human behavior on the spread and control of infectious diseases. In particular, it features the two main and inter-related “core” topics: behavioral changes in response to global threats, for example, pandemic influenza, and the pseudo-rational opposition to vaccines. In order to make realistic predictions, modelers need to go beyond classical mathematical epidemiology to take these dynamic effects into account. With contributions from experts in this field, the book fills a void in the literature. It goes beyond classical texts, yet preserves the rationale of many of them by sticking to the underlying biology without compromising on scientific rigor. Epidemiologists, theoretical biologists, biophysicists, applied mathematicians, and PhD students will benefit from this book. However, it is also written for Public Health professionals interested in understanding models, and to advanced undergraduate students, since it only requires a working knowledge of mathematical epidemiology.
Author: Alexandre Blake
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Infectious disease transmission is deeply tied to host mobility and the environment. Transmission can occur when susceptible individuals contact either infectious hosts or environmental reservoirs. For humans, this contact is often the direct result of the mobility of susceptible and infected individuals or the influence of the environment on host mobility and/or pathogen survival. Although these fundamental principles are well known, there is strong spatial heterogeneity in mobility and its drivers. There has also been an exponential increase in mobility in the last 150 years. Many critical features of our environment have changed rapidly during this same time as well. A better understanding of the dynamic interactions between pathogens, host mobility, particularly human mobility, and the environment is necessary to design effective infectious disease control strategy. This dissertation examines these interactions by investigating how mobility and environment influence the dynamics of two diseases: measles and cholera. Measles is a viral disease that infects human hosts exclusively, while cholera is a bacterial disease with an aquatic reservoir. Measles infection, or successful vaccination, leads to life-long immunity. In contrast, for cholera, immunity following infection or successful vaccination is short-lived. These fundamental differences between the two diseases allowed me to focus on specific aspects on the interactions between transmission, mobility, and the environment. I first explore how population mobility influences measles transmission in Niger. I then consider a more complex situation with both population mobility and environmental factors potentially influencing cholera transmission and persistence in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), first in a city and next in a larger metapopulation. I also investigate the data representativeness for estimating population size and mobility in a health vulnerable population, a semi-nomadic population in Namibia. I focus on a modern data stream, mobile phone-based data, that is frequently used to represent mobility in public health efforts. I examine these interactions at various spatial scales using statistical and mechanistic modeling associating surveillance data and geospatial information. My findings emphasize that expanding our understanding of how mobility and environmental factors influence pathogen transmission is critical to improve and adapt infectious disease control strategies. Understanding these interactions is critical to directly target transmission in settings where traditional strategies have consistently produced suboptimal results.
Author: Kenneth H. Mayer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080557147
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 523
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Book Description
Social Ecology of Infectious Diseases explores how human activities enable microbes to disseminate and evolve, thereby creating favorable conditions for the diverse manifestations of communicable diseases. Today, infectious and parasitic diseases cause about one-third of deaths and are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The speed that changes in human behavior can produce epidemics is well illustrated by AIDS, but this is only one of numerous microbial threats whose severity and spread are determined by human behaviors. In this book, forty experts in the fields of infectious diseases, the life sciences and public health explore how demography, geography, migration, travel, environmental change, natural disaster, sexual behavior, drug use, food production and distribution, medical technology, training and preparedness, as well as governance, human conflict and social dislocation influence current and likely future epidemics. Provides essential understanding of current and future epidemics Presents a crossover perspective for disciplines in the medical and social sciences and public policy, including public health, infectious diseases, population science, epidemiology, microbiology, food safety, defense preparedness and humanitarian relief Creates a new perspective on ecology based on the interaction of microbes and human activities
